ARTVOCABULARY.doc

1、ART VOCABULARYAbstract art - is a style of art which is not dependent upon a fundamentally naturalistic approach to the subject matter for the expression of form, space and color. It shows objects, people, and/or places in simplified arrangements of shape, line, texture and color, often geometrical.

2、 Sometimes abstract art refers to non objective art.Abstract expressionism a twentieth century style of art that became established in America during the 1950 s, in which the artist involved chance and t he subconscious in the creation of the painting. This style expresses feelings and emotions thro

3、ugh slashing, active brush strokes. This is often called Action Painting.Achromaticis a term which is applied to a light or a tone which contains no color.Acropolis is the highest point of any ancient Greek city and the site of the temples. The Parthenon was built on the acropolis in Athens.Acrylic

4、Paint is paint which is comprised of pigment and bound with a synthetic resin. Acrylic paints can be diluted with water and yet dry within minutes. Once dry, they do not change in color or texture. They are opaque and dry to an even matte finish. They do not deteriorate or change color markedly when

5、 exposed to atmospheric conditions. Acrylic paints can be used ona wide variety of surfaces. Acrylic paints were developed in the 1920 s and 1930 s. They became more readily available after the Second World War and are now very popular with artists,both professional and amateur, because of their ver

6、satility.Advancing colors are warm, strong colors which give the impression of being near the spectator. These colors seem to advance while cool colors appear to recede.Aerial Perspective is a way of drawing that shows depth in space by such methods as overlapping objects, using lighter values and l

7、ess detail in distant objects, and using warm colors for nearer objects. Aerial perspective creates the effect of distance on a flat surface, by using cold pale colors for distant features, such as a range of hills and the sky behind them in a landscape.Aesthetic is pertaining to a sense of what is

8、beautiful and visually pleasing. Aesthetics deals with the branch of philosophy which studies form and meaning in works of art.Alla Prima is a method of painting by which all pigments to be included are laid on the painting surface in one layer and during one session.Analogous Colors are colors that

9、 are next to each other on the color wheel. They are related because they contain a common hue. Examples include: yellow-green, yellow and yellow-orange.Anatomy- is the structure of the human body (or of animals or plants). Anatomical drawing often shows such details as muscles and bones.Aquarelleis

10、 a drawing which is colored with watercolor washes.Aqueduct is a masonry channel, using gravity to bring water from the mountains to the cities; invented and widely used by the Romans.Aqueousrefers to pigments or media which are soluble, or can be suspended in water.Archis almost any curved structur

11、al member used to span space.1Architect is an artist who designs and develops plans for the interior and exterior structures of homes and public buildings.Architecture is the art and profession of designing and constructing buildings, such as homes, offices, schools and industrial structures. This a

12、lso refers to the resulting buildings.Artifactsis any useful object (pot, bowl utensil) made by humans to help with their daily tasks.Assemblage is the bonding together of various three-dimensional objects by gluing, soldering, pasting, or nailing. It can be sculptural (to stand on the floor) or mad

13、e for putting in a frame on the wall.Asymmetrical balance is a type of visual balance in which one side of the composition appears different from the other side. The two sides are visually equal without being identical. This is also called informal balance.Avant Garde Art is the style of contemporar

14、y art in any period of time. It is the newest form of visual expression, and farthest from the traditional ways of working. This style is very original and is experimental art.Back lighting is a lighting arrangement in which the source of light is behind the subject, shining towards the viewer. This

15、 often produces a silhouette effect.Backgroundthe part of the picture plane that appears farthest from the viewer.Balanceis a principle of design that refers to the equalization of elements in a work of art.There are three kinds of balance: symmetrical (formal), asymmetrical (informal), and radial.B

16、aroquea period of time/style of art (1600 s) that stressed swirling action, large works of artand elaborate detail and richness , even in drawing.Basilica is an ancient Roman building (long and narrow) that served as a meeting place and a judgment hall. Later, the Christians used the basilica style

17、for their churches.Bauhaus is a German art school, begun in 1918, that stressed science and technology as major resources for art and architecture.Binder in painting, any liquid medium which, when mixed with powder pigment, forms paint. The function of the binder is to hold the pigment particles to

18、each other to form a cohesive coating and to attach it securely to the ground. Binders are used in pastels, crayons, drawing inks, and ceramic glazes and bodies. A binder is also referred to as the vehicle.Bisque wareis a clay object that has been fired to an appropriate temperature in a kiln.Blind

19、contour is a drawing style done by focusing only on the object and without looking at the paper.Blocking in is a technique which is employed during the formative stages of a painting when the artist describes roughly and approximately the composition of the painting.Brayer a small roller used to app

20、ly printing ink to a surface, such as linoleum block or wood block, before printing.Bright is a type of brush used in oil painting. It is a flat thin brush with a straight, sharp end; the length of the tip is 1? times its width.2Broken colorin color theory, it is a color which is made by mixing two

21、secondary colors.Broken colors tend toward gray and their chroma is low. The word tertiary is sometimes used todescribe these colors but it is becoming increasingly obsolete. In painting, broken color refers tovarious techniques in which several colors are used in their pure state rather than being

22、blendedor mixed. Using the paint quality is stiff and thick and when the paint is dragged across the surface, layers beneath show through. This term can also refer to Pointillist techniques.Brushescrucial tools to the painter, the best oil painting brushes are made from hog s hairwhile the best wate

23、rcolor brushes are made from sable. Brushes are made in a very wide variety of shapes including flat, round, filbert or fan.Byzantine Artrefers to the style of Byzantium. Byzantine art used very rich colors and figuresthat were flat and stiff. The artworks blended Greek, Roman and Asian styles and u

24、sually had a religious theme.Byzantium an ancient Greek and Roman city on the Bosporus, now called Istanbul, Turkey. Constantine used it as the capitol of the Eastern Roman Empire, from 330 A.D., and changed its name to Constantinople.Calligraphy is an Oriental method of beautiful handwriting. In dr

25、awing and painting, refers to lines that have the quality of beautiful handwriting (calligraphic lines) and/or brushed lines that are similar to Oriental writing.Canvas is the most commonly used surface for painting in oils. It is stretched on a wooden support and then it is primed (treated) with a

26、ground before the application of pigment. Pigments adhere well to its surface because of the texture created by the weave of the material.Caricature is a drawing, painting, or sculpture (usually of a person) that exaggerates selected characteristics of the subject (such as a prominent chin or large

27、eyes). This is often humorous.Cartoon is a drawing of a person or event (often for publication) intended as satire, caricature or humor. Animated cartoons are drawings that are placed on film to create the illusion of movement.Cathedral is a large church structure, which houses the congregation of t

28、he Roman Catholic Bishop. It contains his throne, called a cathedra.Center lineis the line of visionwhich extends from the spectator s eye to the object beingscrutinized.Center of interest is the area of a work of art toward which all visual movement is directed. It is the visual focal point of the

29、work.Ceramic jewelryis jewelry made from wet clay.Chalk drawingis a drawing which is done using pastel or crayon.Charcoal is wood, often vine, which is reduced by burning so that it can then be used for drawing. Because the wood is charred the line which it produces has a powdery quality. It needs t

30、o be made permanent on the drawing surface through the application of a fixative.3Chiaroscuro- the literal translation of this Italian term is light-dark, but the term has come to mean the skillful exploitation of light and shadow within a painting. Rembrandt and Caravaggio are artists particularly

31、associated with the use of chiaroscuro.Chroma is the term used to describe and measure the purity of a color. Neutral gray, for instance has no chroma while pure red can be said to contain much chroma.Cityscape-is a painting or drawing that uses elements of the city (buildings, streets, shops, etc.)

32、as subject matter.Collage is derived form the French verb coller meaning “ to stick ” , collage is the technique of pasting cloth, paper or other material onto a canvas or surface. It was first used by the Cubistartists.Collagraph is a form of relief printing in which prints are made by applying mat

33、erials to blocks, inking the raised portions, and pressing the block to a surface.Coloris an element of design that identifies natural and manufactured things as being red,yellow, blue, orange, etc. Color has three qualities: huethe actual color itself, for example, red,yellow, blue, and so on; chro

34、ma the relative brilliance or intensity of a color , for example, bright or dull red; value lightness or darkness of a color.Color harmony is the use of several colors from the color wheel arrangement that produce certain desirable combinations.Column is a cylindrical upright or pillar, usually used

35、 in a row in order to carry (support) a load in architecture.Combine painting a type of painting begun in the twentieth century. The artist combines real objects (shirt, book, stuffed animal, etc.) with painted areas.Commercial artist is a person who works in the area of graphic communications and/o

36、r utilitarian or reproductive art forms. A distinction is often made between a commercial artist and a fine artist, who produces unique works for their own merit, not for commercial purposes.Communication is the methods of letting others know what you are thinking, saying, and feeling. It may be ver

37、bal, visual, musical or physical. (Artists are concerned with visual communication)Complementary colors are any two colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. When mixed, they will tend to subdue the intensities and produce a grayed hue. Violet and yellow, red and green, blue and orange

38、 are complementary colors.Complex-composed of many interconnected parts.Composition- is the way the principles of design are used to organize the elements. The term is applied to the arrangement of form and color in a painting.Concept art- a style of art in which the artist expresses the idea (conce

39、pt of a proposed work of art) in verbal or diagram form. The actual work will probably not be carried out.Conceptualized art- is a style of painting or sculpture in which the artist communicates what is known of the subject (a general idea), not how the subject actually looks. An African tribal mask

40、 is a conceptualized face.4Construction is an additive sculptural technique in which parts are added, assembled, and adhered until the work is finished. A construction is a product in which parts are added together to complete the work.Constructivism is a style of art (1913) which stressed the three

41、 dimensional abstract arrangement of metals, glass, plastics and/or wire.Contemporary Art- refers to the art of today; the methods, styles, and techniques of artists living now.Contour- is the outline or periphery of a figure or object: the outline that bounds or delimits a form or an area.Contour d

42、rawing is a single line drawing that defines the out (and sometimes inner) edges of people or objects.Contrast- is a principle of design that refers to differences in values, colors, textures, and other elements in an artwork to achieve emphasis and interest.Cool colors-are the hues on one side of t

43、he color wheel which contain blues and greens.Cover- is the term that refers to the capacity of a pigment to obscure an underlying surface. It is also applied to the capacity of a pigment to extend by given volume over a surface.Craft-is skill, ingenuity, and dexterity.Crafts works of art that gener

44、ally have a utilitarian purpose (ceramics, macram , leather work, metals, weaving, fabric, jewelry, furniture design, and so on). It is a form of expression that more specifically relates to textiles, ceramics and jewelry.Craftsmanshipis skill, knowledge and dexterity applied to works of art in a pa

45、rticular field.Generally it refers to skill in producing expertly, finished products. It is expert workmanship.Craftsperson- is a person who works in any of the areas of the crafts (ceramics, fabric, knotting, jewelry, weaving, leather, enameling and so on); designs and creates objects such as texti

46、les, ceramics and jewelry.Crayonis powdered pigments which are bound, usually with wax, so that they form a hard stick.Crayons come in a wide variety of colors.Crayon etching is a technique in which crayon is applied heavily to ground, then covered with an opaque ink or paint. Designs are (etched) t

47、hrough the covering material to the colored crayon below.Cross hatching is a technique whereby pencil or some other medium is drawn or laid down in a series of criss-crossing strokes to build up tone. It is a technique which is used mostly in drawing for defining shadow and depth.Cubism- is a style

48、of art in which the subject is fragmented and reassembled in an abstract form to reveal multiple viewpoints.Culture refers to those elements which add to the aesthetic aspects of our lives, enriching them with beauty and enjoyment.Diagonalis at an angle, neither vertical nor horizontal.5Distort-to d

49、eform or stretch something out of its normal shape.Doodling is an absent-minded type of drawing in which the person is often preoccupied with other thoughts.Dynamicis full of energy; in a state of imbalance or tension; constantly changing and active.Dynasty is a period of time in which a single fami

50、ly has dominance over a people, such as the Ming Dynasty in China.Earth Colors- pigments such as yellow ochre, terra verte, and umber, which are obtained by mining them from the earth. They owe their color to the presence of compounds of iron and closely associated metals like manganese.Earth Works

51、are works of art that are excavated in the surface of the earth, usually in desert areas. They are best viewed from above, from a plane or helicopter.Easel Painting - is any kind of painting that is done in a studio (on a easel) and can be transported from place to place. The painting is not painted

52、 directly on a wall, such as a mural.Ellipse is a curved line that is drawn to produce an oval shape with specific geometric proportions.Elongated-is stretched out lengthwise; drawn in a way as to exaggerate height or length.Emphasis- is a principle of design by which the artist or designer may use

53、opposing sizes, shapes, contrasting colors, or other means to place greater attention on certain areas of objects in a work of art.Engraving is the process of incising lines into a surface to create an image. Engraving is the craft of working a design into wood or metal with sharp tools. Usually, th

54、e material thus treated serves as a matrix from which graphic prints may then be made.Etching is a printmaking technique which transfers the inked image from lines cut in a metal (or plastic) plate to paper. The process needs a strong press.Expressionismis any style of art in which the artist tried

55、to communicate strong personal andemotional feelings. If written with a capital “ E” , it refers to a definite style of art begun in Germany early in the twentieth century. Expressionist artists include: Max Ernst, Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, and Emil Nolde.Eye Level is a horizontally drawn line

56、that is even in height with your eye. In perspective drawing, it can be the actual distant horizon line, but it can also be drawn in a close-up still life. Vanishing points are placed along this line. It should not be confused with the horizon line.Fashion Illustratoris a person who draws fashion de

57、signs for advertisements in magazines,newspapers, etc.Fauvism-is a style of painting in which the artist communicated feelings through a personal useof color, usually bright and intense. It was started in France. Fauves (fove) means“ wild beasts.”Ferruleis the metal attachment on a brush for holding the hairs or bristles.Figurative artis representational art as opposed to abstract art.Figure draw