2016年高考英语备考短文改错课件

1、How to correct a How to correct a compositioncomposition 短文改错短文改错 By Peng Mei 考纲解读考纲解读 高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题 型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识 的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高 考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次 多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以 及语篇结构等，是一种在较

2、高层次上考查考生及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生 对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试 题型。题型。 高考短文改错的短文通常只有高考短文改错的短文通常只有110个词左右，文体多个词左右，文体多 为第一为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主以书信为主)。所选取。所选取 的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴 近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显 易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，易懂，材料中没

3、有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单， 基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合 英语语言习惯。各种错误所占比例为英语语言习惯。各种错误所占比例为 1：1：8 多多 缺缺 错错 命题特点命题特点 短文改错的错误主要是以下两方面。短文改错的错误主要是以下两方面。 一，语法方面。一，语法方面。主要考察动词时态和语态、非主要考察动词时态和语态、非 谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠 词、连词、介词、词形词、连词、介词、词形( (指应该用动词、名词、形容指应该用动词、名词、形容 词还是副词形式，以

4、及平行结构中词的正确形式词还是副词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式) ) 二，行文逻辑方面。二，行文逻辑方面。主要考察人物的性别及相主要考察人物的性别及相 应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词。句子应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词。句子 的并列，递进，转折，因果关系和时间的先后顺序的并列，递进，转折，因果关系和时间的先后顺序 等。等。 考点考点 1 1“规范性规范性”原则：原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号要严格按照示范规定的符号 改错。要记住改错。要记住“”、“”“”、“”分别表示错词分别表示错词 纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用

5、箭 头表示。头表示。 2 2“四不改四不改”原则：原则：单词拼写不改；大小写单词拼写不改；大小写 不改；词序错误不改不改；词序错误不改( (应从错词或少词方面考虑应从错词或少词方面考虑) )； 标点符号不改。标点符号不改。 3 3“四改动四改动”原则：原则：忠实于原文原则忠实于原文原则( (不可改不可改 变原文的原意变原文的原意) )；错误以改动最少为原则；虚词以；错误以改动最少为原则；虚词以 添加或者删除为原则；实词以改变形式为原则。添加或者删除为原则；实词以改变形式为原则。 答题原则答题原则 常考的考点常考的考点 一、冠词一、冠词 二、谓语动词（时态、语态）二、谓语动词（时态、语态） 三、

6、非谓语动词三、非谓语动词 四、名词（单复数）四、名词（单复数） 五、形容词、副词（比较级、最高级）五、形容词、副词（比较级、最高级） 六、代词（主格、宾格、所有格）六、代词（主格、宾格、所有格） 七、介词和固定搭配七、介词和固定搭配 八、复合句连词、疑问词八、复合句连词、疑问词 九、逻辑九、逻辑 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国I】 but I miss my home in countryside. 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国II】 A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. 【2014 新课标全国新课标全国I

7、】 As result, the plants are growing somewhere. 一、冠词一、冠词 the the a 【2014 新课标全国新课标全国II】 There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 【2014 辽宁辽宁】 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day . 一、冠词一、冠词 an 二、动词二、动词形形 【2015新课标全国新课标全国I】 When I was a child, I hop

8、ed to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. We must found ways to protect your environment. thought find 二、动词二、动词形形 【2015新课标全国新课标全国II】 Tony was scared and begun to cry. If they will give me som

9、e information I will tell you. began 提醒：在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，提醒：在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中， 主句用将来时态，从句中则用主句用将来时态，从句中则用一般现在时态一般现在时态 【2014新课标全国新课标全国II】 My dream school look like a big garden. 【2014全国卷大纲版全国卷大纲版】 The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. loo

10、ks means 动名词，不定式或从句做主语谓语动词用单数。动名词，不定式或从句做主语谓语动词用单数。 【2013陕西卷陕西卷】 Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught. was The students as well as the teacher likes the film. like 1） there be; or; eitheror; neithernor; not (only)but (also); as well as; together with; with; rather than;

11、like; but. 就近原则就近原则 就远原则就远原则 主谓一致特别提醒主谓一致特别提醒 Many a student have this kind of phone. Every man and every woman have such a good chance. has has 提醒提醒：主语有every; many a; each或no 修饰或被 这些词修饰的并列成分做主语谓语用单数谓语用单数。 三、非谓语，细辨别三、非谓语，细辨别 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国II】 After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around

12、and found where his parents were missing. 【2015 浙江浙江】 I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. looking sitting 三、非谓语，细辨别三、非谓语，细辨别 【2015 四川四川】 I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. 【 2015陕西

13、陕西】 I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” to singing to I caught him cheated in the exam. 【2012陕西陕西】 I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Bingjing. 【2013四川四川】 Mary, my best friend asked me to let her to copy my answers. He has never been heard s

14、peak ill of others. cheating taken to 解决方案解决方案 除了并列谓语的存在，除了并列谓语的存在，一个句子只能有一一个句子只能有一 个谓语动词个谓语动词，如出现其他动词就必需转化成非，如出现其他动词就必需转化成非 谓语。谓语。 to do 表将来的主动动作。表将来的主动动作。 done 被动，完成被动，完成 doing 主动，进行主动，进行 【2015新课标全国新课标全国II】 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop 提醒：提醒：看动词是充当谓语还是非谓语看动词是充当谓语

15、还是非谓语 told 四、名词四、名词数数 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国I】 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国II】 One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. A group of sheeps are eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill. air parents sheep 单复数同形：单复数同形：fish; deer; sheep;

16、means; Chinese; Japanese等等 可数名词单数形式不单独使用，要么用复数要么前面加可数名词单数形式不单独使用，要么用复数要么前面加 冠词冠词 四、名词四、名词数数 The book will give you all the informations you need. information 不可数：不可数：furniture ；fun；homework；paper； news；progress；trouble；advice; information; work（工作（工作); equipment等无复数形式。等无复数形式。 In their opinions, they

17、 should have more holidays. 记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法如：记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法如： in ones opinion keep ones word take measures to do sth. take action to do sth. opinion 五、还要注意形和副五、还要注意形和副 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国I】 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. Much rare

18、 animals are dying out 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国II】 Dad and I were terrible worried. 【2013浙江浙江】 I am awfully tiring. 【2012全国新课标全国新课标】 I learned that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. serious Many terribly tired less o解决方案解决方案 .在在系动词系动词（be；感官系动词；感官系动词；become; go; turn等）等）后后要常用要常用形容词形容词做表语。修饰做表语。

19、修饰名词名词也也 用用形容词形容词。 .修饰修饰动词，形容词或整个句子动词，形容词或整个句子用用副词副词 .关注关注比较级比较级和和最高级最高级的使用的使用。 Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately fortunately，luckily，obviously，naturally， interestingly 【2013浙江浙江】 I tried hardly to do it. hard 六六、 代词代词格，格，细领悟细领悟 1.1.人称代词人称代词主格主格和和宾格宾格，物主代词物主代词的使用的使用 反

20、身代词反身代词oneselfoneself 的使用的使用 3 3不定代词不定代词的使用的使用 4 4Both,all,either,neither,noneBoth,all,either,neither,none的使用的使用. . 人称人称 单数单数复数复数 主格主格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 Imeweus youyouyou you hehim sheher itit theythem 单数单数复数复数 形容形容 词性词性 物主物主 代词代词 myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 名词名词 性物性物 主代主代 词词 yo

21、ursminehishersits ours yourstheirs 【2014辽宁辽宁】 We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter 【2013陕西陕西】 We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. 【 2012陕西陕西】 I will recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing. your m

22、ine our 【 2012浙江浙江】 I knew that they would be worried about myself. 【2013 四川四川】 I let her copy my answers . But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. me both 【2012 重庆重庆】 How are you those days? I have been missing you very much. 【2012 重庆重庆】 I was happy when the toys worked, b

23、ut when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it. 【2013 浙江浙江】 Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “he was lucky to find other one” these them another 考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面： 1) 代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误. 2) “it” 一词的不当使用一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式包括用于从句中或作形式 主语或宾语主语或宾语

24、). 3) 不定代词或反身代词的误用不定代词或反身代词的误用. 七、介词、七、介词、短语短语要记住要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，错误表现形式错误表现形式 主要有主要有多词、少词多词、少词和和搭配错误搭配错误。 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国II】 Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国I】 Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【2014 新课标全国

25、新课标全国I】 We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. in with to lose my heart such many people 【2015 四川四川】 Please help with me and give me some advice. I carefully wrote down her address, phone number and the set time in case of I forget. so 八、句子成分多分析八、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的

26、词类；不同的语境不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境 要选择不同的词语。要选择不同的词语。这些都有待于我们对句子结构和这些都有待于我们对句子结构和 句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国II】 he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 【2015 四川四川】 How do you think I should do? 【2014四川四川】 If you notice that when someone is missing an

27、d hurt, tell your teacher immediately. that 或或 What 九、逻辑错误须关注九、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻 辑性错误。如称谓上的辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、人名、地名、时间、 方位等方位等方面的错误常是这类错误的考查对象。方面的错误常是这类错误的考查对象。 【2015 新课标全国新课标全国I】 There the air is clean or the mountains are green. 【2014 浙江浙江】 A passenger re

28、alized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. and and 【2013 新课标全国新课标全国I】 He was the gentlest man I have never know. 【2012 辽宁辽宁】 In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there till the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as a car drove out far too

29、 quickly. ever there 【2015 陕西陕西】 I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 【2015 四川四川】 I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. what do you think I should do? something but 解决方案解决方案: (1)培养用英语思维的良好习惯，避培养用英语思维的良好习惯，避 免汉语影响免汉语影响. (2)分析句子成分，把握句子结构分析句子成分，把握句子结构 . (3) 结合上下文，完整领会短文内容结合上下文，完整领会短文内容 . At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them i