管理会计双语题库：chapter 7

1、Management Accounting, 6e (Atkinson et al.)Chapter 7 Measuring and Managing Process PerformanceObjective 11) The theory of constraints focuses on long-term initiatives to increase operating income.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The theory of constraints maintains that operating income can be increased by

2、 carefully managing the bottlenecks in a process.Diff: 1Terms: theory of constraintsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking2) The theory of constraints:A) emphasizes long-term optimization.B) maintains that carefully managing production bottlenecks will increase operating income.C) helps managers mak

3、e special one-time decisions.D) suggests that some component parts should be outsourced.Answer: BDiff: 1Terms: theory of constraintsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinking3) Constraints from the theory of constraints may include:A) the availability of direct materials in manufacturing.B) linear squar

4、e feet of display space for a retailer.C) direct labor in the service industry.D) All of the above are correct.Answer: DDiff: 1Terms: theory of constraintsObjective: 1AACSB: Reflective thinkingNarly Skateboards manufactures three different product lines, Base, Long, and Trick. Considerable market de

5、mand exists for all models. The following per unit data apply:Base ModelLong ModelTrick ModelSelling price$100$120$140Direct materials 12 12 12Direct labor ($12 per hour) 24 24 48Variable support costs ($4 per machine-hour) 8 16 16Fixed support costs 20 20 204) Which model has the greatest contribut

6、ion margin per unit?A) base modelB) long modelC) trick modelD) both the base model and the long modelAnswer: BExplanation: B) Base model 100-12-24-8= 56Long model 120-12-24-16=68*Trick model 140-12-48-16=64Diff: 2Terms: contribution margin, theory of constraintsObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills5)

7、 Which model has the greatest contribution margin per machine-hour?A) base modelB) long modelC) trick modelD) both the long model and the trick modelAnswer: AExplanation: A) Base model 56/2=28*Long model 68/4=17Trick model 64/4=16Diff: 2Terms: contribution margin, theory of constraintsObjective: 1AA

8、CSB: Analytical skills6) If there is excess capacity, which model is the most profitable to produce?A) base modelB) long modelC) trick modelD) both the base model and the long modelAnswer: BDiff: 2Terms: contribution margin, theory of constraintsObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills7) If there is a m

9、achine breakdown, which model is the most profitable to produce?A) base modelB) long modelC) trick modelD) both the long model and the trick modelAnswer: ADiff: 2Terms: contribution margin, theory of constraintsObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skills8) How can the Vice-president of sales at Skate Magic

10、 encourage her salespeople to promote the more profitable model?A) Put all sales persons on salary.B) Provide higher sales commissions for higher priced items.C) Provide higher sales commissions for items with the greatest contribution margin per constrained resource.D) Provide higher sales commissi

11、ons for higher priced items and items with the greatest contribution margin per constrained resource.Answer: CDiff: 2Terms: contribution margin, theory of constraintsObjective: 1AACSB: Analytical skillsObjective 21) There are two general types of facility designs: process layouts and product layouts

12、.Answer: FALSEExplanation: There are three general types of facility designs: (1) process layouts, (2) product layouts, and (3) group technology.Diff: 1Terms: facility designsObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking2) The operating costs considered by the theory of constraints are all direct manufactu

13、ring costs, including direct materials and direct labor.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The operating costs considered by the theory of constraints include all costs except for direct materials costs needed to obtain throughput production.Diff: 2Terms: operating costs, theory of constraintsObjective: 2AAC

14、SB: Reflective thinking3) The buildup of inventories decreases the cycle time of production.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The buildup of inventories increases the cycle time of productionDiff: 1Terms: cycle timeObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking4) Process layouts are characterized by long production

15、 paths, high inventory levels and small batches of unique products.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: process layoutObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking5) Processing cycle efficiency is calculated as processing time divided by the sum of processing time, moving time, storage time, and inspection time.Answe

16、r: TRUEDiff: 2Terms: processing cycle efficiencyObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking6) In _, all similar equipment or functions are grouped together.A) a process layoutB) a product layoutC) cellular manufacturingD) just-in-time productionAnswer: ADiff: 1Terms: process layoutObjective: 2AACSB: Refl

17、ective thinking7) Characteristics of a process layout include:A) continuous processing.B) long production paths.C) small amounts of inventory.D) no work-in-process storage areas.Answer: BDiff: 1Terms: process layoutObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking8) In _, equipment is organized to accommodate

18、the production of a specific product.A) a process layoutB) a product layoutC) cellular manufacturingD) low-volume productionAnswer: BDiff: 1Terms: process layoutObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking9) Characteristics of a product layout include:A) raw materials and purchased parts are delivered dir

19、ectly to the production line where they are needed.B) low-volume production.C) a U-shaped layout.D) small batches of unique products.Answer: ADiff: 1Terms: product layoutObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking10) In _, the plant is organized into areas where all machines used to manufacture a group o

20、f similar products are close to each other.A) a process layoutB) a product layoutC) cellular manufacturingD) just-in-time productionAnswer: CDiff: 1Terms: cellular manufacturingObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinking11) Characteristics of cellular manufacturing include:A) a layout that is usually cir

21、cular like a cell.B) increasing the number of employees needed to produce a product.C) individual areas for employees so each can work independently without interruption.D) a flexible layout that can be easily adjusted to make a different product.Answer: DDiff: 1Terms: cellular manufacturingObjectiv

22、e: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingVander Belt Manufacturing, Inc., is considering reorganizing its plant into manufacturing cells. The following estimates have been prepared to evaluate the benefits from the reorganization:Before the changeAfter the changeTotal annual sales$250,000$375,000Costs as perce

23、ntage of sales: Direct materials 20% 17% Direct labor 8% 7% Manufacturing Support costs 12% 6%Work-in-process inventory $50,000 $ 40,000Inventory carrying costs are estimated to be 11% per year.12) As a result of the layout reorganization, reduced levels of work-in-process inventory are projected to

24、 decrease inventory carrying costs annually by:A) $ 1,100.B) $ 3,750.C) $ 4,400.D) $5,500.Answer: AExplanation: A) (Before: $50,000 11%) less ( After: $40,000 11%) equals cost savings of $1,100.Diff: 2Terms: cellular manufacturingObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills13) As a result of the layout reor

25、ganization, incremental manufacturing costs are projected to:A) decrease by $11,400 annually.B) decrease by $12,500 annually.C) increase by $12,500 annually.D) increase by $20,000 annually.Answer: CExplanation: C) (Before: $250,000 40%) less (After: $375,000 30%) equals additional costs of $12,500Di

26、ff: 2Terms: cellular manufacturingObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills14) As a result of switching to a cellular manufacturing operation, total benefits are projected to increase annually by:A) $111,400.B) $113,600.C) $136,400.D) $138,600.Answer: BExplanation: B) Before the ChangeAfter the ChangeDif

27、ferenceSales$250,000$375,000$125,000Manufacturing costs(100,000)(112,500)(12,500)WIP inventory carrying costs(5,500)(4,400) 1,100 Total benefits$144,500$258,100$113,600Diff: 3Terms: cellular manufacturingObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills15) After the change, sales are projected to increase becaus

28、e:A) of shorter delivery lead times.B) of higher sales prices.C) of the ability to process larger batch sizes.D) All of the above are correct.Answer: ADiff: 2Terms: cellular manufacturingObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills16) After the change, work-in-process inventory carrying costs are projected

29、to decrease because of:A) reduced costs in materials handling.B) lower financing costs.C) the decreased need for inventory storage.D) All of the above are correct.Answer: DDiff: 2Terms: cellular manufacturing, carrying costsObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skills17) Carey Manufacturing, Inc., is consid

30、ering reorganizing its plant into manufacturing cells. The following estimates have been prepared to evaluate the benefits from the reorganization:Before the changeAfter the changeTotal annual sales$700,000$850,000Costs as percentage of sales:Direct materials10%9%Direct labor6%4%Support costs9%7%Wor

31、k-in-process inventory$200,000$120,000Inventory carrying costs are estimated to be 12% per year.Required:a.Why do the layout reorganization estimates include 1. a decrease in work-in-process inventory?2. a decrease in direct material costs as a percentage of sales?3. an increase in sales?b.As a resu

32、lt of the layout reorganization, what amount of annual change is projected 1. from carrying reduced levels of work-in-process inventory?2. for incremental manufacturing costs? 3. in total benefits?Answer: a.1. Layout reorganization estimates include a decrease in work-in-process inventorybecause cel

33、lular manufacturing streamlines production flows. When products flowimmediately from one processing stage to the next, there is less build-up ofwork-in-process inventories. 2. When products flow immediately from one processing stage to the next, workersdownstream can identify an upstream problem in

34、that component almostimmediately and correct it before it leads to the production of more defectivecomponents. Early detection of defective units reduces the amount of raw materialsneeded for rework, which results in decreased direct material costs as a percentage ofsales.3.A streamlined manufacturi

35、ng operation leads to reduced manufacturing cycle times,improved quality, and a shorter lead-time for orders. Quicker delivery to customersand higher quality products usually result in increased customer sales. b.1. Carrying reduced levels of work-in-process inventory results in a projected costsavi

36、ngs of $9,600.Before the change: $200,000 12% = $24,000After the change: $120,000 12% = 14,400 Cost savings per year$ 9,6002. As a result of the layout reorganization, incremental manufacturing costs areprojected to decrease by $5,000.Before the change: $700,000 25% =$175,000After the change: $850,0

37、00 20% =170,000 Cost savings per year$ 5,0003. As a result of switching to a cellular manufacturing operation, total benefits areprojected to increase by $164,600 per year.Before theAfter theChangeChangeDifferenceSales$700,000$850,000$150,000Manufacturing costs*(175,000)(170,000)5,000WIP inventory c

38、arrying costs*(24,000)(14,400) 9,600 Total benefits per year$501,000$665,600$164,600*Before the change: $700,000 (10% + 6% + 9%) = $175,000 After the change: $850,000 (9% + 4% + 7%) = $170,000*Before the change: $200,000 12% = $24,000After the change: $120,000 12% = $14,400Diff: 3Terms: cellular man

39、ufacturingObjective: 2AACSB: Analytical skillsMAL: This question is not available in MyAccountingLab.18) Explain the differences between a process layout, a product layout, and cellular manufacturing.Answer: In process layouts, all similar equipment and functions are grouped together. Process layout

40、s occur typically in organizations in which production is done in small batches of unique products. In process layouts, products are moved and processed from one area to another until the product is completed. It is also characterized by a long production path and high work-in-process inventories.In

41、 contrast, in product layouts, equipment is organized to accommodate the production of a specific product. Product layouts are most effective for companies producing high-volume products. Typically products are moved and are processed along an assembly line. The placement of equipment of processing

42、units is made to reduce the distance that products travel.Meanwhile, cellular manufacturing involves the organization of a plant into a number of cells. Within each cell, machines that are needed to manufacture a group of similar products are arranged close to one another. The organization reduces p

43、roduction cycle time, which is the time from receipt of raw materials from the supplier to delivery of the finished goods to the customers and distributors.Diff: 2Terms: process layout, product layout, cellular manufacturingObjective: 2AACSB: Reflective thinkingMAL: This question is not available in

44、 MyAccountingLab.Objective 31) Value is defined as any action or process for which a customer would be willing to pay.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: lean manufacturing, valueObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking2) In lean manufacturing, any resource spending that does not create value for the end custom

45、er is wasteful and must be eliminated.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: lean manufacturingObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinking3) The quality movement was pioneered by:A) Eli Whitney.B) Henry Ford.C) Edwards Deming.D) Frederick Taylor.Answer: CDiff: 1Terms: lean manufacturingObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective t

46、hinking4) Lean manufacturing:A) has a central philosophy that resource spending that does not add value must be eliminated.B) defines value as any action or process for which the customer is willing to pay.C) is derived from the Toyota Production System.D) All of the above are correct.Answer: DDiff:

47、 1Terms: lean manufacturing, just-in-timeObjective: 3AACSB: Reflective thinkingObjective 41) Global competition led to the development of international quality standards such as ISO 9000 Standards.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: ISO 9000Objective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking2) Quality engineering costs ar

48、e an example of:A) prevention costs.B) appraisal costs.C) internal failure costs.D) external failure costs.Answer: ADiff: 1Terms: prevention costsObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking3) Inspection costs of purchased parts and materials are examples of:A) prevention costs.B) appraisal costs.C) inter

49、nal failure costs.D) external failure costs.Answer: BDiff: 1Terms: appraisal costsObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking4) The cost of reworking defective components is an example of:A) prevention costs.B) appraisal costs.C) internal failure costs.D) external failure costs.Answer: CDiff: 1Terms: int

50、ernal failure costsObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking5) Warranty costs are an example of:A) prevention costs.B) appraisal costs.C) internal failure costs.D) external failure costs.Answer: DDiff: 1Terms: external failure costsObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking6) _ include the cost of raw-mate

51、rials inspections and assembly-line inspections.A) Prevention costsB) Appraisal costsC) Internal failure costsD) External failure costsAnswer: BDiff: 1Terms: appraisal costsObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinking7) Distinguish between internal failure costs and external failure costs. Give examples o

52、f each.Answer: Internal failure costs and external failure costs are both costs of quality. Internal failure costs result when defects are discovered before the product ships to the customer. The cost to rework the product are internal failure costs. Other examples are the cost of downtime, waste, a

53、nd net scrap cost. External failure costs result when the customer discovers the defect. The costs of correcting the defect include warranty, repair, and service costs, product liability recalls, product liability lawsuits, and product returns.Diff: 1Terms: internal failure costs, external failure c

54、ostsObjective: 4AACSB: Reflective thinkingMAL: This question is not available in MyAccountingLab.Objective 51) A processing cycle efficiency (PCE) of 14% indicates better efficiency than a PCE of 50%.Answer: FALSEExplanation: A processing cycle efficiency (PCE) of 14% indicates poorer efficiency tha

55、n a PCE of 50%.Diff: 2Terms: processing cycle efficiencyObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking2) When using a just-in-time manufacturing, a problem anywhere in the system can stop all production.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Terms: just-in-time manufacturingObjective: 5AACSB: Reflective thinking3) Implementing a just-in-time manufacturing sys