红字a的象征意义英文

1、红字 a 的象征意义英文 【篇一：红字 a 的象征意义英文】according to original work, a in fact means adultory, however, at the night when the governor dies, theletter a appearing in the sky is regarded as angel and as hester gains a strange influence, somepeople relate a with able.【篇二：红字 a 的象征意义英文】symbolism of the letter a th

2、roughout the scarlet letter a 方蒂蒂江西农业大学 2004 届毕业生 fang didi class 2004 jiangxiagriculture university abstract: there have been a lot ofarguments over the diversity of symbol over the past years.however, nathaniel hawthorne is successful in employingsymbolic techniques and lays great emphasis on the

3、diversityof symbol. the scarlet letter written by nathaniel hawthorne isundoubtedly been considered as his masterpiece, is praised asone of the greatest novels and regarded as the first symbolicnovel in american literature. this novel includes many profound and important symbols, and the author s sy

4、mbolicstyle has the rich flavors of emotion and conforms to noconventional pattern. hawthorns symbolism, especially thesymbolic letter a helps make the keynote of the story clearerand the characters to the life. the changing symbolic meaningsthroughout the novel are the best expressed by the letter

5、a .this paper attempts to discuss the diversity of symbolism inthis novel, i.e. the changing symbolic meanings of the scarletletter a , and their manifestations. key words: nathaniel hawthorne; the scarlet letter; symbols; symbolism; thediversity 象征的多义性曾引 起过不少争议 , 然而纳撒尼尔 霍桑却出色地运用了 象征主义手法和成功地突出强调了 象征

6、的多义性 . 红字 无庸质疑地被认为是霍桑最杰出 的作品 , 也被赞誉为美国文学上最出 色小说, 同时也是美国第一部象征小说 . 这部小说包含了 很多意味深 远而且重要的象征 , 作者的象征手法具有浓郁的感情色彩 , 不拘于传统形式. 作者通过象征手法 , 尤其是具有象征意义字母 a 使得文章主线清晰, 并且给人物注入了 生命力 . 字母 a 作为最具代表的例子是其在小说中含义的变化 . 本文试从红字 a 象征意义的多义性， 讨论红字 中的字母 a 的象征手法 . : 纳撒尼尔 霍桑; 红字 ; 象征; 象征主义; 多义性 the introduction to nathaniel hawth

7、orne and hisintention of writing the scarlet letter. nathaniel hawthorne wasborn in an impoverished noble new england s family, thedescendent of a long line of puritan ancestors. among hisancestors, 2 generations were big wheels in organs of powerof unite of religion and politics in colony areas. th

8、ey persecuted heterodoxy by zealot of puritan. lonely childhoodbranded his personality with melancholy and taciturn. after hisfather was lost at sea when he was only four, his motherbecame overly protective and pushed him toward moreisolated pursuits. his childhood left him overly shy andbookish, an

9、d molded his life as a writer. hawthorne turned towriting after his graduation from bowdon college. thoughhawthorne attacked the harmful religious zealots and stiflingreligious doctrines of garvin, he viewed on the world withreligious sense of good and devil in his deep heart. hesummed up the social

10、 contradiction, which he didn t understand and was caused by the development of capitalismas abstract evil . as he said, the source of social evilscontradictions among individuals phenomenon of crime werenot in the material social life, but were caused by intrinsic evilin inner world of man. so hawt

11、horne wrote that the resolutionto social problems started with the omnipresent evil . he saidthat once the internal world was purified, many sin loafingabout external world would disappear. his focusing on theabstract evil decided his writing trend mostly. he preferreddescribing trans-natural, weird

12、, horrible scenes or dark,unusual psychological activities in order to explore the rootsof all kinds of social hidden evil . he said himself only loyal tothe truth of heart, comprising the heart to a winding andextending cave and the writing to driving actively in ourcommon human nature . so he usua

13、lly analyzed a person spsychology cutting off social conditions peeled off the evilexisting in everyone s heart layer off layer. hawthorne focusedon the problem of guilt cared for the deeper psychology andhis major novels generally dealt with sensational material, likepoisoning, murder, adultery, an

14、d crime, because he wasambitious to explore the result of sin, the effect on humanconscience of guilt, pride, egotism, and isolation. his exploration of the soul resulted from his skeptical attitudetoward the limited social reality that was characterized by arapid change in almost all aspects of soc

15、ial life, and from hisseclusion of thinking. the central subject of hawthorne s majorworks was the human soul. according to him, there is evil inevery human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, throughthe whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity. so inalmost every book he writes, h

16、awthorne discusses sin and evil.for example, in another his novel endicott and the red cross,he describes a pretty woman also wears a scarlet letter on hercloth. human s characters are complex and elusive anddifficult to see through. so it s no right to define the human scharacter good or evil simpl

17、y and cleanly. just because of thecomplexity of the human character and the difference of thestandards of good and evil, these literatures are so readableand fascinating magnetically. just because he lived in an agewhen the dynamic influence of puritanism was gone and theimpact of romanticism and tr

18、anscendentalism was large feltamong the intellectuals, and thus his view of man and humanhistory originates, to a great extent, is puritanism. the sensibility led to his understanding of evil being at the verycore of human life, which is typical of the calvinistic belief thathuman beings are basical

19、ly depraved and corrupted, hence,they should obey god to atone for their sins. just as i mentionabove, in many of his stories and novels, the puritan conceptof life is condemned, or the puritan past is shown in an almosttotally negative light, especially in his the scarlet letter. hawthorne is attra

20、cted in every way to the puritan world, eventhough he condemns its less humane manifestations. in thisparticular novel, hawthorne does not intend to tell a love storynor a story of sin, but focuses his attention on the moral,emotional, and psychological effects or consequences of thesin on the peopl

21、e in general and those main characters inparticular, so as to show us the tension between society andindividuals. as a man of literary craftsmanship, hawthorne isextraordinary. the structure and the form writings are alwayscarefully worked out to cater for the thematic concern. with hisspecial inter

22、est in the psychological aspect of human beings,there isn t much action or physical movement going on in hisworks and he is good at exploring the complexity of humanpsychology. so his drama is full of mental activities. thoughtpropels action and grows organically out of the interaction ofthe charact

23、ers, as we can find in this novel. the generalintroduction of symbolism just as characterization anddialogue and plot work on the surface to move the story along,symbolism works under the surface to tie the storys externalaction to the theme. early in the development of the fictionalnarrative, symbo

24、lism was often produced through allegory,giving the literal event and its allegorical counterpart a one-to-one correspondence. symbolism operates on the level of theunconscious. this does not mean that the author himself isunconscious of the process of creating symbolism - merelythat we, as readers,

25、 accept its input without really understanding how it works. symbolism, therefore, is anintegral component of fiction, because it enriches the narrativeby pulling its message down to the level of our unconsciousness and anchoring it there. developed in the late19th century, symbolism is an art movem

26、ent characterized bythe representation of the inner life of people through spiritualsymbols and ideas. it began as a rejection of the purely visualrealism of the impressionists, and the rationality of theindustrial age, in order to depict the symbols of ideas.traditionally modeled pictorial depictio

27、ns are replaced orcontrasted by flat mosaic-like surfaces decoratively embellished with figures and design elements. symbolism inliterature is the deepness and hidden meaning in a piece ofwork. it is often used to represent a moral or religious belief orvalue. without symbolism literature is just a

28、bunch of meaningless words on paper. n. hawthorne successfully usesthe symbolism device in his novel and makes his novel thescarlet letter become an immortal famous work. in the scarletletter he uses the concept of nature such as the jail, burdock,pig-weed, apple-peru, wild rose, scaffold, forest et

29、c. and fourmajor characters names: hester prynne, asher dingmeistale,roger chillingworth, pearl to show symbolism. but the mostsignificant symbol that is shown throughout the novel is thescarlet letter a . the letter a represents different things to eachof the characters and the town s people. this

30、paper will focuson the important role the letter a plays and how it changes itsmeanings throughout the story. the diversity of symbolsymbol and symbolism in dictionary, a symbol is a one-termcomparison. for example, if we compare a hat to a cloud, thecloud is the symbol replacing the hat as its perf

31、ect substitute.as a result, symbols can be interpreted both those in dreamsand those brought about by free associations or coming fromcultural and spiritual representations. symbolism is thesystematic or creative use of arbitrary symbols as abstractedrepresentations of concepts or objects and the di

32、stinct relationships in between, as they define both context and thenarrower definition of terms. in a narrow context, symbolism isthe applied use of any iconic representations. on the diversityof symbol from the content of the scarlet letter the letter atotally appears about 150 times in this novel

33、. in chapter 2: onthe breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with anelaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread,appeared the letter a. is the first time the letter appears. then itcomes out more. especially in chapters 5 and 8, the scarletletter frequently appears. the le

34、tter is throughout the novelbesides the chapters 1,9 and 20. from this pinot, we can seewhy the novel is called the scarlet letter. in this novel, we cansee the scarlet letter a is just like a magnet which connectswith all the people and each setting, details. according topuritanism, the scarlet let

35、ter symbolizes a shame, sin ofadultery. in addition, the description of the characters makesthe symbolic meanings of the letter a reflected to the full.hester prynne she is a heroine in the scarlet letter. the writergives her much symbolic meaning by giving her this name.hester sounds like hestier,

36、a beautiful goddess in greekmythology. this gives people a sense that hester is a passionate beautiful woman. in the novel, she is the symbol ofthe truth and the beauty. she is the one who dares to love, topursue her love. her own strong will helps her to come throughall the difficulties. arthur dim

37、mesdale he is one major characterin this novel. he is a revered minister. from the name of arthurdimmesdale, people can get ad as the first letters. in this way,we can see clearly that ad is stands for adultery .the writer tellsus he is the partner of hester obviously. the word dimmesdalealso has sy

38、mbolic meanings. dim means dark and weak, anddale means valley, so the dimdale here is actually a symbol ofthe dim-interior of the poor clergyman. he is the partner buther dares not admit the fact. he was hypocritical and coward.chillingworth he is another major character in this novel. he isan ugly

39、 man who gives his best years to knowledge caringnothing for hester. not having any common ideology with her.his name-chillingworth, is compound with chilling and worth.chilling means cold, and indeed, he is cold in his mind. heshows no love to his wife, not to mention others. what is worthto him? h

40、ave finding out the arthur dimmesdale is the father ofpearl, he begins to avenge on the former. to him, avenge is theonly thing which is to doing in the world. pearl she is anillegitimate child of hester and arthur, the writer describespearl as an effective and dynamic character; she is the livingsy

41、mbol of the scarlet letter, acting as a constant reminder ofhester s sin. from her name pearl , people can see that a pearlis a beautiful object found inside an ugly oyster. she is hermother s treasure, the source of her survival. she is just likethe sunshine to her mother. without her, hester would

42、 havedied. from the pattern of the structure of narrative the patternof the structure of narrative novel itself is a symbol. in thisnovel, there are two main chains. able the 1st: a (adultery)angel admirable the 2 nd: concealment uncover at thebeginning of the story, the letter is a symbol of adulte

43、ry. as thestory goes, because of hester s kindheartedness and her virtue,the letter a is becoming the symbol of able , angel , andadmirable . meanwhile, there is a scarlet letter inside of arthur,when tortures him much. he is self-condemned from time totime. in the misery of 7 years, he decides not

44、to conceal thesecret anymore. the diversity of the letter a the historicalsetting in 1920, a boat filled with more than one hundredpeople sailed across the atlantic ocean to settle in the newworld, this religious group had began to question the belief ofthe church of england and they wanted to separ

45、ate from it.those people are so called pilgrims. the pilgrims settled inwhat is the state of massachusetts. there, they developedpuritanical religion. before the 18th century, puritans had setup the theocratic politics in ma. in the scarlet letter, life wascentered with a rigid, puritanistic-structu

46、red society in whichone is unable to divulge his or her innermost thoughts andsecrets. every human being needed the opportunity to expresshow he truly felt, or the emotion is bottled up until it becomesvolatile. unfortunately, puritan society did not permit thisexpression, so people had to seek alte

47、rnate means in order torelieve themselves. luckily, at least for the four maincharacters, hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the formof the mysterious forest. the gist of the scarlet letter in theearly 1600s, in boston, a young woman named hester prynnewas found to be guilty of adultery. because

48、 of this crime, shewas forced to wear a scarlet letter a on the breast of her gown.she also had to stand on the stocks for three hours with herbaby in her arms so all the people could see her shame. somepeople said she would have been condemned to death if thekind reverend arthur dimmesdale hadnt sp

49、oken on her behalf.as she stood on the platform, a strange-looking man came outof the nearby forest. hester appeared upset, and the man puthis finger to his lips as a sign of silence. hester was known inthe community to be from a good family in antwerp, belgium.she had married an old scholar and had

50、 been sent by him tothe new world. her husband was to follow shortly, but his shipwas lost at sea. she had lived quietly in boston until the time ofthis disgrace. now, standing on the stocks, the localdignitaries called on her to name the man who shared her guilt.reverend dimmesdale spoke to her the

51、 most about this.nevertheless, she refused. she was taken back to prison. inprison, hester became very disturbed. a call sent out for adoctor, and a man who called himself roger chillingworth cameforth. he told the jailer hed just arrived in town after living withindians for a year. he was the one h

52、ester had seen while shestood on the scaffold, and she found out the man was hermissing husband. he wanted hester to speak out the name ofthe childs father, but she refused. he swore hed found outsomething for himself, and he asked her not to reveal that hewas her husband. she agreed. hester finally

53、 settled down withher daughter in a small cottage near the town. she called thelittle girl pearl, and she dressed her colorfully. she earned herliving doing needlework, and always she wore the a on herbreast. pearl was a spry and lively child, and some churchmembers wanted to take her away from hest

54、er, whom they sawas an unfit mother. when hester went to the governor to askhim to help her keep pearl, reverend dimmesdale spoke on herbehalf. the governor agreed to let them stay together.meanwhile, roger chillingworth and arthur dimmesdale were living in the same boarding house, and theybecame ve

55、ry close. as chillingworth got to know the reverendbetter, he discovered that the reverend suffered greatly fromguilt. most people thought the reverend was only beingrighteous, but chillingworth suspected that dimmesdalehimself might be pearls father.one night dimmesdale couldntsleep, so he went for

56、 a walk. when he got to the stocks, heclimbed up to find out what it felt like. just then hester andpearl walked by, and the reverend called them to join him.when all three stood there, dimmesdale cried out in shame thathe was indeed pearls father. chillingworth, in the shadows,watched the entire sc

57、ene. hester recognized that dimmesdalewas very sick, and she believed that chillingworth was drivinghim ever deeper into ill health. when she encountered herformer husband in the forest, she begged him to leave thereverend alone. he refused, so she told him shed tell dimmesdale of her relationship w

58、ith chillingworth. when shedid this, dimmesdale made plans with her to leave the colonytogether, with pearl, in secret. they would leave in four daysand would return to europe. the day they were to sail, hesterlearned that chillingworth had also made plans to leave andwould, in fact, be on the same ship. hester was filled withdespair. after the reverend gave what would be his finalsermon, he weakly left the church with others of his congregation. they proceeded down the street until theyapproached hester and pearl, who were standing near thestocks. dimmesdale then took them by the hands and