状语从句讲解及习题附答案

1、状培从旬（一）状语从句概述定义状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。位置状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后， 时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用 逗号和主句隔开。分类根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、 让步、方式和比较等状语从句。作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句 子。（二）状语从句详解1.时间状语从句引导词用法示例whe n意为“当的时候”。When引导从句的谓语 动词可以是延续性动 词，也可以是瞬间动 词。并且when有时表 示“就在那时”A 1 iar i s not be 1ieved whe n he speaks the trut

2、h.说谎者讲真话时 也没有人相信。When he arr ives, 1 1 1 ca 1 1 you.Whe n you laugh and smi1e,yourbodyre 1 axeswhile意为“在的时候，While 1 was standing at在的同时”。Whi lethe window,1 saw引导从句的谓语动词severa1 boys running必须是延续性的，发a 1ong the street.生时间较长，并强调While John was watching主句和从句的动作同TV,h i s wife was时发生（或者相对cook i ng.应）。While有

3、时还可以表示对比。as意为一边一 边”。As引导的动作 是延续性的，发生时 间较短，一般用于主 句和从句动作同时发 生；as也可以强调一 前一后。The wr i ter was angry as he was trave 11i ng on a tra i n to London because some one had in vaded hi sspace” He smiled cup.is he stoodafter意为“在之后”。表Withmanyhungry示主句动作发生在从v i s i torswa i ting,句动作之后。主句与don, t stay too long at从

4、句的动作时间关系your t ab 1 eafter you与before引导的从句have finished.相反。1 f an ear 1y exit i snecessary,you can1 eave aftera seene i sover before意为“在之前”。引You can， twatch TV导的从句不用否定形before youfinish your式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位 于主句之后，有时译 成“就，才”。当主句 用将来时，从句总是 用现在时；如果 before引导的从句谓 语用的是过去时，则 主句动词多用过去完 成时，这样以便体现 动作的先后。ho

5、meworkBefore it ended, the theatre was aImost emp ty.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arr i ved.ti 1 1意为“直到”。一般情 况下可以和unti 1互 换。如果主句中的谓 语动词是瞬时动词 时，必须用否定形式； 如果主句中的谓语动 词是延续性动词时， 用肯定和否定形式都 可以，但表达的意思 不同。She didn, t even know thatitwasanear thquake till she saw a shak i ng ( mov i ng

6、from side to side) 1ight.The f i reman worked very hard till the fi re was out.unt i 1意为“直到”。在强调 句型中多用unti 1 o如 果主句中的谓语动词 是瞬时动词时，必须 用否定形式；如果主 句中的谓语动词是延 续性动词时，用肯定 和否定形式都可以， 但表达的意思不同。1 m waiting for my sister. 1 won t go to see my unc1e until she comesWait unti11 finishwhat 1 am doings i nee意为“自从，从以 来

7、”。引导从句的谓语 动词可以是延续性的 动词，也可以是瞬时 动词。一般情况下， 从句谓语动词用一般 过去时，而主句的谓 语动词用现在完成 时。但在It is +时间 +s i nee从句的句型 中，主句多用一般现1 have bee n st udy ing hard since 1 entered the high schoolIt is four years sinee my si ster 1i ved in Be i j i ng.It is five years months since our boss was not in Bei j ing.在时。as soon意为一就”。引T

8、om will ca 1 1 me as soonas导时间状语从句时，as he gets home如果主句用了将来1 will ca 1 1 you as soon时，从句一般使用现as 1 arrive在时。2.地点状语从句引导词用法示例where意为“哪里”。“where引Where there i s a导的地点状语从句，will, there i s a way.(there+ )主句哪Theyweregood里哪里就”。主句在persons Where they从句后面时，there可用wen t,t here t hey可不用；主句在从句的werewarmly前面时，一般都不用

9、welcomedthere.You shou1d have putthe book where youfound it.wherever意为“无论何地”。 anywhere/wherever 弓I 导地点状语从句+主句。 anywhere本身是个副 词，但是常可以引导从 句，相当于连词，意思 相当于 wherever, anywhere引导的从句可 位于主句之前，也可以 位于主句之后。而 wherever本身就是个连 词，表示“在何处，无 论何处”。Wherever the sea i s, youwi11findseama n.Ill go anywhere you go.3.条件状语从句引

10、导词用法示例if连词，意为“假如，Don t talk 1 oud 1 y at如果”。当主句是将来 时的时候，从句要用 一般现在时。the meeting. If you do, you wi 1 1 have to leaveWe 11 go for a picnic if it doesn t rain this weekendun1 ess连词，意为除非（二if not）o当主句是将来 时的时候，从句要用 一般现在时。Don, t d i scuss the prob 1ems with your partner uni ess you are asked to do so.1 won

11、, t go there uni ess you come with me.4.原因状语从句引导词用法示例as意为“因为”。引导原 因状语从句时表示附 带。说明“双方已知As the weather i s co 1 d,1 stay at home的原因”，语气比 s i nee弱，较为正式， 位置较为灵活（常放 于主句之前）。As it is raining, you, d better take a tax i.As you are tired, you, d better rest.s i nee意为“因为”。引导的Since the ear th 1 ooks原因状语从句一般放1 i

12、 ke a ba 1 1, the sun can于主句之前表示已知shine on only half of it的、显然的理由（通at a ti me.常被翻译成“既然”），Since the race is in较为正式，语气比Apr i 1,1 had to runbecause 弱。throughout the winter,and in Boston, wintersare co 1dSince everybodyi shere Lets begin ourmee t i ng.because意为“因为”。引导的Thewomanprefers原因状语从句一般放winter beca

13、use she can于主句之后，表述直接原因，语气较强， 最适合why引导的疑 问句。Because引导 的原因状语从句有时 可以与because of短 语互换。skate.1，d 1 ike to col lect stamps because they are i nt eres t i ng.1 m very t ired these daysbecauseofstudying physics.He can t come because he i s ill. = He can t come because of hi s i 11nessfor意为“因为”。引导的 原因状语从句并不

14、说 明主句行为发生的直 接原因，只提供一些 辅助性的补充说明， for引导的原因状语 从句只能放于主句之 后，并且必须用逗号He must be ill, for he i s absent today.He cou1d not have seen me, for 1 was not there.将其与主句隔开。5.目的状语从句引导词用法示例so that意为“以至，以便”。Try to speak 1 oud eno ugh目的状语的谓语常含so that peop1e can hear有 may, might, can,you c1 ear 1y.cou1d,shou1d,Mr. Gree

15、n speaks verywou 1 d等情态动词。1 oud 1 y so that a 1 1 thepeop 1 e can hear himc 1 ear 1 y.i n order意为“为了 ”，相当于We sha 1 1 let you know thethatso that, i n order todet ails soon i n order后面可以跟动词原形that you can/may make a构成目的状语，不是arrangements.目的状语从句。6. 结果状语从句引导词用法示例sothat意为“如此以至Th i s year it has于”。rained s

16、o heavi ly inSouth Ch i na thatso+ adj. /adv.原级1 ots of prob 1 ems are+that, so是副词，只caused.能修饰形容词和副词。so还可与表示数量的The ice on the lake形容词 many, few,was so t h i n thatmuch, 1 i tt 1 e （这四个peop1ecou1dn t形容词表示多或少时）skate on it.连用，形成固定搭配。Too often, we spendso+ many 或 few+复数somucht i me可数名词+that; so+thinking

17、 about themuch或1 i tt 1 e+不可数future that we fa i 1名词+that.toenjoythepresent.There are so fewnotebooks that 1can t give you any.suchthat意为“如此以至 于”。有三种结构： such+a (an) +ad j. + 单数 不可数名词+that; such (+adj.) +不可数名 词 +that; such (+adj.) +复数可数名词 +that, such是形容词， 修饰名词或名词词组。有时可与sothat句 型转换。It ssuchawonderfu1s

18、ongthat we a 1 11 i keit.Sim onissuchdi shonest person thatnoonebe 1ieves himThe boy i s so young that he can t go to schoo1 二 He i s such a young boy that he can t go to school.7 让步状语从句引导词用法示例though意为“虽然”。不能和butSo it has 1ived up连用。但是可以同to now though i tyet (still)连用,构成i sn t strong atthoughyet (st

19、ill).all.though较普遍，常用于非 正式的口语和书面语中。Though t hey aretwinbrothers,even能和though组合表they don t1 ook示强调，在这里even1ike each other.though二eveni f (nomatter if; though 即使Eveni f/Even也)othough可以独立用though wecould作副词，常放在句末，意afford it, wewou 1 d为a 1 1 the same (还是；仍affordit,we然)或however (可是；然wou1dn, tgo而)。abroad f

20、orourvaca t i on.although意为“虽然”。不能和butAlthough hed i ed连用。但是可以同severa1 yearsago,yet (still)连用，构成1canstilla 11houghyet (st ill).remember thedaysalthough较为正式，语气we spent together比though重,常用以强调 让步概念。even不能和 a 1 though 组合。and what he has t augh t me abo ut love.Alt hough we had 1ittle food with us, we de

21、cided to spend the night in the car8. 比较状语从句引导词用法示例asas. 意为“和一样”。表 示同级的比较。使用时 要注意第一个as为副 词，第二个as为连词。 其基本结构为： as+adj./adv.原级 +aso若有修饰成分， 如twice,threeShe i s very good at pa i nting.She canpa int as wel 1 as here teacher.1 ran out as quickly as poss i b1et i mes,ha 1 f,aquarter等，则须置于 第一个as之前。not as /意

22、为“和不一样，不She i s not so (as )so as如”。也表示同级比较。outgoingashers i ster.Th i s d i ct i onaryi snot as/so usefu1asyou think.9.方式状语从句引导词用法示例as/ (just) as. so意为“犹如，就像”。When i n Rome,引导的方式状语从do as the句通常位于主句后，Romans do.但在As water i s to(just) as. 纟吿fish, so a i r构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的 含义，意为“正如， 就像”，多用于正式 文体。i s

23、to man.as i f/ as though意为“就像，好像”。1 f wou 1 d never两者的意义和用法forgethere相同，引出的状语从smi1e, or the句谓语多用虚拟语way her eyes气，表示与事实相shone as i f we反，有时也用陈述语were the same气，表示所说情况是age.事实或实现的可能It looks as if性较大。常译作“仿the weather佛似的，好像似may pick up的”。very soon.练习一单项填空1. he s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. T

24、hough B. Since C. For D. So2. Do you know if he to play basketball withus1 think he wi I I come if hefree tomorrowA. comes; i s B. comes; wi I I be C. will come; i s D.wi I I come; wi I I be3. In the zoo if a child into the water and can tswim, the dolphins may come uphim.A. wi I I fall; to help B.

25、fa I Is; to help C. wi I I fall;he Ip D. falls; he Ip ing4. I don, t remember he worked in that city whenhe was youngA. whatB which C.whereD. who5. We wi I Istay at homei f myauntto visit ustomorrow.A. comes B. come C wi I I come D. is coming6 The pol ice asked the chi Idrencross the street the traf

26、fic Iights turned greenA. not; before B. don, t; when C not to; until D.not; after7. I was late for c I ass yes terdayt here wassome thing wrong with my b i ke.A. when B. that C unti I D. because8. I II go swimming w ith you i f I free to morrow.A. w i I I be B. sha I I be C. am D. was9. In the exam

27、, the you are, themistakes you wiI I make.A. carefu I; little B more carefuI ; fewest C morecarefuI; fewer D. more carefuI; I ess10. You shouId finish your Iessonsyou go out toplay.A. before B. after C. when D. while11. I hurr iedI wouldt be late for classA. sinee B. so that C. as if D. unless12. Wh

28、en you read the book, you d better make a mark you have any questions.A. which B. that C. where D. though13. The teacher ra i sed his voicea I I the studentscouId hear him.A. for B. so that C. because D. in orderhe feIt hot.14. He took off hi s coatA. because B. asC. if D. sinee15. It isthat we d I

29、i ke to go out for a wa I k.A. a I ove I y dayB. too lovely a day C so lovelya day D. such lovely a day16. Mary hadmuch work to do that she stayed at heroffice a I I day.A. suchB. so C. too D. very17. I fel t very t ired, I t r i ed to fin ish the work.A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if18. the da

30、y went on, the weather got worseA. With B. Sinee C. While D. As19. we I I you can dr i ve, you must dr i ve carefu I I y.A. So long asB. In order that C. No matter howD. The moment20. Wr i te to me as soon as youto Bei j ing.A. wi I I get B. get C. getting D. got二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1. 不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。I

31、 am not angry with him,jokesheon me.2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。Mrs Bruce waskind to her studentsthey her thei r mother.3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Our paren ts wi I I be p I eased with our performs neewe try our best.4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗Wi I I you p I ease ca I I meyou getto Shangha i 5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已

32、经坚持练习两年了。The seven-year-oId girl I i kes pI ay i ng the p i ano she has kept practicing for two years6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。, she kept on I earnjngEnglish by herself.7. 他长大后相当一名记者。He wants to be a journalist 8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。windy or rainy, our teacher is always thefi rst to get to school9. 如果人人为保护

33、环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。 to protecting theenvi ronment, the worId wi I I become much more beautiful.10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。D. didnt go; unti I ; toLi Ming didn9 t come to schooI5 . He back until the work done.A. isnt; wi I I be B. isnt; is C won11 be; wi I I be D. won11be; is6 They didn11 start the workthe i r

34、 teacher came back.A. until B. while C as soon as D. if7. Tom wi I I caI I me as soon as heShanghai.A. arr i ves B. wi I I reach C. arr i ves in D get to8. Im sure he1 I I come to see me before he Be i j i ng.A. wi I I leave B. i s I eav ing C leave D. I eaves9. I wi I I tel I him the news as soon a

35、s he backA. come B. comes C wi I I come D. came10. Tom has got a watch. He it for two years Itby his father.A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought , C wasbought; has bought D. has had; was bought11. When he got to the station, the train A. I eft B. had I eft C. I eaves D. has I eft12. The b

36、oy told h i s fat her wha t hei n the st ree tA. saw B. have seen C had seen D. see TV when the teI ephone A. watched; was ringing B. were watching; rang C watch;r i ngs D. are watching; rangthe end of I ast term, I ten booksA. had finished reading B. have finish reading C hadfinish to read D. finis

37、h read15. I you for a Iong time. Where you A. d i d nt see; did; go B. d idnf t see; have; goneC. have ntseen; have; been D. haven1t seen; have; gone16. Tom China for 3 years.A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has been at17. I wont go to see the film tonight, because Imyt i eke tA. lost Be

38、 have lost C. wi I I Iose D. didn11 lose! May I speak to Bob一Sorry, but he for a month.A. had been away B. was Ieft C. left D. has been away19. I him sinee I began to live in the city.A. know B. have known C. knew D. wi I I knowLan a I ready i n thi s school for two yearsA. was; studying B. will; st

39、udy C. has; studied D. are;study i ngdidnt go to see the film yesterday shewasill.A. because B. but Cuntil D. if22 May I sit nearerI can see more clearlyA. as if B. so thatC even if D. so23. you work hard, you wiI I certainly succeedA. Though B. If C. Because D. For24. he came to study i n the un i

40、vers ity, he has made much progress in the study of Eng Ii sh.A. While B. When C. Si nee D After25. Id I i keto go swimmi ngt he wa ter is not to ocold.A. for B. unI ess C. if D. whether26. There aremany league members in c I ass 2 i nClass 4.A. both; and B. so; that C either; or D. as; as27. 一Do yo

41、u have a big I ibrary一No, we don1t. At least, notyours.A. as big as B. as big than C. as bigger than D. biggeras28. Suzhou i s notbeautifulHangzhou.A. as; than B. so; as C even; than D /; than29. I ron is more usefuI any other metal.A. as B. than C. then D. so30. I want to know she is going to see a

42、 f i ImA. if B. that C. what D. which31. You are sure to pass the exam you study hardA. if B. thoughC. that D. sinee32. I I I go to see the film with youI have time thiseve n i ng.A. whether B. so C. i f D. when33. you study harder, you* I I never pass the final exam.A. If B. Unti I C. Unless D. Exc

43、ept34. Although it was raining,still worked in thefields.A. but they B. and they C. they D. and yet they35 t here were only five so I d i ers I ef t at the f ron t, they went on fighting.A. Because; so B. If; and C Though; but D. Though; /36. she i s very o I d, she can still work e i gh t hoursa day.A. Because; so B. Though; but C As; yet D. Though; yet37. Please