高中英语语法--非谓语考点归纳

1、2021/3/2612021/3/2622021/3/2632021/3/2652021/3/266不定式在七个感官动词不定式在七个感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三个使役动词三个使役动词let, have, make等后作宾补时等后作宾补时,to要省略要省略2021/3/267不定式作主语To +V+VWhen(疑问副词疑问副词)+to+V+VFor Sb.+to+V(1) To persevere means victory.(2) When to start remains undecided.(3) For us

2、 to be red and expert is not only necessary but also possible.（注）不定式作主语（注）不定式作主语,常用常用it 做形式主语改写成下列句型做形式主语改写成下列句型 2021/3/2681.It is +N+to+V2.It takes sb.+some time+to+V3.It is +Adj.+for+to+V4.It is +Adj+of sb.+to+V(1) It is our duty to support their struggle for liberation.(2) It only took us a year

3、to complete the project.It is hard for me to master English. 2021/3/269（注）用于这一句型的形容词只限于下列几个（注）用于这一句型的形容词只限于下列几个:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, impossible, unnecessary, important, 它们的共同特点是表示客它们的共同特点是表示客观情况观情况,不能改写成不能改写成be of sb. +to +V (1) Its kind of you to think so much of us. (2) Its unwise of

4、them to turn down the proposal.（注）后跟（注）后跟of sb.的形容词的形容词:kind, good, nice, clever, silly, wrong, right, wise, unwise, foolish, stupid, lazy, careless, cunning, rude, honest, naughty, impolite, considerate 以上在动词不定式前的以上在动词不定式前的for sb.或或of sb都可看成它的逻辑主语。都可看成它的逻辑主语。 2021/3/2610不定式作表语表示具体动作时表示具体动作时,特别是表示将来

5、动作时特别是表示将来动作时,多用不多用不定式作表语。定式作表语。1.To+V+is +to+V( 一是条件一是条件,一是结果一是结果)2.Pron. (N)+is (seem) +to+V(包括不定式完成包括不定式完成式或被动态式或被动态)3.What clause +is+to+V (表语说明主语内容表语说明主语内容) 2021/3/2611(1) To do two things at a time is to do neither.(2) She seemed to have heard about it already.The book seems to have been trans

6、lated into many languages already.(3) What I would suggest is to start work at once.(注注) to be的过去时的过去时,有时可和不定式的完成式构成谓语有时可和不定式的完成式构成谓语,表示一个想做而未做成的事。表示一个想做而未做成的事。He was to have given the first talk, but he came late. 2021/3/2612不定式作定语1.S+V+O（N）+to+V(主动态主动态) to+V(被动态被动态) to+V+Prep. in(on) which +to +V

7、2There is (are) +N+to+V(1) She has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening.Do you have anything more to say? （主动（主动,动宾）动宾）(2) Have you anything to taken to the city?（被动）（被动）(3)She has a lot of things to attend to2021/3/2613(4) It was a bad season in which to have outings.(5) There is no time to l

8、ose (to be lost).（注）（注）1.不定式做定语和被修饰词之间不定式做定语和被修饰词之间:（1） 表示将来的动作表示将来的动作（2） 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系与被修饰词之间有动宾关系（3） 抽象名词后做定语抽象名词后做定语,相当于一个形容词。相当于一个形容词。（4） 不及物动词做定语不及物动词做定语,要加适当的介词要加适当的介词,和被修饰词形成逻辑和被修饰词形成逻辑上的动宾关系上的动宾关系2.不定式做定语不定式做定语,在句中与被修饰词间有动宾关系在句中与被修饰词间有动宾关系,同时与句中其他词同时与句中其他词与词又有逻辑上主谓关系时与词又有逻辑上主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义仍用主动态

9、（例句尽管有被动含义仍用主动态（例句1）。如又有动宾关系而无逻辑上主谓关系）。如又有动宾关系而无逻辑上主谓关系,则仍用被动态。（见则仍用被动态。（见例句例句2）3.There is (are)的句型中的句型中,不定式含被动意思不定式含被动意思,用主动或被动形式均可。用主动或被动形式均可。 2021/3/2614不定式作宾语. 表表1S+V +TO+V在此句型中在此句型中,要求不定式做宾语的动词要求不定式做宾语的动词有有:manage, try, ask, offer, agree, expect, promise, want, begin, desire, learn, arrange, ho

10、pe, like, wish, decide, afford, pretend, (1) He offered to help us.(2) We must try to become one with the masses.(3) I did not expect to find you here.(4)He pretended not to see me. 2021/3/2615S+V+it +OC+to+V(1)The workers think it necessary to increase production.(2)Do you consider it impossible to

11、 get everything ready in time?表表3S+V+疑问代词疑问代词/疑问副词疑问副词+to+V要求要求when, how, whether, where, which, what,who (whom)等等+to +V做宾语的动词有做宾语的动词有:know, tell, teach, explain, discuss, consider, discover, guess, observe, find out, understand, wonder 2021/3/2616I dont know what to do. Where to go. Whom to ask. Wh

12、en to stop. How to get there Which one to buy Which one to buy Whether to laugh at or cry When I heard the words（注）在此句型中（注）在此句型中,if 不能代替不能代替whether ,疑问副词疑问副词why 不能和不定式在一起做宾语用于该句型不能和不定式在一起做宾语用于该句型。 2021/3/2617Prep. But/except/besides+to+ V/+V(1) He desired nothing but to succeed.(2) He did nothing bu

13、t cry.(3) Mary did nothing except clean the dishes(4) The windows were opened except to air the room for a few minutes in the morning.(5) That afternoon I had nothing to do besides answer.（注）在这些介词前无实意动词（注）在这些介词前无实意动词 do ,后跟不定式后跟不定式如有实意动词如有实意动词 do ,则跟动词原形则跟动词原形2021/3/2618cannot butcannot help but +Vc

14、annot choose but(1)I can not but admire the rich content of the book.(2)I cannot help but laugh.(3)They could not choose but obey. 2021/3/2619不定式做宾补V+O+to+V 要求要求verb to +V作宾补的动词有作宾补的动词有:Advise, cause, allow, ask, encourage, get, expect, force, wish, want, intend, invite, mean, permit, persuade, forb

15、id, warn, tell, compel, remind, teach, urge, hove, have, like, prefer.(1) They asked him to design a new workshop.(2) We cant allow the rain to spoil our day.(3)Id love them to come tonight. 2021/3/2620V+O+ to be要求要求verb to be 作宾补的动词有作宾补的动词有:consider, declare, find(=consider), prove, think, know, be

16、lieve, imagine, judge, suppose, feel(1) We know/believe/judge him to be reliable.(2) I should imagine/suppose him to be above 50.（注）（注）1. consider, declare, find, prove, think等动词等动词后的后的to be往往省略。如果不定式为完成式就不能省往往省略。如果不定式为完成式就不能省,如如:we consider heat (to be) a form of energy.We consider him to have been

17、 foolish.2021/3/26212 . know后要求不定式作宾补的其他用法后要求不定式作宾补的其他用法:have known +O+to +V或或 Vhave never known +o+Vnever knew +O+V宾补为完成式或宾补为完成式或know转为被动态时转为被动态时,作宾补的不定式必须带作宾补的不定式必须带to 1）I have known him (to) say this before.2)Ive never known him behave like this.3)I never knew him do anything without a very good

18、reason.4)I have never known her to have failed.5)He has never been known to say this before. (passive voice) 2021/3/2622V+O+V要求不带要求不带to的动词做宾补的动词有的动词做宾补的动词有:have, make, let., see, hear, feel, notice, observe, watch, listen to, look at1) Make foreign thing serve China.2) I didt hear anyone say anythin

19、g about it.3) It is quite amusing to look at other people play chess.(注注)1）这种句子如变成被动语态）这种句子如变成被动语态,to 不能不要不能不要They were made to work day and night.2021/3/26231） help 后的宾补后的宾补,可带可带to或不带或不带toMy brother often helps me (to) mend my bike.表表4 V+Prep.+O+to+V要求不定式作宾补的成语动词要求不定式作宾补的成语动词:Call on, count on, rel

20、y on, depend on, care for, ask for , wait for , long for, prepare for, wish for1) You can count on us to give you full support.2) You cant rely on him to assist you.3) Shall we ask for Mary to come too? 2021/3/2624不定式做状语表表1 目的状语目的状语To+V, S+VS+V+O, to+V(so as to, in order to)1) To get the best result

21、s, use clean water.2) He went home to see his mother.3) I turned the radio down so as not to disturb you.4) We go to school in order to get knowledge2021/3/2625表表2 原因状语原因状语be+Adj.+to+Vbe+P.P +to+VV+to+V本句型所示的不定式多是在表示感情的形容词本句型所示的不定式多是在表示感情的形容词,过去分词或动词之后过去分词或动词之后,它们是它们是:glad, happy, sorry, sad, surpri

22、sed, shocked, astonished, delighted, pleased, weep, cry, laugh, smile1) Im very glad to see you.She will be sorry to hear that.2) I was surprised to see her there.3)She wept to hear the news. 2021/3/2626表3结果状语1. Only +to+V2. Adj. (adv)+enough+ (for+O)+to+V3. too +adj.(adv.) +to+V4. so+adj.+as+to+V1)

23、 He worked hard only to fall again.She hurried back only to find her mother dying in a hospital.2) He is old enough to retire.This room is large enough for us five to sleep in.3) Im too tired to work any more.Germs are too small to be seen with the naked eye.4) Would you be so kind as to lend me you

24、r bicycle? 2021/3/26272021/3/26282021/3/26292021/3/26302021/3/26312021/3/26322021/3/26332021/3/26342021/3/2635表表4反射不定式作状语反射不定式作状语S+be+Adj.+to+V本句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语本句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式说不定式说明作表语的形容词明作表语的形容词,成为形容词的状语。主动成为形容词的状语。主动态具有被动含义态具有被动含义,不定式不能改为被动态。在不定式不能改为被动态。在该句型中被使用的形容词只有该句型中被使用的形容词只有:easy,hard,

25、difficult, dangerous, expensive, fit, possible, impossible, comfortable, dirty2021/3/2636(1)This question is impossible to answer.(2)English is difficult to learn.(3)Cars can be dangerous to drive.(4)A lorry in good condition is easy to drive.(5)The room is comfortable to live in.2021/3/26372021/3/2

26、6382021/3/26392021/3/2640Dso as to be receiving2021/3/26412021/3/26422021/3/2643left2021/3/26442021/3/26452021/3/26461.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont know _.A. to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to doB. 2. His voice made me _ terrible.C. To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt

27、D. 3. My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble.E. never laugh at B. not to laugh at C. dont laugh at D. not laugh atD. 4. Its bad manners _ rude to people.A. to be B. are C. be D. to beingB. 5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the games.C. A. of B. to C. for D. at2021/3/26476.The pur

28、pose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects8.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. le

29、arn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone2021/3/26482021/3/26492021/3/26502021/3/26512021/3/26522021/3/26532021/3/26542021/3/26552021/3/26562021/3/26572021/3/26582

30、021/3/26592021/3/2660V-ing 形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义, 相当于一个对应的状语从句相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思所表达的意思. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.Being ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he

31、 didnt go to school. Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式）（方式）2021/3/2661If you use your head, you will find a way. Though weighing almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand. We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随）伴随）解析1.当当v-i

32、ng形式作状语时形式作状语时,若它所表示的动作若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前发生在谓语动作之前,需用需用having done2. v-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致语保持一致;否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语=Using your head, you will find a way.= Though it weighes 2021/3/26622021/3/26632021/3/26642021/3/26652021/3/26662021/3/26672021/3/26682021/3/26692021/3/267020

33、21/3/2671过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语过去分词作状语,修饰谓语修饰谓语,大多说明动作发生的背景或情大多说明动作发生的背景或情景景,表示表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。一般说等。一般说来来,这一结构的这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.b、表示表示条件条件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetable

34、s will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.2021/3/2672c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示、表示让步让步Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daugh

35、ter.She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.2021/3/26732021/3/26742021/3/26752021/3/26762021/3/26772021/3/26782021/3/26792021/3/26802021/3/26812021

36、/3/26822021/3/26832021/3/2684非谓语动词练习非谓语动词练习2021/3/2685Can you spare me some time? Im afraid not. I have lots of letters _.A.doing with B. to do for C. to deal D. to deal withI cant understand _ at that poor child.A.you to laugh B. you laughingC. you laughD. why laugh2021/3/2686Dont use words, expres

37、sions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. 02A.being knownB. having knownC. to be knownD. known_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. 02A. Exposed B. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed2021/3/2687The discovery of new evidence led to _. 03A.the thi

38、ef having caughtB.B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caughtGenerally speaking, when _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 03A.takingB. takenC. to takeD. to be taken2021/3/2688_ more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.To give B.Having given

39、 C.Given D.GivingI would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone2021/3/2689There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. 03A. that, to be improvedB. which, to be improv

40、edC. where, improvingD. when, improving2021/3/2690The day we looked forward to _ . A.come B.coming C.has come D.have comeThe disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party. 04A. recorded B. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded2021/3/2691She set out soon after dark, home an h

41、our later. Aarriving Bto arrive Chaving arrived Dand arrivedThe students expected there_ more reviewing classes before the find exam. Ais Bbeing Chave been Dto be2021/3/2692_ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 05A.Put B. Putting

42、C. Having put D. Being putHe is rather difficult to make friends with, but the friendship of his, _, is truer than any other. A. once gained B. when to gain C. after gained D. while gaining2021/3/2693The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.havi

43、ng been written B. to be written C. being written D. writtenThe visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having addedB. to addC. adding D. added2021/3/2694The bell _ the end of the class rang, _ our heated discussion. 01A.indicating, interrup

44、tingB. indicated, interruptingC. indicating, interruptedD. indicated, interruptedThe salesman scolded the girl caught _ and left her off.A.to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing2021/3/2695The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (04江苏卷江苏卷) A. to wo

45、rk B. working C. to have worked D. having workedYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done2021/3/2696Is this the watch you wish _?A.to have repaired B.B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. will be repairedThis is th