主谓一致的基本原则

1、主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则:1）语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如， 主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是 复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。例如：The students are very young. This picturelooks beautiful .2）意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如, 主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数， 谓语动词也米取单数形式。1. The people in that country are fighting forindependence .2. The

2、 crowd deeply respect their leader.3. Three years in a strange land seemsa long time .3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最 靠近它的词语。例如：Neither he nor I amgoing to see the film tonight because we are busy .Either .or2主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则，主谓一致有如下用法：1）下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式a. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语 动词通常用单数形式。例如：1. Two hun d

3、red miles is a long dista nee2. Te n dollars is a high price for that book.b. 由 anyone，anything ，anybody, no one, nothing ， every one，everybody，everythi ng ，some one somebody each，either ， neither 等不定代词作主 语，谓语动词使用单数形式。例如：1.Some one is knocking at the door .2.Anything is better than going to the movi

4、e tonight .c. 由“ a series of ，a kind of ，a portion of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：A series of debates is scheduled to be held n ext week.d. 由“ many a, more than one + 单数名词”作主语， 尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。 例如：Manya person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break .There is more tha n one an swer to yo

5、ur questi one. “名词+and+名词”作主语，表示同一人、同一概 念或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A writer and educator is giving a lecture now.（这 个人既是作家又是教育家）A writer and a educatorf. either （neither） + of +复数名词（或代词）作 主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1f either of you takes a vacation now, we willnot be able to finish the work.2.Neither of them wants to

6、come .g. 在 eachand each ,every and every 等结 构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Each man and each woma n has the right to vote .h. 动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时，谓语动词一 般用单数形式。例如：What I want to say is none of your bus in ess.Liste ning to the classical music is enjoyable.i .以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如politics（ 政治学），mathematics（数学）， statist

7、ics（ 统计学），acoustics（声学），linguistics（ 语言学）等，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Mathematics is what he majors in .2）下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。 （意义一致 ）a. 由“all, none, no, most, half , the last , the rest ， the remainder+of+ 名词”等不定代词作主语， 谓语动词单复数形式由 of 后名词的单复数而定。例 如：None of the food is wasted .None of the students were absen

8、t .The rest of the lecture was dull.The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday.b. 由lots of , heaps of , loads Of , scads of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由 of 后名词的单 复数而定。例如：Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon . There is loads of milk on the farm.There are loads

9、 of big red apples on the ground . There is heaps of fun .c. 由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语， 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于 of 后名词或代词的单 复数形式。例如：Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam3）下列结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义 而定。a. 由“the+形容词”这种结构作主语，根据意义一 致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人 （ 如 the r

10、ich ， the poor ， the blind ， the deaf ， the sick ， the young， the old） ，谓语动词用复数形 式；如果表示个人或抽象概念， 谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：The blind are taught trades in specialschools .（ 表示一类人 ）The good in him overweighs the bad .（ 表示抽象概念）The departed was a good friend of his .（ 表示个人）b. family ， crowd ， committee ， class ， aud

11、ience ， group ， government， team， public ， majority ， minority 等集合名词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义 而定。例如：The family like to listen to the music . （the family 指这家人，用作复数 ）The family is small （the family 指这个家庭，用 作单数）The committee has considered your proposal （the committee 指委员会，用作单数 ）The committee were arguing for

12、 an hour before they gave their votes （the committee 指委员会的 委员们，用作复数 ） 下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般 单复数均可 。a. 以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时， 谓语动词一般 单复数均可。例如：Five and six make makes eleven Seven times ten are seventy 但是： Twenty from thirty leaves tenSix sevens are forty-two.b 由 one in out of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词单 复数均可。例如：One in ten wer

13、e was present 下列结构作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式 。由and或bothand连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时，一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如：A girl and a boy want to go Both rice and wheat are grown in that country6) 下列结构作主语， 谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况 而定。a 由 as well as ， together with ， besides, like ， along with ，with but ，except ， accompanied by ， rather than ， includi

14、ng 连接两个名词作主语，谓语 单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。例如： The president of the college ， together with the deans， is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations The young mother with her two children is coming nowThe plant manager ，like many technicians， isexperienced in designing new produc

15、ts b. “名词+of+名词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式跟of 前的名词一致。例如：The picture of the children 孩子的照片 brings back many memories of my past experiences .The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful .c. 由 not only but also either or, neither nor 或 or 连接的并列主语， 通常根据就近一致原则， 谓语 动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式

16、决定。例如：He or you have take n my penNeither the stude nts nor the teacher knowsanything about it .One or two days are eno ugh to visit the city.d. there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决 于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如：There is a garde n in front of the house.There are two things rd like to say here.7)关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法a. 由this /th

17、at kind /type of + 名词”作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式；而由these /those kind / type of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 例如：1. This kind of apples is highly priced.这种2. Those kin d(s) of tests are good那些b. 由“ a number of , a total of , an average of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“ the number of, the total of , the average of + 复数名 词”作主语，谓语

18、动词用单数形式。例如：A nu mber of stude nts are wait ing for the bus. in creas ing yearly.c. one of , the (only) one of 的一致用法This is one of the books that have bee nrecomme ndedThis is the (only) one of the books that has been recomme nded3 前后呼应的用法1) 当 every one , everybody , no one, no body, anyone, an ybody

19、, some one somebody everyth ing , any thi ng , something , nothing等用作主语时，其相应的代词一 般用单数形式。例如：If anybody calls ，tell him that rm out . Somethi ng stra nge happe ned , did nt it?Every passe nger has to carry his own luggage2) 人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I (me) , he(him) , she (her) , it (it)都是代替前面的单数名词， 而they (them)

20、 , we (us)则是代替复数名词的,you 既可以代表单数，也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时 候,用he或one来表示。例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money , he is in the wrong professionto horses and when ingested can kill themwithin fiftee n hours 。3）物主代词与名词的呼应：my our, his , her, its , their要与代替的名词在数上一致。例如：The welfare depart

21、ment, as well as the othersocial services , will have its budget cutDelphi ns are warm-blooded ; that is , their body temperature always stays about the same , regardless of the surro undings4）反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。Manyprimitive people believed that by eating an ani mal they could get some of the good qualities of that ani mal for themselves.Everybody clings to this illusion about himself . I have just bee n out to get myself a cup of tea.5）指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代 单数名词或不可数名词，these和those指代复数名 词（those还可以用作先