新视野大学英语4读写教程Unit1单词和词组

1、Unit One, Book Four 1. Chase v. (1) (after) sb./sth.追赶；追逐；追捕追赶；追逐；追捕to run, drive, etc. after sb./sth. in order to catch them E.g.: My dog likes chasing rabbits. 我的狗喜欢追捕兔子。我的狗喜欢追捕兔子。 E.g.: The kids chased each other around the kitchen table. 孩子们围着厨房的桌子相互追逐嬉戏。孩子们围着厨房的桌子相互追逐嬉戏。 E.g.: He chased after t

2、he burglar but couldnt catch him. 他追赶那个盗贼却没有抓住他。他追赶那个盗贼却没有抓住他。 (2)努力获得；争取得到努力获得；争取得到to try to obtain or achieve sth., for example money, work or success E.g.: Too many people are chasing too few jobs nowadays. 如今有太多的人在角逐寥寥无几的工作职位。如今有太多的人在角逐寥寥无几的工作职位。 E.g.: The team is chasing its first win in five g

3、ames. 这支队伍正全力争取获得五场比赛的首场胜利。这支队伍正全力争取获得五场比赛的首场胜利。 (3) (after) sb.追求；求爱追求；求爱to try to persuade sb. to have a sexual relationship with you E.g.: Kevins been chasing after Jan for months. 凯文几个月来一直在追求简。凯文几个月来一直在追求简。 (4)催促催促to persuade sb. to do sth. that they should have done already E.g.: I need to chas

4、e him about organizing the meeting.我得催他组织安排这次会议。我得催他组织安排这次会议。 (5)急奔；急赶；匆忙地走急奔；急赶；匆忙地走to rush or hurry somewhere E.g.: Ive been chasing around town all morning looking for a present for Sharon.为了送给莎伦一为了送给莎伦一 件礼物，我一上午都在满城奔走寻觅。件礼物，我一上午都在满城奔走寻觅。 (6)镂刻；雕刻镂刻；雕刻to cut patterns or designs on metal E.g.: cha

5、sed silver雕花银器雕花银器 n. (1)c追赶；追捕；追逐追赶；追捕；追逐an act of running or driving after sb./sth. in order to catch them E.g.: The thieves were caught by police after a short chase. 经过短暂追捕，小偷被警察擒获。经过短暂追捕，小偷被警察擒获。 (2) 争取争取a process of trying hard to get sth. E.g.: Three teams are involved in the chase for the ch

6、ampionship. 有三支队伍参加冠军的角逐。有三支队伍参加冠军的角逐。 (3)打猎打猎hunting animals as a sport 2. Pessimistic a. 悲观（主义）的悲观（主义）的 E.g.: The experts are pessimistic about our chances of success. 专家们对我们成功的可能性持悲观态度。专家们对我们成功的可能性持悲观态度。 Extended：pessimism 悲观，悲观主义悲观，悲观主义 pessimist 悲观的人，悲观主义者悲观的人，悲观主义者 opposite： optimistic 乐观乐观（主义

7、）的（主义）的 optimism 乐观，乐观乐观，乐观主义主义 optimist 乐观的人，乐观乐观的人，乐观主义主义者者 3. Conquest n. (1) u征服征服，占领占领the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force E.g.: the Norman Conquest(= of England in 1066) 诺曼征服（即诺曼征服（即1066年诺曼人征服英国）年诺曼人征服英国） (2)c占领（或征服）的地区占领（或征服）的地区an area of land taken by force E.g.: the S

8、panish conquests in South America 西班牙人在南美洲的占领地西班牙人在南美洲的占领地 (3)c（爱情方面）被俘虏的人（爱情方面）被俘虏的人a person that sb. has persuaded to love them E.g.: Im just one of his many conquests. 我仅仅是我仅仅是 他的众多俘虏之一。他的众多俘虏之一。 (4)u（对困难、危险等的）控制（对困难、危险等的）控制the act of gaining control over sth. that is difficult or dangerous E.g.:

9、 the conquest of inflation对通货膨胀的控制对通货膨胀的控制 4. Bankrupt adj. without enough money to pay what one owes E.g.: Many state-owned enterprises have gone bankrupt. 许多国有企业都破产了。许多国有企业都破产了。 E.g.: Due to the fierce competition, many small business holders went bankrupt miserably。 竞争异常残酷，许多小企业者都惨痛的经历了破竞争异常残酷，许多

10、小企业者都惨痛的经历了破 产。产。 5. Motive n. (for sth.)动机；原因；目的动机；原因；目的a reason for doing sth. E.g.: There seemed to be no motive for the murder. 这起谋杀案看不出有什么动机。这起谋杀案看不出有什么动机。 adj.发动的；导致运动的发动的；导致运动的causing movement or action E.g.: motive power/force(= for example, electricity, to operate machinery)原动力原动力 6. Spur v

11、. 激励激励，鞭策鞭策，促进促进 n. 刺激物刺激物，激励激励 E.g.: It was an article in the local newspaper that finally spurred him into action. 是当地报纸上一篇文章最终促使他采取了行动。是当地报纸上一篇文章最终促使他采取了行动。 E.g.: On the spur of the moment 一时冲动当即一时冲动当即 E.g.: We went to Paris on the spur of the moment. 我们一时兴起就我们一时兴起就到到巴黎去了。巴黎去了。 7. Drown v.沉浸于沉浸于,

12、使淹死使淹死 E.g.: The country is drowning in debt. 这个国家债台高筑。这个国家债台高筑。 E.g.: We were drowning in data but starved of information. 我们被数据包围，可是却缺乏信息。我们被数据包围，可是却缺乏信息。 E.g.: Forty-eight people have drowned after their boat overturned during a storm. 他们的船在暴风雨中翻了，淹死了他们的船在暴风雨中翻了，淹死了48个人。个人。 E.g.: Last night a boy

13、 was drowned in the river. 昨夜有一个男孩在河里淹死了。昨夜有一个男孩在河里淹死了。 8. Idle a. 懒散的懒散的，空闲的空闲的，无效的无效的 E.g.: there are no idle hands in our company. 我们公司没有闲置的人手我们公司没有闲置的人手。 v. idle away虚度光阴无虚度光阴无，所事事所事事 E.g.: Dont idle away your precious time. 不要把大好时光浪费掉。不要把大好时光浪费掉。 9. Sustain vt. 保持，保持，使使持续，供养，维持生命，支持持续，供养，维持生命，支

14、持，支撑支撑 E.g.: We successfully sustained the conversation. 我们成功地将这个谈话进行下去。我们成功地将这个谈话进行下去。 A good breakfast will sustain us through the day. 一顿丰盛的早餐能维持我们一天的精力。一顿丰盛的早餐能维持我们一天的精力。 E.g.: Throughout the trial, he was sustained by the support of his family. 整个审讯过程中，他家人的整个审讯过程中，他家人的 支持使他得以支撑下去。支持使他得以支撑下去。 Su

15、stainable可持续的，合理利用的可持续的，合理利用的 10. Distinct adj. (1)清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc. E.g.: There was a distinct smell of gas. 有一股明显的煤气味。有一股明显的煤气味。 E.g.: His voice was quiet but every word was distinct. 他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。 (2) (from sth.)截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类截

16、然不同的；有区别的；不同种类 的的clearly different or of a different kind E.g.: The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups. 调查结果分为截然不同的两组。调查结果分为截然不同的两组。 (3)确定无疑的；确实的；确切的确定无疑的；确实的；确切的used to emphasize that you think an idea or situation definitely exists and is important E.g.: Being tall gave Tony a dis

17、tinct advantage. 托尼个子高是个明显的优势。托尼个子高是个明显的优势。 11. Contaminate: v. make sth. dirty or poisonous E.g.: The water supply was contaminated by the chemicals. 水源受到了化学物质的污染。水源受到了化学物质的污染。 E.g.: The violent movies will contaminate the minds of young people. 暴力电影会沾染青少年的思想。暴力电影会沾染青少年的思想。 12. Object n. 物体物体，对象对象，

18、目标目标，宾语宾语 vi. (to) 反对反对，不赞成不赞成 E.g.: Rose objected to such treatment at work. 在工作中受到这样的待遇，罗兹表示抗议。在工作中受到这样的待遇，罗兹表示抗议。 E.g.: I strongly object to being treated like a child. 我强烈反对被人当作小孩一样。我强烈反对被人当作小孩一样。 Extended：objection 反对反对，异议异议，反对的理由反对的理由 objective 目标目标，目的；客观的目的；客观的 13. Accuse vt. 控告、归罪、非难控告、归罪、非难

19、 Accuse sb. of sth. 因因控告某人控告某人 E.g.: They accused him of taking bribes. 他们控告他收受贿赂。他们控告他收受贿赂。 Accused 被控告的被控告的 14. Second adv.其次其次，第二（的）第二（的），（重要性、规模、质量（重要性、规模、质量 等）居第二位的等）居第二位的，另外的另外的 n.瞬间瞬间，片刻片刻，秒（时间单位）秒（时间单位），秒（角度单位）秒（角度单位） adj.别的别的，次次(的的)，副副(的的)，从属的从属的 v.附议附议，临时调派临时调派 (1) sb. (from sth.) (to sth.

20、)临时调派临时调派，短期调任短期调任to send an employee to another department, office, etc. in order to do a different job for a short period of time E.g.: Each year, two teachers are seconded to industry for six months. 每年有两名教师派到产业部门工作六个月。每年有两名教师派到产业部门工作六个月。 (2) support支持，附议支持，附议 15. Fine adj. (1)高质量的；美好的高质量的；美好的of

21、high quality; good E.g.: fine clothes/wines/workmanship 漂亮的衣服；美酒；精湛的工艺漂亮的衣服；美酒；精湛的工艺 E.g.: Jim has made a fine job of the garden. 吉姆把花园拾掇得漂漂亮亮。吉姆把花园拾掇得漂漂亮亮。 (2)健康的；身体很好的健康的；身体很好的in good health E.g.: How are you? Fine, thank you. And you? “你好吗？你好吗？”“很好，谢谢。你呢？很好，谢谢。你呢？” E.g.: I was feeling fine when I

22、 got up this morning. 今天早上我起床时感觉很舒服。今天早上我起床时感觉很舒服。 (3)（指行为、建议、决定）可接受（指行为、建议、决定）可接受used to tell sb that an action, a suggestion or a decision is acceptable E.g.: Ill leave this here, OK? Fine. “我把这个留在这儿，可以吗？我把这个留在这儿，可以吗？”“可以。可以。” E.g.: Bob wants to know if he can come too. Thats fine by me. “鲍勃想知道他是否

23、也能来。鲍勃想知道他是否也能来。”“我认为没问题。我认为没问题。” (4)（表示满意）很好，不错，满意（表示满意）很好，不错，满意used to say you are satisfied with sth E.g.: Dont worry. Your speech was fine. 别担心。你的讲话挺好的。别担心。你的讲话挺好的。 E.g.: You go on without me. Ill be fine. 别管我了，你继续吧。我没事的。别管我了，你继续吧。我没事的。 E.g.: Can I get you another drink? No, thanks. Im fine . “我

24、可以再给你取一杯吗？我可以再给你取一杯吗？”“不，谢谢。我够不，谢谢。我够 了。了。” (5)好看的；漂亮的好看的；漂亮的pleasing to look at E.g.: a fine view美景美景 E.g.: a fine-looking woman漂亮女人漂亮女人 (6)精巧的；精美的精巧的；精美的attractive and delicate E.g.: fine bone china精致的骨质瓷精致的骨质瓷 E.g.: She has inherited her mothers fine features. 她遗传了她母亲的清秀面容。她遗传了她母亲的清秀面容。 (7)晴朗的晴朗的

25、bright and not raining E.g.: A fine day/evening晴朗的一天晴朗的一天/晚上晚上 E.g.: I hope it stays fine for the picnic. 我希望野餐那天还是晴天。我希望野餐那天还是晴天。 (8)难以看出的；很难描述的难以看出的；很难描述的difficult to see or describe E.g.: Theres no need to make such fine distinctions.没有必要区分出如此细微的差别。没有必要区分出如此细微的差别。 E.g.: Theres a fine line between

26、 love and hate. 爱恨只有一线之隔。爱恨只有一线之隔。 (9)小颗粒制成的；颗粒细微的小颗粒制成的；颗粒细微的made of very small grains E.g.: fine sand细沙细沙 (10)值得尊敬的；杰出的值得尊敬的；杰出的that you have a lot of respect for E.g.: He was a fine man.他是个优秀的人。他是个优秀的人。 (11)辞藻华丽的辞藻华丽的sounding important and impressive but unlikely to have any effect E.g.: His spee

27、ch was full of fine words which meant nothing.他的演讲华而不实。他的演讲华而不实。 (12)（金属）纯的；无杂质的（金属）纯的；无杂质的containing only a particular metal and no other substances that reduce the quality E.g.: fine gold纯金纯金 adv. 可接受；够好；蛮不错可接受；够好；蛮不错in a way that is acceptable or good enough E.g.: Keep going like that, youre doin

28、g fine . 就这样做下去，你做得不错。就这样做下去，你做得不错。 E.g.: Things were going fine until you showed up. 你一露面就把事情搞糟了。你一露面就把事情搞糟了。 n. 罚金；罚款罚金；罚款a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule E.g.: A parking fine违规停车罚款违规停车罚款 E.g.: She has already paid over $2000 in fines. 她已经付了她已经付了2000多元罚金。多元

29、罚金。 v. sb (sth) (for sth/for doing sth)处处以罚金以罚金to make sb pay money as an official punishment E.g.: She was fined for speeding. 她因超速而被罚款。她因超速而被罚款。 E.g.: The company was fined 20000 for breaching safety regulations. 这家公司因违反安全条例而被罚款这家公司因违反安全条例而被罚款2万英镑。万英镑。 16. Justify vt. 证明证明正当；为正当；为辩护辩护 E.g.: You ar

30、e expected to justify your action. 你得为你的行为提供正当的理由。你得为你的行为提供正当的理由。 Justification 辩解辩解，辩护辩护 E.g.: There is no justification for such rude behavior. 没有什么正当理由可以为如此粗鲁的行为辩解。没有什么正当理由可以为如此粗鲁的行为辩解。 17. At best 充其量充其量 E.g.: The meeting was at best partially successful. 这次会议充其量只是部分成功。这次会议充其量只是部分成功。 18. Object

31、to: oppose or disapprove of sth. 反对反对 E.g.: Do you object to our decision? 你反对我们的决定吗？你反对我们的决定吗？ E.g.: More and more people object to smoking. 越来越多的人反对吸烟。越来越多的人反对吸烟。 19. Accuse sb. of sth.: point out sb. has done something illegal or wrong指控，指责指控，指责 E.g.: The public accuse the government of slow reac

32、tion to the crisis. 公众公众指责指责政府面对灾难未能做出快速及时的反应。政府面对灾难未能做出快速及时的反应。 E.g.: The director was accused of bribery. 主任被指控受贿。主任被指控受贿。 20. Be hard-pressed to do sth. : have difficulty in doing sth.很难做某事很难做某事 E.g.: You are hard-pressed to deal with this tough job individually. 你很难独自一人处理好这项棘手的工作。你很难独自一人处理好这项棘手的工作。 E.g.: Under present circumstances, graduates feel hard-pressed to find a relatively suitable job. 在当前情况下，毕业生感觉很难找到比较合适的在当前情况下，毕业生感觉很难找到比较合适的 工作。工作。 21. Be intimate with: mai