中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)14页

1、中考初中英语被动语态讲解（精心整理）被动语态专题u定义语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。u被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词u被动语态的时态：“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表： 时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shall be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being+过去分词现在完成时have/has been+过去分词

2、含情态动词can/may/must. be+过去分词u主动语态变被动语态的方法第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”， 时态不变。第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China. 被动语态：Tea(主语)is

3、 grown(谓语)by themin the southeast of China. 随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）1.Bruce writes a letter every week. 2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. 3.We grow trees every spring. 4.My mother cleans our room every morning. 补充： S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。 用

4、to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring .用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook 1. Mary gave him some books.He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary.2. Her father bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her father. A new bike was

5、 bought for her by her father.随堂演练：（1）He gave me a book._(间接宾语作主语)_ (直接宾语作主语)（2）My father bought me a new bike._(间接宾语作主语)_ (直接宾语作主语)S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。1.We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us).2.They made me happy. I was made happy (by them).3.He aske

6、d me to come here. I was asked to come here (by him)补充：在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）I saw him play football on the playground just now.He was seen to play football on the playgr

7、ound by me.随堂演练：1. We saw them _(play) football. They _ _ _ _ football.2. We often hear her _(sing) in English. She_ often _ _ _ in English.另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。 I can hear him singing. He _ _ _ _.u被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句The photos were taken in Japan. (改为否定句) （改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答） u被动语态的用法(1)

8、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。My bike was stolen yesterday. (2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。The pen was used by my father. 【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。u被动语态注意点含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。She took good care of her grandmother.Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.

9、随堂演练1.People often talk about that film. That film is often talked _.2.He looks after me very well.I _.3. The nurse took good care of the sick man. The sick man _. 4. We should speak to the old people politely. The old people should _politely.主动形式表示被动意义. (强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)a)某些连系动词: look, smell, tast

10、e, feel, sound。主动形式表示被动意义。The music _(听起来) interesting.b)说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼得厉害）随堂演练1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass _ easily.(容易碎)3. The pen is

11、sold here. It well . (写起来好)4. That book is sold here. It _/_well. (卖得好) (读起来好)5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _well. (洗起来好)6. I like eating the food. And it _ well (吃起来好)7. He _by a car yesterday. Now, his head _(疼)badly.c)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常主动表被动。d)need, wa

12、nt, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。need doing sth = need to be donewant doing sth = want to be done require doing sth = require to be donebe worth doing sth 值得被做某事 My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。我的旧自行车需要修一下。随堂演练My clothes need _ (wash). The book is worth _

13、 (read) twice.The house needs _(repair).表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die, disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to随堂演练1. In summer, leaves _(落下) . 2. His car _(抛锚了)on the way here.3. An accident _(发生) and he _(死了). 4. Great changes _(发生) over the years.5. A big cloud

14、 _(出现) when the sun _(消失).6. Our teacher told us the sun _(升起) in the east.二、英语书面表达专项训练2 诚信是中华民族的传统美德，也是社会主义核心价值观内容之一。而你的朋友Daming最近却被诚信危机所困扰。上周末，他本来和Lingling相约一起去电影院看电影，但是他却因为在家复习考试，把这件事忘了，直到第二天才想起来。因此，Lingling很生气，并且不愿接受Daming的道歉。请你就此事给校报投稿，以“The Importance of Promise”为题，内容要点如下：1、简述事件；2、谈谈自己的看法，并给Da

15、ming一些建议。注意：1、词数80100；2、行文连贯，逻辑合理；3、文中不能出现真实的校名和人名； 4、文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调） the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise. Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it. Yours,Tony【答案】The Importance of

16、 PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调）the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise.Recently, a thing happened to my friend, and I think it was really his fault. Last weekend, my friend Daming had a date with his friend Lingling to watch a movie. But he totally

17、 forgot it that day because of his review for his exam. So Lingling got too angry to forgive him. In my opinion, it was really his fault. Forgetting the date not only led to Linglings anger, but also made her lose trust in him. Keeping promises is always the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.

18、 What Daming should do now is to ask for forgiveness and promise that he will never do that again.Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it. Yours,Tony【解析】【分析】本文为一篇稿件，需要学生通过大明和玲玲之间，大明没有信守承诺的事情，谈自己的看法。信守承诺是中华民族的传统美德，在写作过程中，注意文章结构，先写出大明和玲玲之间的事情，然后再说自己对此的看法。【详解】首先，第一句话直接点明作者的观点，大明是犯错了的。然后仔细阐述了

19、事情发生的经过。接下来说出自己对此事件的看法，不信守承诺会导致失去别人的信任，对大明的建议是除了认错之外，还需要再次保证永不再犯。【点睛】文章结构清晰，符合逻辑，先表明自己观点，然后阐述事情，提出自己的观点和建议。整篇文章在谋篇布局上，比较严密。除此之外，中间也使用了一些连接词，例如but，so，because of等，使文章更加通顺。3(B)根据要求完成大作文,词数:80-100体育运动是中学生的共同爱好.请根据下面提示写一篇题为What We Get from Sports 的短文,应该包含以下要点:1,学生参加体育运动的兴趣不同,理由各异.2.多数学生学习疲倦时,通过运动来放松自己.3.

20、男孩参加各项体育运动,希望运动能使自己更强壮.4.女孩也喜欢运动，希望运动使自己减肥和保持健康,苗条.5.你对运动的观点.6.注意:文中不得出现自己的名字和学校的名字7.短文开头已给出,不计入词数.8.参考词语:keep slim (保持苗条)What We Get from SportsStudents in our school have one thing in common an interest in sports._【答案】Students in our school have one thing in common an interest in sports. But diffe

21、rent students have different reasons for taking part in sports.Many students have sports when they feel tired after study. They just want to relax themselves and have fun. Most boys love sports. They take part in all kinds of sports in order to become stronger. They join in the sports that interest

22、them most, such as soccer, basketball and volleyball. As for girls, they want to lose weight. They want to keep slim, so they also like taking exercise.In my opinion, no matter what reasons we have, we all can get a lot from sports.【解析】【详解】本篇写作主要是谈论自己对运动的观点和看法，应该用一般现在时态，写作要点要包括：1.提出目前学生对运动的不同看法及原因。2

23、.具体分析（多数学生的观点、男生的观点、女生的观点）。3.提出自己对运动的观点。亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好地完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态，主谓一致，在文中使用了时间状语从句，定语从句，特别使用一些亮点词句，如have fun，in order to，as for，in my opinion等。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，句子通顺，行文连贯。4回首三年，相信你有满满的回忆。在你将踏上新的旅程之际，请给新入学的学弟学妹们两则初中生活的建议，并说说原因，让他们的初中生活更加精彩。请参考下面的思维导图用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。School life Tea

24、chers and friends Schoolwork and activitiesMy Advice for Junior High【答案】例文Junior high is an important stage in your life. As a student who is about to enter junior high, your heart must be filled with expectation. To help you get used to the junior high life, I will share you two pieces of advice. F

25、irst, establish your routines. By doing this, you can quickly fall into a pattern that feels familiar and comfortable. Second, be sure to try new things. You can join new clubs or take up a new hobby. This will not only get you out of the stressful schoolwork, but also help you make more friends. I

26、hope my advice can be helpful to you and make you enjoy your life in the junior high school.【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如as a student，must be，filled with，get used to，relax ourselves，two pieces of advice，fall into，join new clubs，take up，not onlybut also，make more friends，be helpful to等。而非谓语动词结构

27、To help you get used to the junior high life, I will share you two pieces of advice.和As a student who is about to enter junior high, your heart must be filled with expectation./ By doing this, you can quickly fall into a pattern that feels familiar and comfortable./ I hope my advice can be helpful t

28、o you and make you enjoy your life in the junior high school.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。5书面表达86.目前有不少历史剧在电视上热播.有人通过看历

29、史剧来了解历史，有人选择读史书来了解历史，你选择哪种方法？理由是什么？请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。方法理由看历史剧情节有趣、通俗易懂；读历史书资料真实、引人深思；（你的选择）（你的理由）要求：（1）词数：80100个。（2）开头已给出，不计入总词数。（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。Many historical plays have been on TV recently._【答案】Many historical plays have been on TV recently. Some people like watching historical TV plays to know

30、about history. They think they are interesting and easy 10 understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them.Some other people think another way to learn about history is to read books on history. They believe books can tell them the true stories. They can learn and think a

31、 lot from them while reading.I like watching historical TV plays because they make me relaxed and save me much time.【解析】【详解】这是一篇图表，要求介绍人们通过什么方式来了解历史。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。6扬州市“五个一百工程” 英语经典文学(En

32、glish classics)阅读正在全市各地各校全面而深入地推进，这提高了扬州学子的人文科学素养，并促进了他们的终身发展。某校正在开展中学生是否有必要阅读英文经典文学的大讨论，请根据以下问题和要求用英语写一篇文章参与讨论。1. Do you think reading English classics is necessary? Why? (Give 3 reasons)2. How do you usually take part in the activity of reading English classics? (Give 3 examples, e.g. take part in

33、 the Reading Club, take notes while reading )3. Whats your advice for the students who are weak in English? (Give 1-2 opinions)要求 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2）必须包括问题中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥； 3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。With the development of the Five One-hundred Project in Yangzhou, our school has h

34、ad a discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to read English classics. 【答案】With the development of the Five One-hundred Project in Yangzhou, our school has had a discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to read English classics. I think reading

35、English classics is not only necessary but also important. First, we can learn a lot about Western history and culture by reading. Second, by reading classics we can enlarge our vocabulary and improve our writing. Finally, it can help us with our lifelong learning. So I often spend my free time read

36、ing English classics. I am in the Reading Club. And I often take notes while reading. Whats more, I sometimes ask the teacher for help if I have difficulty reading books. If some students are weak in English, they can read the short and easy English stories at the very beginning. Well begun is half

37、done. Next, they should keep reading and never give up. Then their English will be improved little by little.【解析】【详解】这是一篇要求关于某校正在开展中学生是否有必要阅读英文经典文学的大讨论，请根据问题和要求用英语写一篇文章参与讨论。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一人称，一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系

38、，语意连贯。7假设你是光明中学的学生李华，你正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创建城市文明，争做文明市民” 活动，请根据以下汉语提示写一篇英文发言稿。1. 上周三放学时，雨下得很大，于是在校门口打了一辆出租车；2. 下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你的姓名；3. 到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；4. 幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学校；5. 当看到自己的书时，既开心又感动；6. 你应该你打算/将要. 参考词汇：感动be moved幸运的是fortunately要求：1. 词数：80-100；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3. 要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。Hello，everyone

39、！I am Li Hua from Guangming, Middle School.Last Wednesday，when I finished school，it was_【答案】Hello，everyone！I am Li Hua from Guangming Middle School.Last Wednesday，when I finished school，it was raining hard（1）.Then l took a taxi at the school gate（2）.But I left my English book in the taxi（3）because l

40、 was in a hurry when L got out of it（4）.There was my name in my book（5）.When l got home and found my book gone. I felt very worried and sad（6）Fotunately /Luckily，the next morning，the kind-hearted driver sent it to my school（7）.I was very happy and moved（8）when I saw my book come back. I think I shou

41、ld learn from the driver（9）.And I am going to set up a lost and found website to help the people who need help（10）.【解析】【详解】这是一篇材料作文，根据提示中的相关信息介绍一下你所正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创建城市文明，争做文明市民” 的这个活动。所提供的信息中列举了1. 上周三放学时，雨下得很大，于是在校门口打了一辆出租车；2. 下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你的姓名；3. 到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；4. 幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学校；5. 当看到自己的书

42、时，既开心又感动；6. 你应该你打算/将要. ；主要从这六个方面去介绍。时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意发作文中必须包含提示上的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。【高分句型一】I left my English book in the taxi because I was in a hurry when I got out of it. 我把英语书忘在出租车上了，因为我下车时很匆忙。句子I becau

43、se I was in a hurry when I got out of it.是由because引导的原因状语从句。【高分句型二】I was very happy and moved when I saw my book come back. 当我看到我的书回来时，我非常高兴和感动。句子when I saw my book come back.是由when引导的时间状语从句。8书面表达中考后暑假即将开始，你和一些同学准备结伴出国旅行。旅行社提供了两个国家供你选择游玩。请根据旅行社提供的信息，将你的选择用英文向同学们介绍。BritainAustraliaTimeJuly 1 - July 1

44、4TimeAugust 15 -August 24Activitiesvisit the Buckingham Palace (白金汉宫) visit the British Museum (大英博物馆)watch football matchesActivitiesvisit the Sydney Opera Housetravel around the Gold Coast (黄金海岸)have fun with kangaroos and koalasAttentionchangeable weatherAttentionwinterCost20,000 yuanCost16,000 y

45、uan要求：1. 所写内容必须包括某一国家的所有信息及选择的理由； 2. 结合游玩国家的情况，自拟希望可以安排的活动，并提出1-2点出游的注意事项；3. 文章不少于90词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；4. 语义通顺、意思连贯、条理清楚、书写规范；5. 不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。The summer holiday is coming. I think its a good idea to travel abroad. I hope I will have a good time there!【答案】The summer holiday is coming. I think its

46、 a good idea to travel abroad. I have read information about two countriesBritain and Australia. I like britain. So I think we can go to Britain.The time is july 1 to july 14. Its activities include visiting the buckingham palace,visiting the british museum, and watching football matches.The first,

47、I want us to visit the Buckingham Palace and the british museum, I think it is very helpful for us to understand the history and culture of Britain. Next I hope to watch football matches. I like football very much. It will be exciting.However, the weather in Britain is changeable, which will make ou

48、r trip inconvenient. And its expensive to travel to the UK, which costs 20000 yuan, But I still want to travel to England.I hope I will have a good time there!【解析】【详解】这是一篇给材料作文。中考后暑假即将开始，你和一些同学准备结伴出国旅行。旅行社提供了两个国家供你选择游玩。要求根据旅行社提供的信息将你的选择用英文向同学们介绍。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要

49、点，动笔写作。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。9书面表达请根据提示内容，以My low-carbon life为题写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的“低碳生活”，以及你对“低碳生活”的认识。提示：1. 出行方式2. 不浪费纸、水、电等3. 其他低碳生活的方式（补充一点）4. 低碳生活的作用注意：1词数80左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数；2回复须包括所有要点，可适当发挥，使全文连贯、通顺；3文中不得提及真实的人名等相关信息。My