新古典经济学下的贸易PPT学习教案

1、会计学1新古典经济学下的贸易新古典经济学下的贸易2第1页/共18页33.1.1 Budget constrain (预算约束预算约束)X2X1BXpXp221112122)/(XpppBX第2页/共18页4X2X1U1U2U3图（34）X2X1（x1，x2）（y1，y2）图（32）X2X1（x1，x2）（y1，y2）第3页/共18页5Optimality of consumers decisionMU, MRS & diminishing of MU第4页/共18页60) L,() L,(KfKKfy3.2.1 Assumptions of production 第5页/共18页7LKMPMP

2、rwKL是已知数。和、其中使得：ywrLKfywLrKLK),( )(min,KLMPMPrwLKKLKfrLLKfw）有：成本最低的要素组合（*,0),(0),(),( )(max,LKfywLrKpyLK使得：rLKpMPwLKpMPKL),(),(*第6页/共18页8222122211122112211,),(),()()(max21KKKLLLLKfyLKfywLrKwLrKypypLKyy使得：rMPpwMPprMPpwMPpKLKL, 22, 22, 11, 11rwMPMPMRTSMRTSMPMPKLKL, 2, 221, 1, 1(K/L)2(K/L)1-(w/r)第7页/共1

3、8页9第8页/共18页10Y2Y1O2O2O1O1第9页/共18页11 0),( 0),( thus;)(),(),( )(21122221112221221211212211,21ppyyyKLyfpyKLyfpKKKLLLKLyfyKLyfyypypMaxyy也即有：受约束于：第10页/共18页12Homogeneity of the consumption第11页/共18页13第12页/共18页143.3.3 Two countries gain from trade开放经济下的贸易互利（总福利改进）开放经济下的贸易互利（总福利改进）In autarky, the countries a

4、re in equilibrium at point A and B. With the opening of trade, it now faces the international terms of trade, Pw=(P1/P2)w. Given the relatively higher international price of the good1(for country A), production move from EA to the A, the point of tangency between the international term of trade and

5、the PPF. At the same time, the good 2 is relatively less expensive at international prices, so consumers increase their relative consumption of it and begin consuming at point CA, where the terms of trade are tangent to the highest community indifference curve possible. The same situation also face

6、by country B第13页/共18页15Consumption gain (gains from exchange) refer to the gain that the exposure to new relative prices, even without changes in production, enhances the welfare of the country. U1A to U1,AProduction gain (gains from specialization) refer to the gain not cause by change of relative

7、price, but the change of production. The consumption and production gains from trade第14页/共18页16*212121)()(ppppppw1Y2Y21pp*21)(pp第15页/共18页17No trade when resemble on both PPFs and utility第16页/共18页18A countrys offer curvesThe offer curve (or reciprocal demand curve) of a country indicates the quantity of imports and exports the country is willing