1998年博士入学考试英语真题

1、1998年博士入学考试英语真题PART LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 points, 1 point for each)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. C

2、hoose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.1. A. Hes going to buy some flowers.B. Hes going to bake the cake.C. Hes going to clean up the floor.D. Hes going to dust and mop the kitchen.2. A. Go to the cinema.

3、 B. Visit a friend of hers. C. Go to bed early. D. Go home for dinner.3. A. He wants her to pick up the bone on the ground. B. He wants her to take the bone out of the fish. C. He wants his broken bone to be treated. D. He has something to complain about.4. A. The man had lost his keys. B. The man w

4、asnt able to open the door. C. The door needed repairing. D. He wanted the woman to help him.5. A. Shed like to come along. B. She knows her way around the harbor. C. The warm weather is quite pleasant. D. The ride will take all day.6. A. He is anxious to go to the museum. B. He refuses to go to the

5、 museum. C. He doesnt like to go to the museum. D. He will go with her.7. A. Two boat tickets. B. Two train tickets. C. Two planes tickets. D. Two tickets for the play.8. A. He likes the house. B. The look of the house surprises him.C. He thinks the house is too small.D. He is happy to see the house

6、 they have bought.9. A. Sleep late. B. Visit some friends. C. Buy things. D. Go for a ride.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be three questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each q

7、uestion, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices give by making the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.10. A. A deep, resonant voice. B. Good grammar. C. Understanding of the audiences point of view. D. Informa

8、tion on the subject.11. A. Confusing wrong is not good writing. B. Writing is not easy for everyone C. Correct grammar is part of good writing D. Anyone can learn to write12. A. His advice is still useful today. B. He knew nothing about writing. C. He was a popular teacher. D. He was born under a lu

9、cky star.13. A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D.714. A. Its a long country with 1,285,000 kilometer. B. Its a country full of natural resources. C. Its a country surrounded by Pacific Ocean. D. Its a country with a lot of Pacific Ocean.15. A. It has a dry climate. B. It is extremely wet. C. Its rather cool. D. It dep

10、ends on each region.PART VOCABULARY (20 points, 1/2 point for each)Section ADirections: There are twenty questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is clo

11、set in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.16. Economic development is likely to assume a bigger and more significant role in the world.A. suppose B. presume C. undertake D. transmit17. The government has a policy of fostering

12、 the police awareness of the dangers in smoking.A. encouraging B. discovering C. hindering D. emphasizing18. The scientists at the University of Bern in Switzerland have used a weakened virus that is not infectious and has proved safe and effective.A. dangerous B. harmful C. contagious D. invading19

13、. The police cautioned us about the icy roads after the heavy snow fall last night.A. alerted B. described C. refrained D. informed20. The carpenter did a clumsy piece of work repairing the staircase.A. wonderful B. careful C. unfinished D. unskilled21. The attempt to bring the quarreling couple tog

14、ether again came off to peoples astonishment.A. failed B. succeeded C. ended D. continued22. It was the coldest winter for forty-five years. Villages in the English countryside were cut off by the snow and the Thames froze over.A. isolated B. surrounded C. covered D, removed23. China and India launc

15、hed dramatic market because they need it to avoid collapse.A. radical B. sensational C. vivid D. effective24. The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration and they denounced British arrogance.A. declared the end of B. let the public know C. had a quarrel

16、 with D. aired views against25. What has changed is that capital has become incredibly mobile and much harder for economies to control.A. increasingly B. impractically C. doubtfully D. exceptionally26. Clinton has argued that the best way to keep Haitians at home is to see that democracy and prosper

17、ity take root there.A. detect B. learn C. ensure D. understand27. The biggest computer company in Silicon Valley has laid off hundreds of people during the last few months.A. dismissed B. detached C. declined D. dispersed28. Cultural patterns of getting food are generated primarily by the natural or

18、 physical.A. primitively B. principally C. preferably D. potentially29. The question really put him on the spot because he knew almost nothing about it.A. on the way home B. in a difficult positionC. on the watch D. out of condition30. Establishment or a(n) sound social insurance system is essential

19、 for deepening economic reforms.A. durable B. undisturbed C. healthy D. accurate31. In a front page editorial they declared: “A required course is a(n) illiberal act.”A. authoritarian B. steadfast C. miserable D. unwilling32. The Budlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve thi

20、s weirdly beautiful region.A. surprisingly B. impressively C. exceedingly D. fantastically33. This monument imagine was designed to stir up emotions of awe and respect, but could scarcely evoke feelings of warmth and affection.A. tangle B. Agitate C. teem D. stipulate34. Some mechanism regulates the

21、 onset and the rate of deterioration of a living body.A. start B. death C. speed D. aggression35. Precision instruments allow scientists to measure minute quantities with a high degree of accuracy.A. momentary B. various C. any D. briefSection BDirections: There are twenty questions in this section.

22、 Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.36. All transactions are strictly _and w

23、e never sell, rent or trade any customers name.A. confident B. consensual C. confidential D. consequential37. Advertising is a distinguished from other forms of communication_ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A. in which B. in this way C. in that D. in order that38. Many citizens

24、of the worlds richest nations find it increasingly painful to_ the incessant demand for change that characterizes our time.A. keep up with B. come up with C. go along with D. face up with39. Perhaps, if we could examine the manners of different nations with_ , we should find no people so rude to be

25、without rules of politeness.A. exactitude B. certainty C. appreciation D. impartiality40. The captain_ every member of the crew to rigorous physical hardships.A. endured B. subjected C. experienced D. submitted41. That country will continue to make new nerves gas weapons after the conclusion of a gl

26、obal treaty banning them_, according to a secret administration policy review.A. makes effect B. takes effect C. puts into effect D. puts on effect42. Just as space was_ into regions, time was split up into eras, seasons, and epochs.A. decomposed B. originated C. evolved D. restrained43. A doctors o

27、bligation when he can no longer_ the approach of death is to make the patient comfortable, including easing his pain.A. hang around B. hang on C. hold back D. hold on44. Many important nature conservation sites are_ as Sites of Special Scientific Interest or National Nature Reserves.A. Bounded B. de

28、signated C. cultivated D. confined45. With the fall in the number of students studying science, we will have lost many with the potential for intellectual_.A. credibility B. credential C. recreation D. creativity46. Our worst fear have proved_ after he told us everything about it.A. hosted B. blesse

29、d C. unfounded D. uprooted47. The village moved further and further away from the city and links with outside community have_.A. withered B. shortened C. sheared D. curtailed48. We hoped to be able to get married early this month, but things didnt _as we had expected.A. worked out B. come by C. fill

30、 up D. lay down49. The teacher made strenuous efforts to read the faint and_ handwriting in his students exercise books.A. illegal B. illiterate C. illegible D. illustrative50. South Africas black majority got its first real_ in governing early lat December.A. remark B. tale C. speech D. say51. _ th

31、e difficulty of the task, I shall be lucky to complete it by May.A. Regarding B. Given C. Presuming D. Accepted52. So _are businessmen by the constantly changing numbers that they often cannot determine whether they are making profit or not.A. outsold B. outgrown C. overexcited D. overwhelmed53. The

32、 border incident led to the two countries _ diplomatic relations.A. pulling off B. breaking off C. passing off D. falling off54. Without a wholehearted_ to a keen forward-looking vision and a deep insight, you can not be a leader.A. commitment B. determination C. resolution D. obligation55. The work

33、ers promised were increase is being _while it is examined by the government to see if it is greater than the law allows.A. put back B. held down C. put down D. held backPART CLOSE TEST (15 points)Directions: Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the c

34、orresponding blanks. Mark the correct choices for each blank in your Answer Sheet.One supermarket in Tokyo has managed to solve the problems of shoplifting(商店行动). 56 by cashiers and long lines of customers waiting at the cash registers. It is Japans advanced computer technology that has come 57 with

35、 the answers.Shoppers at an OK supermarket on the outskirts of the city now push a cart 58 a plastic card chained to it and buy from glass cases where the goods are on display. The plastic magnetic number carries his or her own card. Which is 59 at the entrance. While shopping the customer pushes th

36、e card into a slot beside 60 items are wanted and pushes a button or two. The glass-covered vending machines are connected to a computer that 61 the price of every item in the store. Prices of every purchase are added to automatically. 62 she has finished shopping, the customer hands her card to a c

37、ashier who 63 it to the register. A second later the 64 pops out.Shoplifting is physically impossible. Once you touch a commodity the computer remembers it 65 you hide it or 66 you eat it on the spot. A cashier at the OK supermarket is now able to work 15 times faster than her 67 at a conventional s

38、upermarket. 68 , are required at the store, which 69 2500 separate items. One man is enough to keep the vending machine filled, because 70 the stock for a certain commodity is at least to run out a red lamp in the computer room sees him. 56. A. mistake B. made C. done D. problems57. A. together B. u

39、p C. along D. on58. A. with B. without C. carrying D. under59. A. collected B. filled C. sent D. shown60. A. those B. what C. the number D. whichever61. A. shouts B. knows C. calculates D. puts62. A. Before B. Immediately C. After all D. When63. A. opens B. feeds C. reads D. connects64. A. cash B. m

40、oney C. changes D. total65. A. except B. in spite of C. no matter how D. the way66. A. before B. when C. even if D. watches67. A. friend B. colleague C. company D. neighbor68. A. for instance B. still C. later D. however69. A. loses B. needs C. sells D. deals70. A. there B. whenever C. most D. ofPAR

41、T READING COMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by several questions about it. Read the passages carefully and to each question choose the best answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.Passage

42、 OneIn the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel and glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.Skysc

43、rapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowattsenough to support the entire city of Albany New York for a day.Gla

44、sswalled skyscrapers can be specially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror fil

45、ms that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City wou

46、ld alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford Connecticut which has a population of more than 109,000.Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception block bird flyways and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960s some people even

47、 feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common.Still, people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them personal ambition, civic pride, and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable spare.71. The man purp

48、ose of the passage is to_.A. compare skyscrapers with other structuresB. describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environmentC. advocate the use of masonry in the construction of skyscrapersD. illustrate some architectural designs of skyscrapers72. According to the passage, what is one disadvant

49、age of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls?A. The exterior surrounding air is heated.B. The windows must be cleaned daily.C. Construction time is increased.D. Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.73. According to the passage, in the late 1960s some residents of Boston were concerned with whic

50、h aspect of skyscrapers?A. The noise from their constructionB. The removal of trees from building sitesC. the harmful effects on the citys grassD. The high cost of rentable office space74. The author raise issues that would most concern which of the following groups?A. Electricians B. Environmentali

51、sts C. Aviators D. Teachers75. Where in the passage does the author compare the energy consumption of skyscrapers with that of a city?A. Lines 5-8 B. Lines 13-14 C. Lines 19-21 D. Lines 22-24Passage TwoI was 22 years old when I was finally received into the church, but I still suffered from an adole

52、scents suffocating sons that brought me in love of poetry and rhetoric, sense of history, cosmic distress and indignation. Somehow I felt that some of Mother Churchs ancient glamour might rub off on me and that I might somehow be transformed by it and become part of its mystery. Of course, thats not

53、 the way it works at all. I believe now that grace grows from within slow but very sure. Shortly after becoming a barrister, when I was 27, in a moment of high hope and idealism and making common cause with the man I had recently married, fought to abolish the death penalty. All but a small circle o

54、f friends, whom I shall Honor for ever fell away. Professional doors banged shut.We went to live on the Greek islands of Mikonos. It is a strange place, treeless. From the roof or our house at Virst we could see seven islands in summer lying like dolphins, encircling the whitewashed pigeon house whe

55、re we make our home.At the tiny church we mad ea group of five, Joseph the tailor, my husband and I and another English couple. We went to enjoy each others company as much as to have the pleaure of hearing the service. If the priest didnt come-as he often couldnt when the wind blew at force Nine-it

56、 didnt particularly matter. We stayed on to have a drink under the trees and watch the sun set.Years later. I went back to that island with my two sons. Milonos itself had changed not for the better, it had changed from my village into a city where I knew only one person in a hundred.The church at Alefantare had changed too. It was packe