选修8 Unit 2 全单元新修改

1、课时分配课时板块结合范例Period 1&2 Warming up and Reading I Period 3Learning about languagePeriod 4Reading IIPeriod 5Listening and Speaking Period 6WritingUnit 2 Cloning Period 1&2: 幻灯片9-26页Look at the following pictures and answer the questions:1. Its the most famous sheep in the world. Do you know how Dolly i

2、s different from other sheep?Warming up ( 5ms ) She was cloned while the others were born naturally. It is the copy of another sheep. 2. What is cloning? Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.3. Are the following clones the same? If not, what is the difference?No. The f

3、irst four are man-made clones, the rest two are natural clones.In this class well learn a passage about cloning, but before we come to the text, can you guess how a clone is produced?Pre-reading ( 3ms )The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made c

4、loning ) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the passage well learn today. Reading I Scanning ( 5ms )Write the letter “T”if the statement is true. Write “F”if it is false.

5、1.Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant.2.Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants.3.Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants.4. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal.5.Natural clones happen in animals as will as in plants.FFTTTReading IV Inte

6、nsive reading (7ms )Read the letter again, then try to find the main idea of each paragraph.1.Cloning is _ 2.Cloning has _ uses.3.The _ of Dolly.4. The _ of Dolly.5. It is _ to clone human beings. a way of making an exact copy of another animal and blemstwo majoreffectforbidden1.Dolly the s

7、heep_. A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep. Reading II Skimming ( 5ms )Choose the right answer according to the text.2. It c

8、an be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_. A. usually lives as long as the original one B. usually lives longer than the original one C. usually lives longer than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original one3. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?Cloning

9、 can be used for medical purposes. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.A. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.4. What is peoples fear about human cloning? Which of the following is wrong?Cloned Hitlers would do harm to

10、 the world.Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid.A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband.A. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.1.Dolly the sheep_. A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy o

11、f the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep. Reading II Skimming ( 5ms )Choose the right answer according to the text.2. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_. A. usually lives as long as the

12、 original one B. usually lives longer than the original one C. usually lives longer than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original one3. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?Cloning can be used for medical purposes. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning

13、.Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.A. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.4. What is peoples fear about human cloning? Which of the following is wrong?Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world.Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid.A woman would have diff

14、iculty recognizing her real husband.A. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.Reading III Detail reading ( 8ms )Fill in the chart using the information from the text.Problems or dangers of cloningAdvantages of cloningAnimals may_ _ of older animals.Medical clonin

15、g could _ _ for serious degenerative(变质的）变质的）_ in humans. developtheillnessesproducecuresillnessesAnimal clones may _ _ than the donor animalsCloning plants can _ _ of similar _ _ _ ._ _ may want to clone themselves.Cloning plants can be _ for research on _ _ _ .There are _ _ to cloning human beings

16、.Cloning can help save _ _ .dieyoungerproduceplantsqualityforsaleleaderusefulEvil plantspeciesmoralobjectionsendangeredanimalsnewReading IV Intensive reading (7ms )Read the letter again, then try to find the main idea of each paragraph.1.Cloning is _ 2.Cloning has _ uses.3.The _ of Dolly.4. The _ of

17、 Dolly.5. It is _ to clone human beings. a way of making an exact copy of another animal and blemstwo majoreffectforbiddenPractice discussion ( 8ms ) Choose one of the following questions to discuss in groups. The leader of each group should write down every members opinion, then the volunt

18、eers will show your group work to the whole class:Questions:Do you support the idea of producing human embryos(胚胎胚胎)for medical purposes?Why?Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ(器官器官)transplants? Why?Do you think a cloned human should have human rights? Why?1. Do you think clon

19、ed humans will have the same talents as the original ones? Why? Assignment Surf the Internet to find more information about cloning and you are expected to present it to your classmates in the next class. 1. This happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, ha

20、ppen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地）发生；出现偶然地）发生；出现 happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件；偶然发生的事（常用复数）事件；偶然发生的事（常用复数）当园艺工人割草而使之长出新的植物时，就会发生当园艺工人割草而使之长出新的植物时，就会发生这种情况，、这种情况，、碰巧碰巧（某人）发生什么事了（某人）发生什么事了碰巧碰巧辨析：辨析：happen, occur, take place与与come about四词都有四词都有“发生发生”之意，但有区别。之意，但有区别

21、。 happen 是一般用语，词义较广，强调事情发生的偶是一般用语，词义较广，强调事情发生的偶 然性然性; occur 用法较正式，既可以指自然发生，也可以指有用法较正式，既可以指自然发生，也可以指有意安排。意安排。take place 一般指有计划，按事先安排的进行的含义。一般指有计划，按事先安排的进行的含义。come about 往往注重事情发生的原因，常与往往注重事情发生的原因，常与how 连用。连用。注：以上四组词均为不及物动词，无被动语态。注：以上四组词均为不及物动词，无被动语态。Use the above words to fill the following blanks:1)

22、When did the explosion _ ?2) Important elections _ this fall?3) The concert will _ next Sunday.4) How did the quarrel _ ?occurtake placecome abouthappen2. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep.这个细胞得细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的必需的这个细胞得细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的必需的基因。基因。needed to produce

23、 a new sheep 为过去分词短为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰其前面的名词语作后置定语，修饰其前面的名词genes, 构构成动宾搭配关系。成动宾搭配关系。contain v. have or hold within itself 饱含，饱含， 里里面有面有辨析：辨析：contain 与与 include contain “包含，含有包含，含有”，侧重于包含的内容，侧重于包含的内容或成分，或成分，“里面装有里面装有”； include “包括包括”，侧重范围或整体。，侧重范围或整体。Eg:1) Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol. 2) The b

24、ook _ forty maps, _ three of Great Britain.containscontainsincluding3. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity.Using electricity 为现在分词短语作方式状语。为现在分词短语作方式状语。 联手，携手联手，携手 参加活动参加活动 和某人一起做事和某人一起做事 参军，连起来参军，连起来从绵羊从绵羊B中取出得细胞核与从绵羊中取出得细胞核与从绵羊A中取出得卵细胞中取出得卵细胞用电流使之结合。用

25、电流使之结合。join handsjoin in sth. / doing sth join sb. in sth.join up辨析：辨析：take part in, join ,join in 与与 attendtake part in 指参加某项活动，并以积极的态度指参加某项活动，并以积极的态度在所参加的活动中起作用；在所参加的活动中起作用；join “加入加入”团体或组织；团体或组织；join in 指参加活动和游戏；指参加活动和游戏；join sb. In sth. 和某人一起做某事；和某人一起做某事；attend 参加会议参加会议(听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼）听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼

26、） 4.cast down 使沮丧使沮丧发现突破性克隆动物的命运使他沮丧。发现突破性克隆动物的命运使他沮丧。He felt cast down when he discovered the fate of the breakthrough clone.不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.cast down 有两个意思：毁掉；使沮丧，另外，有两个意思：毁掉；使沮丧，另外，cast away 丢弃，丢弃，cast off 放弃；丢弃，放弃；丢弃， cast out 赶走赶走5.in fa

27、vor of 赞成；有利于赞成；有利于比分是比分是80比比78，客队获胜。，客队获胜。The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team.今天的兑换率对我们有利。今天的兑换率对我们有利。The exchange rate is in our favour today.in favour of 赞成，支持，与赞成，支持，与against相对。相对。6.be bound to注定；有义务做注定；有义务做明天天气一定会变好。明天天气一定会变好。The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.发现突破性克隆动物的

28、命运使他沮丧。发现突破性克隆动物的命运使他沮丧。我觉得有必要对你说，你酒喝得太多了。我觉得有必要对你说，你酒喝得太多了。I feel bound to tell you that you are drinking too much.be bound to do sth.有两个义项：注定，一定会有两个义项：注定，一定会法律责任或义务做某事。法律责任或义务做某事。7.pay off （事业、计划）成功（事业、计划）成功他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。He paid off the crew of the ship.最终他还清了所有的债务。最终他还清了所有的债务。

29、In the end he paid off all his debts.pay off 有三义项：成功；付清薪水并解雇；偿有三义项：成功；付清薪水并解雇；偿还（债务等）。还（债务等）。Use the proper forms of the following phrases to fill in the blanks:cast down pay off in favour of from time to time be bound to Finish the following exercises:She was _ by her husbands death.My uncle comes

30、to have dinner with us _ .cast downfrom time to time3. He has been working so hard at his lessons, so he _ pass the exam this time.4. Finally his efforts _ .5. All of them were strongly _ the project.is bound ofpaid offin fovour ofUnit 2 Cloning Period 3: 幻灯片27-48页Checking answer I (2ms)Answer keys

31、for Ex.1 on Page 13:differcast downaccumulatedundertakeexactaltogetherChecking answer II (2ms)Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page 13:straightforward2. arbitrary3. commercial4. Are you in favour of5. procedure6. I object7. will forbidChecking answer III ( 3ms )Answer keys for Ex.3 on Page 13:undertake2. con

32、troversial3. satisfaction4. Cast down5. breakthrough6. accumulateChecking answer IV (2ms)Answer keys for Ex.4 on Page 14:CFDEBAChecking answer V (10ms)Answer keys for Ex.2 (Translation) on Page 56(Workbook):My rabbit gave birth to four exactly identical babies several days ago.From time to time we t

33、hink that humans can use cloning to bring extinct animals back to life.The plan to develop human clones is bound to raise controversial questions.Shortly after he retired, the old man wrote a novel about his childhood.5. She is unable to speak aloud because she has just had an operation on her throa

34、t.6. Edward was much cast down by the news that he couldnt obtain the graduation certificate.7. His efforts paid off when the doctor saw the patient opened his eyes.8. The scientist made the assumption that there is no animal life on other plants.Checking answer V (10ms)Answer keys for Ex.2 (Transla

35、tion) on Page 56(Workbook):Useful structure ( 20ms )同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词从属连词thatthat引导，引导，常常跟在常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, beliefreply, report, remark, hope, belief等名词后面。等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具

36、体含义或同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。内容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。 e.g. They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms. Where did you get the idea that I could not come. The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.注意注意1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的

37、有有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等等.2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用在从句中只是起引导作用, 不作任不作任何成分何成分.一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位

38、语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导 e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。建议值得考虑。The sugges

39、tion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）（定语从句）值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处从句的不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 解释说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、解释说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our tea

40、m has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容：的内容：我们队我们队取得了决赛胜利。取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们的你告诉我们的，而非，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引位语从句时是一个

41、纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何不充当任何成分）成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）II. Choose the best an

42、swer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. thatII. Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody

43、 yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which同位

44、语从句与同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别：引导的定语从句的区别：1、同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是、同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语主语+be+表语表语”的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如：抽象名词。例如：a) 听说他们的队赢了，他们很高兴。听说他们的队赢了，他们很高兴。 _ _ .b) 消息就是他们队赢了。消息就是他们队赢了。 _.They were delighted at the news that their team had wonThe news was that their team had won2、从引导词来看：引导词、

45、从引导词来看：引导词that在同位语从句在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分词，它在从句中充当一定成分 主语或主语或宾语，有具体词义，作宾语时还可以省略。宾语，有具体词义，作宾语时还可以省略。例如：例如： a) The factory _ we visited yesterday is a chemical one. b) The news _ he will leave for Shanghai is true.(that)that定语从句定语

46、从句同位语从句同位语从句3、同位语从句的简易判断方法：同位语、同位语从句的简易判断方法：同位语与其先行与其先行词之间在逻辑上是词之间在逻辑上是“主语主语+be+表语表语”的同位语关的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词从句之间加系动词系。所以，可以在名词从句之间加系动词be，使，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够有系表则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够有系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。例如：结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。例如：The belief that the earth is flat is still

47、held in some countries._ .The belief is that the earth is flat另外，能用于名词性从句的名词有：另外，能用于名词性从句的名词有：ability, patience, anxiety, answer, order, report, wish, decision, suggestion, belief, doubt, fact, hope, message, news, promise, question, reply等等。等等。1. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would vis

48、it me this coming Christmas.( 2004春春季上海季上海 ) A. which B. that C. what D. whether答案答案B B。这是一个同位语从句，解释。这是一个同位语从句，解释promisepromise的具体内容，要用的具体内容，要用thatthat引导。引导。高考链接2. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road condition need _ .( 2003年上海年上海 )A. that; to be improved B. whic

49、h; to be improvedC. where; to be improved D. when; improving解析：答案为解析：答案为A. that引导同位语从句说明引导同位语从句说明“新问题新问题”的内容。的内容。Need后既可接动名词后既可接动名词的主动式，也可接动词不定式的被动式作的主动式，也可接动词不定式的被动式作宾语。宾语。3. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. ( 2002年上海年上海) A. that B. which C. of which D. what解析：答案解析：答

50、案A。同位语从句。同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作作a feeling的同位语，解的同位语，解释释a feeling 的具体内容。的具体内容。That连接同位语从句时，连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.( 2001年上海年上海) A. while B. that C. when

51、 D. as解析：答案解析：答案B。That引导从句作引导从句作information的同的同位语，解释位语，解释information的具体内容。的具体内容。5. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them.( NMET2000春季春季北京北京) A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 解析：答案解析：答案A。do后接宾语从句，宾语从句后接宾语从句，宾语从句I can 后省略了后省略了do，缺少宾语。，缺少宾语。Whatever在宾语在宾语从句中作宾语。从句中作

52、宾语。Finish the following exercises:1. His central idea is _ the losers do not write history. A. X B. because C. that D. whether2. I think _ certain that she will do well in her exam. A. that B. this is C. it D. whats 3. We should stick to _ is true. A. which B. that C. anything which D. whatever 4. Y

53、ou will find no mistake _ Ive written. A. what B. in what C. with what D. that 5. There is a rule in our school _ no one is permitted to smoke. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6. He didnt know which room _ . A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live inAssignment1. Summarize

54、the rules of the Passive Voice.2. Finish the exercises of “Discovering useful structures” on Page 22 and Page 64-65.Unit 2 Cloning Period 4: 幻灯片49-61页Warming up ( 4ms )Answer the following questions:1. Do you like dinosaurs? Where have you seen them? Can you see them in our real life? Why?2. Do you

55、think it is possible to clone dinosaurs? If yes, do you think thats good for human beings? Why?(Students give their own answers.)Reading - I scanning ( 5ms )Read the text, then tell the following sentences are true or false. ( Students can discuss in pairs. ) Scientists are still experimenting with

56、cloning mammals because they think it can make money. The animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can be brought back to life through cloning. If we can clone any extinct animals, we should let them live in a zoo.FFFReading - II Detail reading ( 6ms )Read the text, then answer

57、the following questions. ( Students can discuss in pairs. ) Why shouldt you clone an extinct animal unless there is enough diversity in the group? Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live in a zoo? Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10

58、,000 years? Why shouldt you clone an extinct animal unless there is enough diversity in the group? There will not be enough genetic variation in the group to be able to resist new illnesses.2. Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live in a zoo? It is not a good idea to clon

59、e an animal that would have to live in a zoo because it is not a suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers.The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal.3. Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years? The DNA of animals more than 10,000 y

60、ears old is not suitable for cloning ,for it cant survive so long.Reading - III Argument ( 10ms )1. Read the passage again and have a argument according to the requirement of Ex.2 on Page 16.2. Students work in groups, when discussing, the head of each group should write down the opinions of all the