第8讲 被动语态

1、第第8讲被动语态讲被动语态1语态的分类语态的分类 英语有主动、被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即英语有主动、被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即“主语做主语做某事某事”；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即“主语被主语被”，因此当我们想，因此当我们想表表示示“主语被主语被”时，要用被动语态。时，要用被动语态。2基本结构：基本结构：bePP(1)人称及时态等的变化体现在人称及时态等的变化体现在be动词上，动词上，pp永远不变。永远不变。各种被动语态如下：各种被动语态如下： 一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态am/is/arePP一

2、般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态was/werePP一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态am/is/are going to bePPwill bePP过去将来时的被过去将来时的被动语态动语态was/were going to bePPwould bePP现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are beingPP过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态was/were beingPP现在完成时现在完成时的被动语态的被动语态have/has beenPP过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态hadbeenPP(2)带情带情态动词的被动语态：情态动词态动词的被动语态：情

3、态动词bepp3主动语态变被动语态的基本方法如下：主动语态变被动语态的基本方法如下： We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 注意：注意：(1)代词的变化：宾格代词被提前作主语时要变为主格，主格代词作代词的变化：宾格代词被提前作主语时要变为主格，主格代词作by的宾语时的宾语时要变为宾格。要变为宾格。(2)带双宾语的动词变被动时，一般将间接宾语提前作主语，而将直接宾语留下。带双宾语的动词变被动时，一般将间接宾语提前作主语，而将直接宾语留下。也可将直接宾语提前作主语，但要在留下的间接宾语

4、前添上介词也可将直接宾语提前作主语，但要在留下的间接宾语前添上介词to或或for。 Father bought me a book yesterday. I was bought a book by father yesterday. A book was bought for me yesterday. She lent me five pounds. I was lent five pounds by her. Five pounds was lent to me by her. (make, buy, get, sing, draw, find等用等用for，其他如，其他如show, p

5、ass, give, send, lend等用等用to)(3)动词短语变被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不能省略。动词短语变被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不能省略。 The old must be taken good care of. The womans mistake was laughed at by everyone.(4)接不定式作宾语补足语的动词变被动时，其后的不定式一律不能省略接不定式作宾语补足语的动词变被动时，其后的不定式一律不能省略to，如，如 make/listen to/hear/look at/watch/see/feel/notice等要变为等要变为be made/ li

6、stened to/heard/looked at/watched/seen/felt/noticed to do sth. The boss makes him work day and night. He is made to work day and night. Someone saw you enter my room. You were seen to enter my room. 而接而接doing作宾语补足语的动词变被动时，作宾语补足语的动词变被动时，doing留下不变。留下不变。 I saw him running on the playground just now. He

7、 was seen running on the playground just now.(5)被动语态中，如不需要说明动作的执行者，被动语态中，如不需要说明动作的执行者，by宾语可省略。宾语可省略。4不用被动语态的情况不用被动语态的情况(1)不及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态，也不能用被动语态。不及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态，也不能用被动语态。 He was laughed by the listeners.() He was laughed at by the listeners.() Great changes have been taken place here.() Great ch

8、anges have taken place here.()(2)连系动词如连系动词如get, turn, seem, appear, look, sound， smell，taste, feel等没有被动语态，也不能用被动语态。等没有被动语态，也不能用被动语态。 The stone feels cold and hard.() The stone is felt cold and hard.()(3)有些动词如有些动词如write, sell, wash, break, wear, read，burn等用其主动形式表等用其主动形式表 示主语的某种自身特征。示主语的某种自身特征。 This k

9、ind of cloth washes well.这种布料耐洗。这种布料耐洗。 Paper burns easily.纸易燃。纸易燃。 Shoes of this kind sell well.这种鞋子好卖。这种鞋子好卖。 ()1.You bought a new car！An American car? No.A Chinese car.It _ in Taizhou.(2013台州台州) Amakes Bmade Cwas made Dwill be made答案：答案：C 解析：考查被动语态的用法。答句中的解析：考查被动语态的用法。答句中的it指的是指的是“新车新车”，显然是后，显然是后

10、面面的谓语动词的谓语动词make的作用对象，所以要使用被动语态，而且的作用对象，所以要使用被动语态，而且“这辆车这辆车”是已经是已经生产生产过的，因此是使用过去时态的被动语态。所以选择过的，因此是使用过去时态的被动语态。所以选择C答案。答案。 ()2.Chinese _ by the largest number of people.(2013南充南充) Aspeaks Bspeak Cis spoken答案：答案：C 解析：考查被动语态用法。当主语是动词的承受者时应用被动语态。解析：考查被动语态用法。当主语是动词的承受者时应用被动语态。句意：汉语被最大数量的人说。故选句意：汉语被最大数量的人

11、说。故选C。 如用其被动，则意义不同。如用其被动，则意义不同。 His clothes are washed well. 他的衣服被洗得很好。他的衣服被洗得很好。(不表自身特征不表自身特征)(4)有些特殊动词如有些特殊动词如let, have等没有被动语态。等没有被动语态。 He was let to go to the party by his parents last night.() His parents let him go to the party last night.()注意：注意：get pp有时也是一种被动语态。有时也是一种被动语态。 All his books got b

12、urnt in the fire.be worth/want/need/require等用等用doing表被动，而不用表被动，而不用being done 表被动。表被动。 This movie is well worth seeing. The broken house needs/wants mending.()4.Why did Tom go to bed so late yesterday? Because his homework _ on time.(2013广安广安) Adidnt finish Bfinish Cwasnt finished答案：答案：C 解析：本题考查一般过去时

13、的被动语态。由问句中解析：本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。由问句中yesterday可知应可知应用一般过去时，排除用一般过去时，排除B项；项；homework与谓语动词与谓语动词finish存在被动关系，故应用存在被动关系，故应用被动语态结构，选被动语态结构，选C。()5.This pair of shoes _ hand，and it _ very comfortable. Ais made with；is felt Bare made from；is felt Care made of；feels Dis made by；feels (2013黄石黄石)答案：答案：D 解析：考查动词的语态。

14、句意：解析：考查动词的语态。句意：“这双鞋是由手工制成的，它摸起来这双鞋是由手工制成的，它摸起来感感觉很舒服。觉很舒服。”主语主语this pair of shoes不能执行谓语动词不能执行谓语动词make，故用被动语态，故用被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数形式，用且主语为第三人称单数形式，用is made by的被动结构；的被动结构；feel为连系动词，不为连系动词，不能能用被动语态，故选用被动语态，故选D。()6.It was reported that nine Chinese people _ in a balloon crash (坠毁坠毁) in Egypt on February

15、26，2013.(2013聊城聊城) Aare killed Bwere killed Cwill kill Dhave killed()3.With the help of the people around China，many beautiful new buildings _ here and there in the earthquakehit area in Sichuan. Acan see Bcan be seen Cwill see(2013凉山凉山) 答案：答案：B。解析：考查动词被动语态。句子主语。解析：考查动词被动语态。句子主语buildings和谓语动词和谓语动词se

16、e存在存在被动关系，主谓语存在被动关系时谓语动词用被动语态表达。三个答案中只有被动关系，主谓语存在被动关系时谓语动词用被动语态表达。三个答案中只有B答案是被动语态形式。答案是被动语态形式。.单项选择。单项选择。C1.Many buildings in Lushan _ in the earthquake on April 20th. It will surely be reconstructed(重建重建)more beautifully.(2013内江内江)Ahave destroyed Bare destroyedCwere destroyed Dare destroyingB2.A lo

17、t of trees _ around here every year，and we can enjoy fresher air now.(2013重庆重庆)Awere planted Bare plantedCwill planted Dare plantingC3.Who designed this game?It _ by Tom in 1999.(2013雅安雅安)Ais designed BdesignsCwas designed DdesignedB4.Do you know who invented the telephone?No.I only know it _ in 187

18、6.(2013成都成都)Ainvented Bwas inventedCInventsD5.Flowers _ along the road last year.(2013北京北京)Aplant BplantedCare planted Dwere planted答案：答案：B. 解析：考查动词被动语态的用法。解析：考查动词被动语态的用法。are killed 是现在时被动语态，是现在时被动语态，were killed 是过去是过去 时被动语态，时被动语态，will kill 是一般将来时是一般将来时“将杀死将杀死”，have killed 是现在完成时，是现在完成时，“已经杀死已经杀死”。根

19、据句意。根据句意“据报道在据报道在2013年年2月月26日日9名名中国公民在埃及的一场气球坠毁事件中遇难。中国公民在埃及的一场气球坠毁事件中遇难。”不难看出这几个人是被动死亡，不难看出这几个人是被动死亡，根据时间和主句是过去时可知要用过去时被动语态，所以选根据时间和主句是过去时可知要用过去时被动语态，所以选B。( )8.This listening material，together with its CDROMs, _ well. Asells Bsell Cis sold Dare sold(2013常州常州)( )9.The sports meeting _ next month.(20

20、13益阳益阳) Awill hold Bis going to hold Cwill be held( )10.Excuse me.Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry.The book you ask for _ out.(2013河南河南) Ais selling Bis sold Cwas selling Dwill be sold( )11.Annie _ to the party.She had a wonderful time with us Ainvites Bis invited Cwas invited Dhas invi

21、ted.(2013河北河北)( )12.Many houses _ in the earthquake of April 20，2013 in Yaan. Ais destroyed Bare destroyed(2013玉林玉林) Cwas destroyed Dwere destroyed( )13.Han Hans books are popular.They _ by many teenagers. Ais read Bwas read Care read Dwere read(2013南宁南宁)( )14.Teenagers _ allowed to drive.(2013衡阳衡阳)

22、 Ashould not be Bshould be not Cnot should be( )6.The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _. Ainvents BinventedCis invented Dwas invented(2013陕西陕西)( )7.On June 11th，2013，Shenzhou10 carrying three astronauts _ into space from the space center in Jiuquan.All the Chinese people are

23、proud of its successful launch.(2013哈尔滨哈尔滨) Asent up Bare sent up Cwas sent upDCACBCDCA .用所给单词的适当形式填空。用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.The man _(fall)off his bike and was sent(send)to the nearest hospital.2Dont move unless you are _(tell)to.3.At the end of last year, a new tall building was _(build)in our school.4He

24、was _ (beat)black and blue all over by his father yesterday.5They were _ (ask)to go home on foot last Friday.6After being badly hurt, she was _(send)to hospital in time.7All my books are _ (keep)on the bookshelves.8.A decision was _(make)yesterday that they all had to move at once.( )15.At present，o

25、ne of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. (2013宜昌宜昌) Aoffer Bare offered Chave offered Dare offering( )16.I want to borrow the book，but I dont know how long it may _. For two weeks.(2013十堰十堰) Akeep Bbe borrowed Cborrow Dbe kept( )17.Many

26、trees _ on the streets every years.So the air is very fresh now.(2013孝感孝感) Aplant Bare planted Cplanted Dwere plantedBDBkeptmadefelltoldbuiltbeatenaskedsent .将下列句子变为被动语态。将下列句子变为被动语态。 1He helps his mother every day. His mother _ _by him every day. 2He is helping his mother at the moment. His mother _

27、 _ _by him at this moment. 3He has helped his mother for two hours today. His mother _ _ _by him for two hours today. 4Im glad to find that people planted many trees in our city last year. Im glad to find that many trees _ _in our city last year. 5You should reture these books to the library on time

28、. These books should _ _to the library on time.9More than three quarters of the earthis _(cover)by water.10While I was on holiday，my camera was _ (steal) from my hotel room.coveredstolenishelpedisbeinghelpedhasbeenhelpedwereplantedbe returnedI单项选择。单项选择。(每小题每小题1分，共分，共10分分)( )1.All of your exercise bo

29、oks must _ to my office. Atake Bbring Cbe put Dbe brought( )2.If noises _ from increasing, people _shout to be heard even at the dinner table in the future. Aare not kept; will have to Bdo not keep; will have to Carent kept; have to Ddont keep; have to( )3.Why does Lingling look so unhappy? She _ by

30、 her classmates. Ais laughed at Bwas laughed Chas been laughed Dhas been laughed at( )4.I havent heard from Henry for a long time. What do you suppose _ to him? Ais happening Bhas happened Chas been happened Dwas happened( )5.A new school _ over there in two years. Amay build Bmay be built Cis built

31、 Dmaybe builtDAABB ( )6.Today, the forests almost have gone. People must_ down too many trees. Astop to cut Bstop from cutting Cbe stopped to cut Dbe stopped cutting ( )7.A lecture on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. Ais given Bhas been given Cwill be given Dwill give ( )8.The naughty

32、 boys each _ over the schoolgate last night. Awere seen climb Bwere seen to climb Cwas seen climb Dwas seen to climb ( )9.Without _， I wont go to his party. Ainvited Bbeing invited Chaving invited Dbe invited ( )10.When I got to the classroom, the blackboard_. Ahas cleaned Bhad cleaned Chas been cleaned Dhad been cleanedDCBBD .用所给单词的适当形式填空。用所给单词的适当形式填空。(每小题每小题2分，共分，共20分分) 1The music was ve