商业管理英文

1、人力资源管理术语人力资源管理: Human Resource Management ,HRM人力资源经理: human resource manager高级管理人员: executive职业: profession道德标准: ethics操作工: (operative employees)专家: (specialist)人力资源认证协会:the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI)外部环境:(external environment)内部环境:(internal environment)政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate c

2、ulture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization)跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)管理多样性:(managing diversity).工作:(job)职位:(position工作分析:(job analysis)工作说明:(job description)工作规范:(job specification)工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionn

3、aire,MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary)地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager).人力资源计划:(Human Resource Planning,HRP)战略规划:(strategic planning)长期趋势:(long term trend)要求预测:(requirement forecast)供给预测:(availability forecast)管理储备:(management inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information S

4、ystem,HRIS).招聘:(recruitment)员工申请表:(employee requisition)招聘方法:(recruitment methods)内部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW)工作公告:(job posting)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency)特殊事件:(special events)实习:(internship).选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客观性:(obje

5、ctivity)规范:(norm)分数线:(cutoff score)准确度:(aiming)工作知识测试:(job knowledge tests)求职面试:(employment interview)非结构化面试:(unstructured interview)结构化面试:(structured interview)小组面试:(group interview)职业兴趣测试:(vocational interest tests)会议型面试:(board interview).组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发:(Human Resource Development,HRD)训练:(train

6、ing)发展:(development)定位:(orientation)训练:(coaching)辅导:(mentoring)经营管理策略:(business games)案例研究:(case study)会议方法:(conference method)角色扮演:(role playing)工作轮调:(job rotating)在职培训:(on-the-job training ,OJT)媒介:(media)企业文化与组织发展企业文化:(corporate culture)组织发展:(organization development,OD)调查回馈:(survey feedback)品管圈:(

7、quality circles)目标管理:(management by objective,MBO)全面质量管理:(Total Quality Management,TQM)团队建设:(team building).职业计划与发展职业:(career)职业计划:(career planning)职业道路:(career path)职业发展:(career development)自我评价:(self-assessment)职业动机:(career anchors).绩效评价绩效评价:(Performance Appraisal,PA)小组评价:(group appraisal)业绩评定表:(r

8、ating scales method)关键事件法:(critical incident method)排列法:(ranking method)平行比较法:(paired comparison)硬性分布法:(forced distribution method)晕圈错误:(halo error)宽松:(leniency)严格:(strictness)回馈:(-degree feedback)叙述法:(essay method)集中趋势:(central tendency).报酬与福利报酬:(compensation)直接经济报酬:(direct financial compensation)间

9、接经济报酬:(indirect financial compensation)非经济报酬:(no financial compensation)公平:(equity)外部公平:(external equity)内部公平:(internal equity)员工公平:(employee equity)小组公平:(team equity)工资水平领先者:(pay leaders)现行工资率:(going rate)工资水平居后者:(pay followers)劳动力市场:(labor market)工作评价:(job evaluation)排列法:(ranking method)分类法:(class

10、ification method)因素比较法:(factor comparison method)评分法:(point method)海氏指示图表个人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method)工作定价:(job pricing)工资等级:(pay grade)工资曲线:(wage curve)工资幅度:(pay range).福利和其他报酬问题福利(间接经济补偿)员工股权计划:(employee stock ownership plan,ESOP)值班津贴:(shift differential)奖金:(incentive compensation)分红制:(

11、profit sharing).安全与健康的工作环境安全:(safety)健康:(health)频率:(frequency rate)紧张:(stress)角色冲突:(role conflict)催眠法:(hypnosis)酗酒:(alcoholism).员工和劳动关系工会:(union)地方工会:(local union)行业工会:(craft union)产业工会:(industrial union)全国工会:(national union)谈判组:(bargaining union)劳资谈判:(collective bargaining)仲裁:(arbitration) 罢工:(stri

12、ke)内部员工关系:(internal employee relations)纪律:(discipline)纪律处分:(disciplinary action)申诉:(grievance)降职:(demotion)调动:(transfer)晋升:(promotion)ABC Classification ABC分类法Activity-Based Costing业务量成本法/作业成本法ACRS (Accelerated cost recovery system)快速成本回收制度Action Message行为/措施信息AIS (Accounting information system)会计信息

13、系统Allocation已分配量Anticipated Delay Report预期延迟报告A/P (Accounts Payable)应付帐款APICS (American Production & Inventory Control Society)美国生产及库存控制协会AQL (Acceptable quality Level)可接受质量水平A/R (Accounts Receivable)应收帐款Automatic Rescheduling自动重排程Available To Promise (APT)可签约量Back flush倒冲法Backlog未完成订单/未结订单Back Sche

14、duling倒序生产排程BE analysis (Break-even analysis)损益平衡点分析Bill of Material (BOM)物料清单Business Plan企画书B/V (Book value)账面价值Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP)能力需求计划CBA (Cost-benefit analysis)成本效益分析CEO执行CFO (Chief Financial Officer)财务长Closed Loop MRP封闭式物料需求规划CPM (Critical path method)关键路径法CPP accounting (Con

15、stant purchasing power accounting)不变购买力会计Cumulative Lead Time累积前置时间Cycle Counting盘点周期Demand需求Demand Management需求管理Demonstrated Capacity实际能力Dependent Demand非独立需求DFL (Degree of financial leverage)财务杠杆系数Direct-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing直接增减库存法Dispatch List派工单DOL (Degree of operating levera

16、ge)经营杠杆系数ELS (Economic lot size)经济批量EOQ (Economic order quantity)经济订货批量FIFO (Fist-in,Fist-out)先进先出法Firm Planned Order确认计划订单FISH/LIFO (Fist-in,Still-here)后进先出法Fixed Order Quantity固定订货批量法Flow Shop流水车间Focus Forecasting集中预测Full Pegging完全跟踪Generally Accepted Manufacturing Practices公认生产管理原则Independent Dem

17、and独立需求Input/Output Control投入/产出控制Interplant Demand厂际需求Inventory Turnover库存周转次数Item物料项目Item Record项目记录Job Shop 工作 / 生产Just-in-time (JIT)及时生产系统Lead Time前置期，指订单从收到具体明细到货到货仓收到落货纸这一段时间，可以用评估工厂的综合实力。Level层Load负荷Lot for Lot按需求订货法LP (Linear programming)线性规划Machine Loading机器负载Make-to-order Product (MTO)订单生产

18、Make-to-stock Product (MTS)计划性生产Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP)物料生产规画Master Production Schedule (MPS)主生产计划Material Requirements Planning (MRP)物料需求计划MBO (Management by objective)目标管理Net Change MRP净变物料需求计划Net Requirements净需求On-hand Balance现在库存量Open Order未结订单/开放订单Order Entry订单输入Order Promising订货承

19、诺Pegging溯源Picking领料/提货Picking List领料单Planned Order计划订单Post-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing (Backflush)后减库存处理法/倒冲法Pre-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing前减库存处理法Production Planning生产规划Projected Available Balance预计可用库存queue队列queue Time等待时间Regeneration MRP再生法Rescheduling Assumption重排假设Resour

20、ce Requirement Planning资源需求计划Rough-cut Capacity Planning粗略产能规划Routing路线Safety Stock安全库存Safety Time保险期Scheduled Receipt预计入库量Scrap Factor /废品系数Service Parts维修零件Shop Floor Control现场生产管制Shrinkage Factor损耗系数Time Bucket时段Time Fence时界VE (value engineering)价值工程Vendor Scheduling采购计划法Work Center工作中心Work in Pr

21、ocess (WIP)在制品ZBB (Zero based Budgeting)零基预算Zero Inventories零库存Key Words for TOEICBusiness篇Aaccounting year 会计年度accounts 账户 户头acid tested ratio 测试值acquisition 获得added value 附加价值advertising agencies 广告商Advertising Standards Authority广告标准局Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration咨商 和解 安抚 仲裁 调停aging popul

22、ation 老化人口agents 代理商agreed takeover 同意接收aims 目标air transportation 空中运输allocation 分配 配额amalgamated 合并analysts分析师annual 每年applications 申请area 地区 领域Articles of Association 条款assembly line 生产线assets 资产assurance companies 保险公司auction 拍卖authorities (leadership) 当局 权威automation 自动化average revenue 平均营收 (税捐处

23、)Bbalance of payments 国际收支balance 收支 差额 余额balance in hand 余额strike a balance 结算hold a balance 决定权balance of trade 贸易差额bank charges 银行收费bank deposits 银行存款bank loan 银行贷款bank overdraft 银行透支bankruptcy 破产barriers to trade 贸易障碍bid 投标 出价blue collar workers 蓝领工人board of trade 同业工会body language 身体语言bonds 基金b

24、onus 红利boom 繁荣boycott (v.) 抵制brand 厂牌 商标break-even point 损益平衡点budget 预算bureaucratic 官僚作风的business ethics 商业伦理buyer market 买方市场buying on impulse 冲动购买Ccable and wireless 电缆 无线的capital (working capital) 资金capital account 固定资产账户capital assets资本资产capital budget 资本预算capital goods 资本财capital investment 资本投

25、资cash flow 资金流量cash down 以现金付款cash box 金库cash dividends 现金股利cashier 出纳员central government 中央政府centralization 中央集权Certificate of Incorporation 公司执照chains of retailers 连锁零售商Chancellor of Exchange 财政部长channel of communication 沟通管道channel of distribution 配销管道charities 慈善collateral security 附属担保品collecti

26、ve bargaining 劳资双方所作之协商comet 彗星color wash 水洗concur 意见一致condemn 责难conduce 促成 (conducive to 有助于)command economy 控制经济commission佣金 手续费common market 共同市场competitive market 具竞争性的市场computer aided design 计算机辅助设计conciliation 和解 抚慰conditions 条件conference 会议congestion 拥塞conglomerate merger 集团企业合并consumer co-op

27、erative消费者合作社consumer goods 消费财container 货柜contested takeover 竞赛似接收contract 契约contribution 贡献costs 成本direct cost 直接成本indirect cost 间接成本overhead cost间接成本variable costs 变动成本counterman 止付 取消countersign 签署credit 信用letter of credit 信用状currencies 货币current account deficit 活期存款不足current assets 流动资产current

28、liabilities流动负债curriculum vitae 课程表Customs 海关 关税 (custom house)customs broker 报关行customs duty 海关关税customs entry 报关customs tariff 海关税率Ddatabase 数据库debtors 负债者debts 债务decentralization 地方分权declining market 衰退市场deductions 扣除Deed of Partnership 合伙契据 合约a written deed 文件的契据delay 耽误Delegation 代表 授权 托付demand

29、 要求demography 人口学demotivation 降低动机department 部门design 设计devolve 移交 (职权)discounting 打折disabled workers 残障工人discrimination 歧视dismissal 解散 免职 解雇distribution 分配、传递distributors 供货商diversification 多样化dividends 股利division of labor 劳工部门divorce of ownership 拆伙draft 汇票dumping 倾销Eeconomic growth 经济成长economy 经济

30、efficiency 效率electronic mail 电子邮件employee 雇员employers 雇主employment 就业empowerment 授权enterprise zones 企业区entrepreneur 企业environment 环境equal opportunities 机会均等ethics 伦理European Union 欧洲联盟Eurobond 欧元European Monetary Union 欧洲货币联盟exchange rates 交换汇率experiments 实验exports 出口extension strategies 扩张策略externa

31、l communication 外在沟通Ffactors 因素fax 传真feedback 回馈field research 实地调查finance 财务financial investment 财务投资financing 融资fiscal policy 财政政策fixed assets 固定资产floating share 浮动股金flow production 流动生产forecasting 预测foreign currency 外国货币formal channel 正式管道franchise 经销权franchisee 特许经营人free market economy 利伯维尔场经济fr

32、inge benefits 福利full-costing pricing完全成本定价法function 功能functional 有功能的Ggap in the market 市场差异gearing ratio 杠杆比率gender 性别goods 货物goodwill 善意government regulations 政府条例government spending 政府支出grant maintained school中央政府直接支助的学校grants 同意gross earnings 总收益gross pay / profit 薪资费用 / 收益gross profit margin销货毛

33、利率HHealth and Safety Inspectorate 健康安全检查署hierarchy 等级制度horizontal communication 平行沟通household 家庭human relations 人际关系human resources人力资源Iimpulse buyers 冲动型买主incentives 诱因income tax 所得税increment 增加independent 依赖性induction 诱导industrial action 罢工、怠工inflation 膨胀informal 非正式information technology 信息科技infr

34、astructure 基础建设insolvent 无力偿还者instruction manuals 教学手册intangible 摸不到的integration 整合interdependence 相互依赖interest 利息、 利益internal organization 内部组织insurance fit 保险工具interview 访视、访问、面试investment 投资invoices 发票job application form 工作申请表job description 工作内容enlargement 扩大enrichment 丰富production 生产satisfacti

35、on 工作满意度joint consultative committee联合咨询委员会joint venture 合资just-in-time production 及时生产系统Llabor 劳工laissez-faire leader 放任式领导launch 开始layout by process程序布置lean production 精实生产lease 租赁liabilities 负债life cycle 生命周期limited companies 有限公司limited liability 有限负债line manager生产线经理liquid assets 流动资产liquidatio

36、n 清偿(债务)loans 贷款local authorities 地方政府location 地点long term 长期loss 损失Mmail order 邮购Mangers 经理managing directors 主任manuals 手册manufacturing industry制造业margin of safety 安全边际mark-up 弥补market force 市场力量maturity 成熟orientated 取向price 价位segments 区段、一部分mass market 大众市场mass production 大量生产maturity stage 成熟阶段me

37、dia advertisement 媒体广告memo 备忘录Memorandum of Association 公司章程merchant bank 商业银行merchantable quality 产品质量mergers 合并methods 方法minute (v)渺小modem 现代的monetary 货币的monopoly 独占的mortgages 抵押motivation 动机multiple 多重的multinationals 跨多国公司Nnon-sales revenues 非销售收入non-verbal 非语言notice通知Oobjectives 目标observation 观察

38、occupation 职业occupational pension 劳工退休金on the job training 在职训练off the job training职外训练open letter 公开信market 公开市场ordinary shares 普通股organization组织Oriental 东方outgoing 外向overhead 间接overdraft (limit) 透支overstocking 库存overtime 逾时Ppackaging 包裹parent company 母公司partnership 合伙关系payment 付款penetration pricin

39、g 渗透定价peninsular 半岛pension funds 退休基金pensions 退休金planned purchases 计划性购买planning permission规划许可point-of-sale material 销售点物料pollution 污染population 人口postal survey邮递式调查preference shares优先股premium price收益增加pressure groups压力团体price 价格pricing 定价primary data原始资料(private 私人private limited co.私人有限公司product

40、differentiation 产品差异性product range 产品范围profit and loss account 损益表promotion 促销prototype 原型public corporation公营企业public relation 公共关系public sector 公营purchase 购买pyramid 金字塔Qquality control 品管questionnaires问卷quota 配额 (random sample) 随机取样Rrail transport 铁路运输rate 率ratio 比率raw materials 原料recession 经济萧条receipts 收据receiver 收件者record 纪录recruitment 招生redundancy 多余reference 参考 推荐信register 注册rent 租reserve 保留respondents 回信者responsibility 责任retail cooperation 零售合作retailing 零售retained profit 保留盈余retire