化学英语词汇

1、化学常用词汇汉英对照表氨基酸铵盐饱和链烃s a t ur at edal i p ha t i chy dr ocar bonbenzene变性d e n a t u r a t ion不饱和烃uns a t ur at edhydr ocar bon超导材料super c onduc t i vema t e r i a lozone次氯酸钾pot as sium hypoc hlo r i t e醋酸钠sodiu m a c e ta t e蛋白质p r o t e in氮族元素ni t r o gen g r ou p ele me n t碘化钾肥皂p o t a s s i u m i

2、 o d i d e碘化钠sodi u mi o di d e电化学腐蚀el ec t r oc hemi cal cor r osi on电解质ele c t ro l y t e电离平衡i oni z ati o n eq ui li br i u m电子云e l e c t r o ncloud淀粉s t arch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper二氧化氮n i t rogend i ox i d e二氧化硅s i li c o nd i ox i d e二氧化硫sulphurd i ox i d e二氧化锰ma n ganesedi ox i d

3、e芳香烃arene放热反响ex ot he r mi cr e ac t i on非极性分子non-po l armo le c ul e非极性键non- p o larbondsoap酚复合材料干电池干馏甘油高分子化合共价键pcdd r y d igl物covahenols t i l l a t i o n官能团f u n c t i on a l光化学烟雾phot ochemi c al f og过氧化氢hydr ogen per ox i de合成材料sy nt het i c合成纤维s y n t he t i c合成橡胶s y nt he t i cr ubb er电荷数n uc

4、l earc h ar g e核素nuc化学反响速率c h e mi c a l r e a c t i o n r a t e化 学 键 c h e m i c a l b o n d化学平衡che m icalequi l i br i um复原剂reducingagent磺化反响sulfon a t ionr ea ct i on霍尔槽HullCe极性分子pol a rmol e c u l e极性键po l arbond加成反响additionrea c t i o n加 聚 反 应 a d d i t i o n p o l y me r i z a t i o n甲 烷 m e t

5、 h a n e碱 金 属 a l k a l i me t a l碱 石 灰 s o d a l i m e结 构 式 s t r u c t u r a l f o r mu l a聚合反响p o 1 y me r i可逆反响r ever s i bl er eac t i on空气污染指数a i r pol l ut i on i nde x勒夏特列原理Le Chat el i er s pr i nc i pl e离子反响on离子方程式on离子键onibon锂电池um两性氢氧化物a mp h o t e richy dr ox i de两性氧化物c o x i de裂化in裂解yros

6、i硫氰化钾po t a shiocyan at e硫酸钠sod氯化铵a m moum氯化钡arordeposi:口口alnimagnesienchlor氯化铁氯水麦芽糖 煤 酶 摩尔 摩尔质量 品红葡萄糖气体摩尔体积铅蓄电池强电解质氢氟酸氢氧化铝取代反响醛coenz炔烃mo l a rl ead s ts t r ongchl o r i de e w a t e rt o s ealy m eo l ea r m a s sf u c h s i n eucosev o l u m e o f g a sor age ba t t er ye l ect r ol y t ehy dr o

7、genc hl or i desubs t ialni um hy dr oxi det ut i on r eac t i ondehyde燃料电池uel弱电解质weakelect石油Petreum水解反响hy dr olysieac t ion四氯化碳c ar bonac hl orde塑料tic塑料的降解pl a ston塑料的老ng酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration酸雨acidai羧酸xy碳酸sodonat碳酸氢a m mocarbona碳酸氢钠sodcarona糖类caydathyarbo烃的衍生物athydocarbon烃基h y d

8、r o c a rbony同分异构体同素异形体同位素sotope系物h o m o 1og涂料coatng烷烃alkane物质的量s u b s t a n c e物质的量浓度amount - of - subst anc econ cent r a t i on of烯洗涤纤维相对分子质量相对原子质烃剂d素cr e l a t ir e l a ta l k ee te r ge llu lv e m o l e c u li v e a t o mineentose消去反响eli m i n a t i o n硝化反响n i t r a t l o n硝酸钡umni硝酸银溴的四氯化碳溶液

9、solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠odiuro溴水brinwa溴水mi盐类的olisofltut盐析st氧化剂agen:口口alxixiolthhy乙烯en银镜反响s i l v e r m i r r o r r e a c t i o n硬脂酸油脂and有机化合物c o m p o u n d元素周期表e l e me n t s元素周期律原电池b a t t e r y原子序数皂化反响saponion粘合剂adhesve蔗糖sucose指示剂catorester酯化反响on周期p e r i o dg r o u p ( 主 族

10、： m a i nBunsenburner本生灯prdi c atduct学反应产paratusPHgre,ib值指示剂, 氢离子 浓度的负指数指示剂筒,蒸八、s t i ecgr a t o a t o a t o m elc e iisr r i n g r o d 搅 拌 棒 l e m e n t 元 素 body物体o m p o u n d 化 合 物 atom原子a m a t o m 克 原 子 m icw e i ght原子量m icn u m ber原子数m i c m a s s 原 子 质 量o l e c u l ee c t r o l y t eaniona t

11、i o nl e c t r o nsotope分子电解质离子阴离子阳离子电子同位素同分异物现象pol聚合物s y m b o复合adical分子式valencev a l e n c yovalent单价a l e n thalogen成盐元素bond原子的聚合mixt混合on合成作用o m p o und合成物organiali n o r g a n i cderser合金vees有机化学无机化学衍生物系列hydrochlo r icsulphuricnitricaaquaforfattyaca c i d 盐 酸 aci d硫酸cid硝酸tis王水i d 脂 肪 酸or gani c

12、aci d 有机 酸h y dr os u l ph ur i c氢硫酸hydrogens u l f i d e氢化硫alkal碱,强碱mmoasydrat水合物h y d r o x ide氢氧化物羟化物hydraci氢酸hydrocarbon碳氢化合物anhydrdea l k a loi生物碱a l d e h y d eoxide氧化物phosphat磷酸盐cet醋酸盐hane甲烷,沼气butane丁烷saltumcarbonat碳酸钾oda苏打sodiumcarbonat碳酸钠potash苛性钾caustsoda苛性钠estergel凝胶体analysi分解on分馏exotr e

13、a c t i o n 放 热 反 应p i t a t ion沉淀topi沉淀toto蒸馏toon蒸馏totocaloxinization煅烧氧化碱化to脱氧氧化toneut中和tohydrogenat氢化toh y d r a t e水合水化todehydrat脱水eron发酵solu t i o n溶解燃烧m e l t i n g熔解碱性a l k a l i同分异物现象hydrolysi水解elect电解elect电极anod阳极正极cathode阴极负极c a t a lyst催化剂ysi催化作用on氧化educer复原剂dissol分解synthesi合成sibl可逆的Actin

14、ium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝 Americium(Am) 镅 Antimony(Sb) 锑 Argon(Ar) 氩 Arsenic(As) 砷 Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(

15、Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawre

16、ncium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔 Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni)镍Niobium(Nb)铌Nitrogen(N)氮Nobelium(No)锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd)钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt)铂Plutonium(Pu)钚Polonium

17、(Po)钋Potassium(K)钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra)镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re)铼Rhodium(Rh)铑Rubidium(Rb)铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc)钪Selenium(Se)硒Silicon(Si)硅Silver(Ag)银Sodium(Na)钠Strontium(Sr)锶Sulphur(S)锍Tantalum(Ta)钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te)碲Terbium(Tb)铽Th

18、allium(Tl)铊Thorium(Th)钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm)铥Titanium(Ti)钛Tungsten(W)钨Uranium(U)铀Vanadium(V)钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation范德

19、华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions反响热13. Hess s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation生成焓15. Reaction Rates

20、 反响速率16. Reaction Order 反响级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反响机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant25. the Direction of Reaction平衡常数反响方向26. Le Chatelier s Pri

21、nciple列沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy)熵标准熵30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissoci

22、ation of Water水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH 值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions质子转移反响39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs共轭酸碱对酸碱的相对强度40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions金属离子的

23、水解43. Buffer Solutions缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions配离子的形成47. Solubility溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions离子的沉淀与别离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

24、氧化复原反响52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations氧化复原反响方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反响55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents氧化剂和复原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis电解62. The Wav

25、e Behavior of Electrons电子的波动性63. Bohr s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p，d，f )轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle泡林不相容原理72.

26、Electron Configurations电子构型73. The Periodic Table周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers同位素，原子数， 质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy电离能80. Electronegativity电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge有效核电荷82. Electron Affinit

27、ies亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级

28、96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids离

29、子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶竭力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何

30、构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics共性125. s-Block Elements s 区元素126. Alkali

31、Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p 区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 镓，铟，铊)135. Borane 硼烷硼族硼，铝，136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germ

32、anium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳，硅，锗，锡，铅137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐硅的存在和制备141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 锑，铋)142. Am

33、monia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium)氮族磷，砷，氧族元素氧，硫，硒，碲145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine)148. Halides, Chloride卤化物，氯化物149.

34、 The Noble Gases 稀有气体卤素氟，氯，溴，碘150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d 区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f 区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Che

35、mistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry分析化学163. qualitative analysis定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法regent 试剂 chromatographic analysis 色谱分析 produ

36、ct 产物 electrochemical analysis电化学分析on-line analysis 在线分析 macro analysis 常量分析 characteristic 表征 micro analysis微量分析deformation analysis 形态分析 semimicro analysis 半微量分析 systematical error 系统误差 routine analysis 常规分析 random error 偶然误差arbitration analysis 仲裁分析 gross error 过失误差 normal distribution 正态分布 accur

37、acy 准确度 deviation precisionrelative standard deviation coefficient variation confidence level confidence interval significant test significant figure standard solution titration stoichiometric point end point titration error primary standard amount of substancestandardization chemical reaction conce

38、ntrationchemical equilibrium titer偏差 精密度相对标准偏差 RSD 变异系数 CV 置信水平 置信区间 显著性检验 有效数字 标准溶液 滴定 化学计量点 滴定终点 滴定误差 基准物质 物质的量化学反响 浓度化学平衡滴定度general equation for a chemical reaction proton theory of acid-base acid-base titration dissociation constant conjugate acid-base pair acetic acid hydronium ion electrolyte化

39、学反响的通式 酸碱质子理论 酸碱滴定法 解离常数 共轭酸碱对 乙酸 水合氢离子 电解质169.170.171.172.173.174.175.176.177.178.179.180.181.182.183.184.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.195.196.197.198.199.200.201.202.203.204.205.206.207.208.209.210.211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.226.227.228.229.230.231.232.2

40、33.234.235.236.237.238.239.240.241.242.243.244.245.246.247.248.249.250.251.252.253.254.255.256.257.258.ion-product constant of water ionizationproton condition zero level buffer solution methyl orange acid-base indicator phenolphthalein coordination compound center ion cumulative stability constant

41、alpha coefficient overall stability constant ligand ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid side reaction coefficient coordination atom coordination number lone pair electron chelate compound metal indicator chelating agent masking demasking electron水的离子积 电离 质子平衡 零水准 缓冲溶液 甲基橙 酸碱指示剂 酚酞 配位化合物 中心离子累积稳定常数 酸效应系

42、数 总稳定常数 配位体乙二胺四乙酸 副反响系数 配位原子 配位数 孤对电子 螯合物 金属指示剂 螯合剂 掩蔽解蔽电子catalysis oxidation catalyst reduction catalytic reaction reaction rate electrode potential activation energy redox couple potassium permanganate iodimetry potassium dichromate cerimetry redox indicator oxygen consuming chemical oxygen demand

43、ed 催化氧化催化剂复原催化反响反响速率电极电势反响的活化能氧化复原电对高锰酸钾碘量法重铬酸钾铈量法 氧化复原指示 耗氧量( OC) 化学需氧量 (COD)dissolved oxygen溶解氧 (DO)precipitation 沉淀反响 argentimetry银量法heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259.260.261.262.263.264.265.266.267.268.269.270.271.272.273.274.275.276.277.278.279.280.281.282.283.284.285.286.287.288.289.

44、290.291.292.293.294.295.296.297.298.299.300.301.302.303.aging postprecipitation coprecipitation ignition fitration decantation chemical factor spectrophotometry colorimetry transmittance absorptivity calibration curve standard curve monochromatorsource陈化继沉淀 共沉淀 灼烧过滤倾泻法化学因数 分光光度法 比色分析 透光率 吸光率 校正曲线 标准

45、曲线单色器光源wavelength dispersion absorption cell detector bathochromic shift Molar absorptivity hypochromic shift acetylene 乙炔 ethylene 乙烯 acetylating agent acetic acid 乙酸色散 吸收池 检测系统 红移 摩尔吸光系数紫移乙酰化剂adiethyl ether乙醚ethyl alcohol 乙醇 acetaldehtde 乙醛B -dicarbontl compound bimolecular eliminationB -二羰基化合物双分子

46、消除反响bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反响open chain compound 开链族化合物molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论chiral molecule 手性分子tautomerism 互变异构现象reaction mechanism 反响历程 chemical shift 化学位移 Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转 n Enantiomorph 对映体 addition rea ction 加成反响 dextro- 右旋 levo- 左旋 stereochemistry 立体化学 stere

47、o isomer立体异构体Lucas reagent卢卡斯试剂304.305.306.307.308.309.310.311.312.313.314.315.316.317.318.319.320.321.322.323.324.325.326.327.328.329.330.331.332.333.334.335.336.337.338.339.340.341.342.343.344.345.346.347.348.covalent bond 共价键 conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃 conjugated double bond 共轭双键 conjugated system 共轭体系 conjugated effect 共轭效应 isomer 同分异构体 isomerism 同分异构现象 organic chemistry 有机化学 hybridization 杂化 hybrid orbital 杂化轨道 heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物 peroxide effect 过氧化物效应 t valence bond theory 价键理论 sequence rule 次序规