名词性从句 (4)

1、The question is who can complete the difficult task. He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is. That she was able to come made us very happy. He objected that it was impossible.表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句名词性从句名词性从句 一、主语从句一、主语从句 主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语 That she was chosen made us v

2、ery happy. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注注】 “that”在主语从句中不作任何成分，但放在句首时不能省略。在主语从句中不作任何成分，但放在句首时不能省略。想想看：怎么才能想想看：怎么才能 that 不放在句首呢？不放在句首呢？ 【注注】有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”，常用常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。It depends on th

3、e climate whether they are going shopping today. 试试看：试试看：新产品销售得好不好取决于它的质量和价格。新产品销售得好不好取决于它的质量和价格。 (depend on)形式主语常用结构形式主语常用结构vIt+ be +形容词形容词+ that从句从句It is strange that he knows nothing about it.vIt+ be +名词名词+ that从句从句It is a pity that they have failed in the match.vIt+动词动词+宾语宾语+ that从句从句It depends

4、on its quality and price whether a new product sells well.vIt+动词的被动结构动词的被动结构+ that从句从句It is still unknown which team will win the match.作文常用句式作文常用句式vIt turned out that .结果是结果是vIt has been proved that .已经证明已经证明vIt is well-known that .众所周知众所周知vIt must be pointed out that . 必须指出必须指出三、宾语从句三、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合

5、句中作主句的宾语，宾语从宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，宾语从 句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。 She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic. 【注注】有时要用有时要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 如如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引后接特殊疑问词引 导的宾语从句，疑问

6、词要放在句首。导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在句首。 What do you think is going on outside? I/We (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句后接宾语从句 时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。 I dont suppose he cares，does he? 在宾语从句中，引导词在宾语从句中，引导词whether和和if基本一样，但介词后的宾语基本一样，但介词后的宾语 从句多用从句多用whether。 It all depends upon whe

7、ther we can get their cooperation. 动词动词doubt如用于肯定句，其后的宾语从句常用如用于肯定句，其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导，引导，如用于否定句或疑问句，则宾语从句用如用于否定句或疑问句，则宾语从句用that引导。引导。I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I dont doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.引导宾语从句的连接词引导宾语从句的连接词that通常不能省略的情况：通常不能省略的情况：v在动词在动词agree,

8、argue, assure, hold, indicate, maintain, inform, object, suggest等后接宾语从句时，等后接宾语从句时，that通常不省略。例如：通常不省略。例如： I assure you that youre mistaken. He objected that it was impossible.v主句谓语动词后接两个并列的宾语从句时，连接第二个宾主句谓语动词后接两个并列的宾语从句时，连接第二个宾语从句的语从句的that不可省略。例如：不可省略。例如： He said he couldnt tell you right away and tha

9、t you wouldnt understand. I know you arent a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor.二、表语从句二、表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语 The reason is that you dont trust her. This is where I disagree. The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied reason 后面的表语从句只能用后面的表语从句只能用that 引导引导,

10、不能用不能用because 引导引导, 但但reason后面的定语从句可以用后面的定语从句可以用why。v 表语从句不能用表语从句不能用if引导，但可用引导，但可用as if引导。例如：引导。例如： He looked as if he was going to cry.thatwhy宾语从句作介词的宾语：宾语从句作介词的宾语：v A modem city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.v The shopkeeper did not want to sell for what he thought was not

11、enough.v Mary wrote an article on why the team has failed to win the game. 介词后通常不跟由介词后通常不跟由that引导的从句，但可以跟引导的从句，但可以跟the fact that从句结构作宾语。例如：从句结构作宾语。例如：v He was held responsible for the fact that his dog had bitten his neighbor.v He refused to help me despite the fact that I asked him several times. 试

12、试看：现在没有人会对地球是圆的这一事实提出异议。试试看：现在没有人会对地球是圆的这一事实提出异议。(challenge)1.引导词引导词that与与what的区别的区别v what从句中作句子成分从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等主语、宾语、表语等) what=all that/everything thatv that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略 What we cant get seems better than what we have. That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is

13、true. 五、名词性从句的难点五、名词性从句的难点2.引导词引导词if和和whether的区别的区别v whether或或if均可表示均可表示“是否是否”的情况如下：的情况如下： 引导宾语从句。例如：引导宾语从句。例如：I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.v只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if表示表示“是否是否”的情况：的情况： 在表语从句中。例如：在表语从句中。例如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing.在同在同位语从句中。例如：位语从句中。例如： The news whe

14、ther our team has won the match is unknown. Answer my question whether you are coming.在主语从句中。例如：在主语从句中。例如： Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 如果用如果用it作形式主语，则作形式主语，则whether和和if都能引导主语从句。都能引导主语从句。例如：例如：It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting. 四、同位语从句四、同位语从句

15、 同位语同位语: Wang Lin, a diligent student, refused all help that was offered him. 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从 句常放在句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名词后面，用以说明该名词的具体内容。等名词后面，用以说明该名词的具体内容。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.

16、 v 引导同位语从句的关联词用引导同位语从句的关联词用that时，时，不能不能省略，省略，不能用不能用which替代替代。3.引导词引导词who与与whoever的区别的区别 whoever引导名词性从句时，相当于引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who或或those who，它，它 既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语，它只作从句的主语，它 引导的从句才是主句的主语。引导的从句才是主句的主语。 Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. Who will

17、 be elected president doesnt make much difference to me. 4.引导词引导词what与与whatever的区别的区别 whatever引导名词性从句时，与引导名词性从句时，与what差不多，只是语气上更强差不多，只是语气上更强 些，有些，有“任何一切任何一切”之意。之意。v This is exactly what I want.v It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 用于句型用于句型“名词名词+as to + whether

18、”中。例如：中。例如： There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the accident.后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如：后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not.后面紧接后面紧接or not时。例如：时。例如： We didnt know whether or not she was ready.用用if会引起歧义时。例如：会引起歧义时。例如： Please let me know if you like it. 该句有两个意思该句

19、有两个意思 “请告诉我你是否喜欢请告诉我你是否喜欢”或或 “如果你如果你喜欢，请告喜欢，请告 诉我诉我”用了用了 whether就可以避免歧义。就可以避免歧义。 名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：1. He has done what he can to help me. He has done _ _ he can to help me.2. What I want to say has nothing to do with it. _ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.3. Whoever breaks the

20、 law is to be punished. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. all thatAll that Anyone whoanyone who5. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.6. The

21、y will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. Ill read whichever book you give me. Ill read _ of the books _ you give me. anyone (whom)anything thatanythat5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句本身完整，定语从句不完整，因此其前的名词同位语从句本身完整，定语从句不完整，因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。在定语从句中通常作主语、

22、宾语或表语等成分。 I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 从结构看，同位语从句常由连接词从结构看，同位语从句常由连接词that引导，虽在从句中引导，虽在从句中不充不充 当任何成分当任何成分,但不可省略但不可省略。而定语从句中由关系代词。而定语从句中由关系代词引导，代替先行引导，代替先行 词，并在从句中充当成分（主语或宾语），词，并在从句中充当成分（主语或宾语），充当宾语时常可省

23、略。充当宾语时常可省略。 定语定语同位语同位语6. It 作形式主语和作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较将将 “it is/wasthat”去掉后去掉后,句子仍然成立的是句子仍然成立的是强调句强调句,否则否则是是that引导的主引导的主语语从从句句 如：如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.7.whoever与与no matter who；whatever与

24、与no matter what whoever和和whatever既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语 从句；从句；no matter who和和no matter what只引导让步状语从句。只引导让步状语从句。 Whatever(No matter what) you may think，Im going ahead with my plans. Take whatever you need and leave me alone.8.名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序 名词性从句一律用陈述语序。名词性从句一律用陈述语序。 No one will be

25、sure what man will look like in a million years. 没人知道百万年后人会是什么样子。没人知道百万年后人会是什么样子。 1. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which2.Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. A.what B.why C.how D.whether3.The seaside here draws a lot of t

26、ourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. A.what B.which C.how D.where4.You can only be sure of _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. A.that；what B.what；/ C.which；that D./；that5.Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? Thats _ the best

27、jobs are. A.where B.what C.when D.why 6.Having checked the doors were closed，and _ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A.why B.that C.when D.where7.The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A.when B.why C.whether D.that 10.Nobo

28、dy believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A.why B.that C.where D.because11._ different life is today from _ it used to be ten years ago! A.How；what B.What；what C.How；that D.What；that 12.Do you think it a must for me to try to do everything for

29、my children? No，thats _ you are mistaken；they should do something on their own. A.where B.when C.so D.how 13.I was shocked by the news，which made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A.how B.which C.what D.that 14.I was close to being killed the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was

30、a dangerous speed. A.as B.which C.what D.that15.I am lucky _ the thing I enjoy doing more is _ Ive ended up doing. A.what；what B.that；what C.what；that D.that；that 9.名词性从句中的语气名词性从句中的语气 (1)在在It is necessary/natural/important/strange.that从句中，从句中， 从句中的谓语动词用从句中的谓语动词用“should原形动词原形动词”表虚拟语气，表虚拟语气，且且should可省

31、略。可省略。 It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. (2)表示表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”意义的动词，后接意义的动词，后接that从句从句时，从句时，从句 中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should原形动词原形动词”，且且should 可省略。可省略。 Bobs doctor suggests that he(should) rest for a few days. (3)表示表示“建议、要求、命令、想法建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接意义的名词，后接that从从句

32、时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气：句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气：“should动词原动词原形形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：可以省略。这类名词有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand, determination，order， preference，proposal，request，requirement等。等。 This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 同样，如主语是表示同样，如主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法建议、要求、命

33、令、想法”意义的名意义的名词，词， 那么那么that引导的表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。引导的表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。Her suggestion was that they (should) carry on their conversation in French.8.Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night. A.which B.that C.what D.when9._ team wins on Sa

34、turday will go through to the national championships. A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 1.put on quickly, or you ll late again. X 2.The girl always seats on the last row. X 3.put on your coat quickly, or youyll be late again. 4. The girl always sits/is seated in the last row.

35、 5. Tom,who come from America,he study X chinese in our school. 6.It is the first time that l came to the foot of the hill by this bike.X 7.Tom, who comes from America ,studies chinese in our school . 8.It is the first time that l have come to the foot of the hill by bike/on the bike. Xiao Ming is a

36、 Middle School student . He is a student of Beijing No. 80 high school .He is good at English and other subjects. He likes basketball and badminton.He often helps me with my English. He is often praised by our teachers. He makes progress every day. Xiao Ming is a Middle School student, who studies i

37、n Beijing No. 80 High School . He does well in English as well as in other subjects, Whats more , he likes basketball and badminton. In his spare time he often does us a favour to learn English . How nice a student he is and our teachers often praise him. Xiao Ming is a Middle School student studyin

38、g in Beijing No. 80 High School. Not only does he learn English very well but also he is good at other subjects as well . Besides , he is a good basketball and badminton player. What impresses us most is that he often helps us with English. Thats why our teachers praise him so often. A big fire broke out in the southwest of the United States late in October,2008. The fire was caused by a young worker smoking carelessly in the forest . Thousands of firemen and local people fought bravely against the fire untill it was completely put out . Th