金属工艺学_名词解释（Metal technology _ Glossary）

1、金属工艺学_名词解释（Metal technology _ Glossary）Noun interpretation1, machining accuracy and machining errorMachining accuracy refers to the degree of the actual value of the parameters such as size, shape and position of the parts after processing, and the degree of conformity with the ideal value;Machining

2、 error refers to the change of the actual value and ideal value between the parameters such as size, shape and position of the parts after processing.2, positive connection and reverse connectionThe welding electrode is connected with the positive electrode, and the welding electrode is connected wi

3、th the negative electrode; the reverse connection is the negative electrode of the weldment and the electrode is connected to the positive electrode.3. Forward milling and reverse millingForward milling: the rotation direction of the milling cutter is the same as the feed direction of the workpiece;

4、 the reverse milling: the rotation direction of the milling cutter is opposite to the workpiece direction.4. Mechanical properties of engineering materialsRefers to its performance under the influence of a variety of external forces, such as strength, hardness, plasticity, impact toughness, fatigue

5、strength, etc.5, process, installation and work stepA process is a process in which one or a group of parts is continuously completed at a work site. It is a workThe basic component of the art process is also the basic unit for the installation of the production plan; the installation refers to the

6、part which is completed in the one time clampingThe technological process is the process that the machined surface, the cutting tool and the cutting parameters are kept unchanged.6. Welding process parameters of manual arc weldingThe welding process parameter refers to the general name of the select

7、ed physical quantity in order to ensure the welding quality and increase the productivityThe welding parameters of arc welding mainly include: electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, arc length and welding layer number.7. Cutting parametersThe three main parameters in cutting and cutting

8、 movement is directly related to the cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth, usually think of thisThe three element is called the three element of the amount of cutting.8, grinding cylindrical grinding method, transverse grinding method and deep grinding methodThe longitudinal grinding method is

9、 the longitudinal reciprocating movement of the workpiece with the worktable, i.e., the longitudinal feed, and the transverse feed of the sand rotation at the end of each stroke,After grinding to the dimension, the grinding stroke without transverse feed is achieved until the spark disappears;The tr

10、ansverse grinding method is that the workpiece is not fed longitudinally, and the grinding wheel is fed transversely or intermittently to the workpiece at a slow speed until it is added to the workpieceCompletion of work;The deep grinding method is to finish rough grinding and semi fine grinding wit

11、h the inclined plane of the grinding wheel, and finish grinding and polishing with the largest excircleCompletion.9. Elasticity, impact toughness and fatigue strengthThe material is deformed when subjected to external force. When the external force is removed, the performance of the material can be

12、restored to its original shape, which is called elasticity;The impact absorbing power of the material in the unit area before fracture is called impact toughness;The maximum stress that the material does not cause to break under repeated repeated alternating load is called fatigue strength.10. Surfa

13、ce strengthening process of steelThe overall heat treatment of steel can not improve the hardness and toughness of steel at the same time, while some machine parts require the surface and coreDifferent properties must be met by various surface strengthening processes, such as surface heat treatment

14、and surface deformation strengthening,Surface coating strengthening.11. Recovery and recrystallizationWhen the metal is heated above a certain temperature, the thermal motion is aggravated due to the heat energy obtained by the atom, and it is eliminated by a small amount of diffusion of atomsThe la

15、ttice distortion and internal stress, thus partly eliminate work hardening, this process is called reply;When the metal is heated to a higher temperature, the atom gets more heat energy, and the diffusion ability is greatly strengthened, and it will begin to take placeSome of the broken crystals or

16、impurities are recrystallized into the nuclei, thereby eliminating the work hardening, which is called recrystallization.12. Forging streamlineWhen the plastic deformation occurs, the grain of the metal stretches along the direction of deformation, and at the same time, the intergranular impurities

17、are also arranged along the deformation direction,The grain boundary impurity, which is distributed in a certain direction, is called the forging streamline.13, base plane, main cutting plane and orthogonal planeThe base surface is the plane selected by the cutting edge,It is parallel or perpendicul

18、ar to the tool and suitable for installation, grinding and measurementA plane or axis of a plane, generally speaking, its orientation is perpendicular to the assumed main motion direction.The main cutting plane is the plane that is selected by the main cutting edge and is tangent to the main cutting

19、 edge and perpendicular to the base surface.The orthogonal plane is the plane that is selected by the main cutting edge and perpendicular to the plane of the base plane and the main cutting plane, so it must be verticalA plane projecting directly from the main cutting edge on the base surface.14, pa

20、rts machining, structure, manufacturabilityThe structure of the parts has important influence on the machining quality, productivity and economic benefits. Mechanical addition of partsThe technological property of the structure refers to whether the designed parts can be economical, efficient and qu

21、alified when the performance requirements are guaranteedWork out; that is to say, can reduce the amount of cutting, whether it is convenient for workpiece installation, processing and testing, whether it is beneficial or notTo increase productivity.15. Dimensional error, dimensional accuracy and dim

22、ensional toleranceThe variation between the actual size of the part and the ideal size of the design is called the dimensional error;The accuracy of the actual size to which the design is close to the design size is called dimensional accuracy;Allowance for dimensional variation of parts is called d

23、imensional tolerance, referred to as tolerance.16, the strength of materials under the action of external force resistance to deformation and fracture ability called the strength of materials.17, plastic plasticity refers to the ability of metal material to produce plastic deformation without damagi

24、ng.18, hardness metal material resistance to local deformation, especially plastic deformation, indentation ability.19. The regular arrangement of atoms (ions or molecules) in crystal structure is called crystal structure.20. Alloy with two or more than two metal elements or metal elements and non-m

25、etallic elements, with metallic characteristicsSubstance is called alloy.21. Phase materials have the same aggregation state, the same chemical composition, the same structure and separate from other parts of the interfaceThe homogeneous component is called phase.22. The microstructure (image) of th

26、e material which is usually observed or observed by the microscope is called tissue.23. The solid solution alloy element forms a solid and uniform structure with one of the components by dissolvingSolid solution.24. Intermetallic compounds are the lattice type and lattice characteristics which are f

27、ormed by the interaction of alloy components. The new phase with any component is metal compound.25. Ferrite ferrite is the interstitial solution formed by carbon dissolution in a-Fe, called ferrite26. Austenite austenite is the interstitial solid solution formed by carbon dissolution in the gamma -

28、Fe27 cementite cementite is a metal compound Fe3C formed by iron and carbon.28. Pearlite is a mechanical mixture of ferrite and cementite.30. The bainitic body is a mechanical mixture consisting of austenite (or pearlite) and cementite31. Annealing the steel to the critical temperature, holding for

29、a certain period of time, and then slow cooling (generally with the furnace cooling), in order to obtain close to the equilibrium state of the organization of heat treatment process called annealing.32. Normalizing the heating of steel to AC3 (sub eutectoid steel) or Accm (eutectoid steel) above 30-

30、50 degrees, after holding a period of time, cooling in the air heat treatment process.33. The steel is heated to the critical temperature AC3 (hypo eutectoid steel) and AC1 (over eutectoid steel) above 30-50 C, and the heat preservation is carried outA period of time and then rapid cooling to obtain

31、 high hardness martensite (M) heat treatment process.34. After quenching the tempered steel, it will be reheated to eliminate the internal stress and obtain the required structure and propertiesHeat treatment process of a certain temperature below Ac1, holding for a period of time and then cooling t

32、o room temperature.35. Ceramic material is an inorganic nonmetallic material made up of metal oxide and oxygen free metal compound.36. A multiphase solid material obtained by combining two or more materials with different physical and chemical properties37, nano materials, also known as ultrafine ma

33、terials, whose nucleon size range between 1 100nm (1nm=10 -9 m), that is, at least in one-dimensional direction by nano scale (0.1 100nm) limit of various solid ultrafine materials.38. The casting will melt the molten metal pouring into the casting cavity which adapts to the shape and size of the pa

34、rts. After the cooling and solidification, the forming method of the blank or parts is called casting.39. The filling ability of the alloy, the filling of the liquid alloy cavity and the complete shape and clear outline of the casting, are called the filling ability of the alloy.40. Shrinkage cavity

35、 and shrinkage porosity in castingIn the solidification process of liquid metal, the shrinkage is caused by liquid shrinkage and solidification shrinkage, and if the shrinkage is not added, the hole is formed in the final solidification part of the casting. The large and concentrated holes are calle

36、d shrinkage holes, and the small and dispersed cavities are called shrinkage cavities.41, the principle of sequential solidification refers to the use of a variety of technical measures, the casting from the riser section to the riser are established between a gradually increasing temperature gradie

37、nt, which is realized by the part to the direction away from the riser riser solidification sequence.42. Segregation of casting occurs in different parts of the cross section of the casting, and even inside the grain, resulting in the uneven phenomenon of chemical composition, which is called castin

38、g segregation.43, white cast iron in the white cast iron in addition to a small amount of dissolved into ferrite, and the rest of the composite carbon Fe3C exists, because of its fracture surface is silvery white, so called white cast iron.44, it is a malleable cast iron blank white cast iron after

39、annealing at high temperature for a long time and a high plasticity and toughness of the cast iron.The parting surface of the 45. mould refers to the contact surface of the two halves of the mold.46, the casting fillet manufacturing model and the design of the casting, the wall connection and corner

40、 should be made arc transition, known as casting fillet.47. Metal mold casting is a kind of casting method to obtain metal castings under the action of gravity and filling metal mold with metal liquid.48, pressure casting referred to as die casting. It is a method to obtain molten metal in a high pr

41、essure (30 70MPa), rapid (mold filling time is 0.1 0.2S) press into the metal mold (mold), and solidification under pressure to obtain the casting.49, centrifugal casting liquid metal pouring into the high speed rotating mold, so that the metal under centrifugal force filled mold and crystallization

42、, this casting method is called centrifugal casting.50, metal pressure processing is a solid metal plastic deformation under the action of external force, to obtain a certain shape, size and mechanical properties of the raw materials, semi-finished product or parts of the production process, also kn

43、own as metal plastic processing.51. With the increase of deformation degree, the strength and hardness of the work hardening increase and the plasticity decrease, which is called cold deformation strengthening, also known as working hardening.52. The deformation of cold deformation below the recryst

44、allization temperature is called cold deformation.53, the fibrous tissue produced in the process of pressure casting plastic deformation, the grain shape of the base metal and the distribution of impurities along the grain boundary shape deformation, they will be stretched along the direction of def

45、ormation, a fiber shape. This structure is called fibrous tissue.54. The malleability of metals is a measure of the degree of difficulty in obtaining the quality of materials of high quality when subjected to pressure55, die forging using mold to make the deformation of the billet and obtain forging

46、 method is called forging.56, drawing in the deformation zone stress pull pressure, the plate material (or shallow hollow billet) for forming hollow openings (hollow parts deep) and the process is essentially the same as the thickness of the drawing, also called drawing57, the continuous die press i

47、n a stroke, at the different parts of the mold at the same time to complete a number of stamping process of the mold, called continuous die.58, compound die using a stroke of the press, in the same position of the mold to complete two or more than two processes of the mold, called compound die.59, r

48、olling metal billet in the roll of the roller, by friction, continuous into the roller and plastic deformation processing method, known as rolling.60. Extruding the metal blank in the extrusion cylinder, extruding the mold from the die hole with strong pressure to produce plastic deformation.61, sup

49、erplasticity refers to the metal or alloy under specific conditions, the strain rate is very low (=10 -4 10 -2 s -1), the deformation temperature (about the melting point of the half) and uniform fine grain degree (average grain diameter 0.25 m) conditions, the relative elongation rate delta over 10

50、0% characteristics.62, welding is a kind of processing method by heating or pressurizing, or both, and with or without filling materials, so that the welding pieces to achieve atomic bonding. It is a very widely used method of permanent connection.63, welding is a method to weld parts to the melting

51、 state, without pressure to complete the welding process.64. Press welding is a method to finish welding in the welding process by applying pressure (heating or non heating) on the butt welding parts.65, brazing is made of metal material than the base metal with low melting point as the filler metal

52、, the welding and brazing filler metal is heated to above the melting point of the solder, melting temperature lower than that of the parent material, the use of liquid wetting the parent material, filling the joint gap and mutual diffusion with the parent material realization method of welding conn

53、ection.66. The positive electrode is connected with the positive electrode, and the electrode is connected to the negative electrode.67, DC reverse workpiece connection negative pole, welding electrode to positive pole.68, fusion zone is the transition zone from weld metal to heat affected zone in w

54、elded joint.69. The heat affected zone is the area where the welding seam does not melt on both sides of the weld, but the microstructure changes and the mechanical properties change.70, reverse deformation method to predict the possible deformation size and direction after welding, before welding t

55、he workpiece in the direction of reverse deformation, welding can offset the welding deformation.71, submerged arc welding is a method of arc welding and welding under the flux layer.72. Argon arc welding is a method of gas shielded arc welding using inert gas argon as protective gas.73. Electroslag

56、 welding is a method of welding by using the resistance heat produced by the current through liquid slag.74. Pressure welding is achieved by applying a certain amount of pressure to the welding area.75, resistance welding is the assembly of welding parts, through the electrode to exert pressure, the

57、 use of electric current through the contact surface and adjacent area of the jointThe method of producing resistance by thermal welding.76, friction welding is to use the friction produced by the friction between the surface of the weldment, make the end face reach the thermoplastic state, and then

58、 quickly press the top, complete a welding method of welding.77. Weldability of metals refers to the ability of metal to obtain high quality welded joints under certain welding conditions. That is, to evaluate the difficulty of metal material welding.78, the hot welding method is to slow or slow the overall casting to 600700 degrees Celsius, welding to maintain more than 4