常见有机化合物的裂解方式和规律PPT学习教案

1、会计学1常见有机化合物的裂解方式和规律常见有机化合物的裂解方式和规律1.直链烷烃1615m/zmethaneM=16m/z15294357859911314271第1页/共29页m/z15294357859911314271正癸烷v分子离子：C1(100%)， C10(6%)， C16(小)， C45(0)v有m/z ：29，43，57，71，CnH2n+1 系列峰(断裂)v有m/z ：27，41，55，69，CnH2n-1 系列峰 C2H5+（ m/z =29） C2H3+（ m/z =27）+H2第2页/共29页2.支链烷烃204060801001201401601802001030507

2、09011013015017019021022023010080901006050302040700% OF BASE PEAKC3m/z=43C4m/z=57C5m/z=71C8m/z=85C6m/z=99C7113C9C10C12C16M 15M5-MethylpentadecaneCH3(CH2)3CH(CH2)9CH3CH385 16914157第3页/共29页第4页/共29页84(M )0204060801001030507090110695541271008090100605030204070% OF BASE PEAKCHCH3CCH3CH2CH3CHCH3CCH3CHCH3CC

3、H3CH2CH3CH2CH3m/z=69m/z=553.烯烃第5页/共29页第6页/共29页第7页/共29页54M412767108090100605030204070% OF BASE PEAK082392040608010010305070900第8页/共29页134(M )1008090100605030204070% OF BASE PEAK02040608010010305070901109177925139120 130 14065CH2CH2CH2CH3二、芳烃的质谱图二、芳烃的质谱图第9页/共29页第10页/共29页919191第11页/共29页777777第12页/共29页第

4、13页/共29页CH2CH2CH2CH3CH2m/z=91m/z=91m/z=65m/z=39m/z=134HCCHHCCHCH2CH2CH3H2CCH2CHHCH3CH2HHm/z=92CH2HCCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3m/z=77m/z=134m/z=51HCCHC4H9第14页/共29页CH2CH2CH2CH3CH2m/z=91m/z=91m/z=65m/z=39m/z=134HCCHHCCHCH2CH2CH3H2CCH2CHHCH3CH2HHm/z=92CH2HCCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3m/z=77m/z=134m/z=51HCCHC4H9第15页/共29页第16页/共29

5、页第17页/共29页R2CR1R3OH- R3R2CR1OHm/z: 31,59,73,RHCHCH2OHRHCCH2OHH-H2ORHCCH2RHCCH2(CH2)n(CH2)n(CH2)n(CH2)nor裂解M-18峰第18页/共29页RHCHCH2CH2CH2O+HH2C CH2-H2OM - (Alkene + H2O) M-46H2C CH R-RHCHHCCH2CH2O+HCH3H2CHC-H2O-CH3H2C CH R M-60HCCH2H2CCHHH2CRH2CCH2-CH2CHH2CRM-76脱水脱烯第19页/共29页1008090100605030204070% OF BA

6、SE PEAKCH2OHM - (H2O and CH2 CH2)M - (H2O and CH3)M - H2OM - 11-PenTanol MW88CH3(CH2)3 CH2OH314060801001201401030507090110130150020CC 断裂第20页/共29页1008090100605030204070% OF BASE PEAK57M-CH2CH2M-H2OMMW 1424060801001201401030507090110130150020M-1M-44M-43CH3(CH2)7CHO44四、 醛、酮的质谱图第21页/共29页CORH.CROCHOR第22页

7、/共29页55M0204060801001030507090422769108090100605030204070% OF BASE PEAK098O第23页/共29页1008090100605030204070020406080100120140% OF BASE PEAK1030507090110130150Figure 2.14. Methyl OcatanoateCOCH3OCH2CH2OCH3O121M-31MM+1M+2Methyl octanoateCH3(CH2)6COOCH3158(M)159(M+1)160(M+2)160875974COHOCH3H2C第24页/共29页OCh3(CH2)4CO (small) 99CH3(CH2)4 71CH3(CH)3 57CH3(CH2)2 43CH3CH2 29CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C OH45 CO2H59(small) CH2CO2H73 (CH2)2CO2H8