外研社选修七module2主语和表语从句

1、GrammarMembers of the Sentence主语：主语：Subject谓语：谓语：Predicate表语：表语：Predicative宾语：宾语：Object宾补：宾补：Object Complement定语：定语：Attributive同位语：同位语：Appositive状语：状语：Adverbial简单回顾：简单回顾：复合句由复合句由一个主句一个主句和和一个或一个以上的从句一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能单独成句。但它也有主语的一个成分，不能单独成句。但它也有主语和谓语，一般由和谓语，一般由连接

2、词连接词引导。引导。复合句：复合句：English Complex SentencesAdverbial Clauses(状语从句）状语从句）Attributive Clauses（形容词性（形容词性/定语从句）定语从句）Noun Clauses（名词性从句）（名词性从句）复合句分类：复合句分类：Noun ClausesSubject （主语）（主语）Object（宾语）（宾语）Predicative （表语）（表语）Appositive （同位语）（同位语）Clause（从句）（从句）名词性从句分类：名词性从句分类：定义定义:在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词

3、从句。作用作用:在复合句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。在复合句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。所以，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语所以，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。从句、主语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句名词性从句Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句主语从句就是句子的主语从句就是句子的主语主语是由是由句子句子来充来充当的。当的。1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分Examples:1) That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not

4、 known . （是否）（是否） 3) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 重难考点重难考点 连接词 “三姐妹” 语序问题很注意 that what 要分清 如何后置it 帮忙Conjunctions of Subject Clauses:Conjunctions of Subject Clauses:连词连接代词连接副词what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which(ever)that, whetherwhen, where, how, why,because

5、（状语）（状语）连接词连接词“三姐妹三姐妹”1 引导主语从句的连接词有三类：引导主语从句的连接词有三类：(1) 连词连词that、 whether ：Whether hell come here isnt clear. That he will succeed is certain.Whether I can pass the driving test remains unknown.连词连词that 和和whether 在主语从句中在主语从句中不作任何成分不作任何成分，只，只起连接作用，起连接作用，that 无词意，而无词意，而whether 意为意为“是否是否”。What she did

6、is not yet known.Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.Whatever he did is right.What caused the accident remainsunknown.注：连接代词和连接副词注：连接代词和连接副词 在主语从句中在主语从句中作成分作成分，有词义，起连有词义，起连接作用。接作用。(2) 连接代词连接代词who (谁，主格谁，主格), whom(谁，宾格谁，宾格), whose(谁的，定语谁的，定语), what(什么，主宾什么，主宾语语), which(哪个哪个), whoever, wh

7、atever, whichever等等3) 连接副词连接副词 where(在哪里在哪里), when(什么时什么时候候), how(怎样，怎么，多么怎样，怎么，多么), why(为什么为什么)等。等。How this happened is not clear to anyone. When he will be back depends on the weather.How the pyramids were built is still a mystery.2. 主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句

8、放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例:1. That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.2. That the earth is round is known to all.- 3. That you missed the chance is a pity.- It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.A. It+be+形容词形容词(obvious, true, n

9、atural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.ItisnecessarythatallofusshouldstudyEnglishwell.B. It+be+名词词组名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：Itsapitythatwecantgo.C. It+be

10、+过去分词过去分词+that从句从句(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.Itisorderedthatthepatientshouldbeoperatedonimmediately.D. It + seem, appear, happen等不及物动词及短语等不及物动词及短语+that从句从句: 显然；明显；碰巧显然；明显；碰巧。如：。如：IthappenedthatIwasoutthatda

11、y.E. It + doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. C. It + be+过去分词+that从句D. It + seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句: 似乎,碰巧。E. It + doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句此三类结构中主语从句不可提前：此三类结构中主语从句不可提前：

12、用主语从句用主语从句 完成句子完成句子1._(她赢了这场比赛) made us very happy. 2. _(所需要的) is careful preparation. 3._(她是否来) doesnt matter too much. 4.That he will succeed is certain.(用it句型改写) _ 5.Why he did this is not known. (用it句型改写) _ That she won the gameWhat is neededWhether she is coming or not It is certain that he wil

13、l succeed. It is not known why he did this. Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句特别注明特别注明如何判断表语：表语表述主语的特征，状态和身份，表语表述主语的特征，状态和身份，直接跟在直接跟在 be 动词或是动词或是连系动词连系动词（如（如 seem , look等）之后的成分就是等）之后的成分就是 表表语语。2. 表语从句的结构表语从句的结构表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句。句。放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系系动词动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的

14、系动词有：可以接表语从句的系动词有：1. be（being, been, am, is, are, was, were)2. feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3. stand , lie , remain, keep, stay4. become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run5. prove, turn out 连接词：连接词：that / whether /as / as if / as though (if不引导表语从句不引导表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / who

15、se / which / what 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because注：主语从句的连接词都可用于表语从句注：主语从句的连接词都可用于表语从句 3. . 连接词连接词Examples1. The question is whether we can rely on him.2. Thats because we were in need of money at that time .3. He looked as if he was going to cry .4. Thats why I was late .5. The trouble

16、is that I have lost his address. 6. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic 阁楼阁楼.4. 4. 表语从句的特殊句型表语从句的特殊句型Thats because 和和 Thats why 均是表语从句均是表语从句，区别在于区别在于“Thats because”指原因或理由，指原因或理由， “Thats why” 则指由于各种原因所造成的结果。则指由于各种原因所造成的结果。He did not see the film last night. Thats because he had t

17、o help his little sister with her homework.He had seen the film before. Thats why he did not see it last night. 填空填空: The reason why we didnt trust him is _ he has often liedreason 做主语时，做主语时，表语表语从句只能用从句只能用that引导引导, 不能用不能用why 或者或者because引导。意思为引导。意思为“原因是原因是”。句型结构为：。句型结构为： The reason (why/for)is /was t

18、hat. The reason is thatEg. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.that5.使用虚拟语气的表语从句使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令、在表示建议、劝告、命令、请求、要求请求、要求含义含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动动词原形词原形” 表示，表示，should可省略。常见的词有：可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion

19、，order，proposal，request, plan，idea等。如：等。如：My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow. Their proposal is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only. My advice is that we (should) get more people to attend

20、 the conference.1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.2.You have made a mistake is a fact.3.That is certain that we can win.4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5.If the policemen will come is not certain.we shallThat you haveIt isWhoeverwhether改错练习改错练习名词性从句改错1

21、. If he is fit for the job is unknown to all. 2. This is clear that it is much colder today than yesterday. 3. That he told us at the gate was quite interesting. 4. I dont I want to know that what it is.4. I dont I want to know that what it is.5. When and where will we go on the holiday is still 5. When and where will we