中考阅读指导 练习（含答案）

1、中考阅读专题一、解题思路(一)先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。(二)快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。(三)细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。根据题意，初选答案。常用的解题方法有如下几种： 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。题干中有su

2、ggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。（四）重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍;用全文的主题

3、思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。二、典型例题分析(一)根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. Through the hole(洞)in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot, said Mr Brown. In 1898, he s

4、aw the fire once more(再一次).Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal(煤)fires in the world. They are harmful(有害)and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set(放置)fire to underground coal to speed up(加速)the fi

5、res. In this way, the burning(燃烧)of underground coal would be soon finished.(被烧完)。1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _.A. at the age of seven B. seven years oldC. in the year of 1898 D. more than(超过)80 years ago2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _.A. it wa

6、s in the hole B. it was very hotC. it was orange D. it was harmful3. How many coal fires are there in the world?A. Theres only one. B. Its hard to say.C. There are 260. D. The article(文章)doesnt tell us.4. Whats one of the best ways to put out(扑灭)the underground fire?A. To cover(覆盖)the holes with sto

7、nes(石块).B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments(试验).5. What is the best title(标题)for the article?A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.(二)根据文章内容判断正误Fred telephoned his wife. “Ive got tw

8、o free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. Well have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Freds wife was very pleased. They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in

9、 time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “Its very strange,” he said. “They arent here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets werent there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴尬). “Whats the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I

10、 did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasnt going home, I left it in the office!”( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the ticketsfor the theatre.( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to thetheatre quite often.( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in arestaurant.( ) 4. They reached the theatre ne

11、itherlate nor early.( ) 5. Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.(三)阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。Taking exams always makes me nervous.What about you? Here are some suggestions that my friend offers me.Preparing for examsThe most important part of preparing for an exa

12、m is to know what to study.Review subjects youve spent a long time on during classes，look through what you were asked to read and topics of essays and homework，or ask your teachers to see if they can give a few suggestions.Once you know what to study，the next is to know how to study.Arriving at an e

13、xamHow you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your exam.Be sure to arrive：Early.With a full stomach.Well rested.With all the things you will need for the exam.Having your own exam habitsBefore you begin your exam，be sure to：Set up your things close by.Put your name and other identification i

14、nformation on your exam-answer sheet.Read all the directions.Make a brief plan about how you will divide your time between sections.Take a few deep breaths every time you feel nervous.If you prepare well for your exam，arrive confidently and settle in before you begin.Dont spend more time on a questi

15、on that you should unless youre ahead of schedule(时间表).根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。1.What is the most important before you take an exam?_2.Should you arrive at an exam early or on time?_3.What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam?_4.How would you feel if you got everything ready?_三、题材分析(一)家庭、朋友与

16、个人情况在中考阅读理解中，记叙文阅读题目的考查难度逐年增加，多使用贴近学生生活的素材，多以故事形式出现。针对这种题型主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系，从中分析他们的思想品质、性格特征等;理解文章大意后，找出关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在，这样，便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。这类阅读一般是对文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常重要的。做题思路：先看清题干，带着问题读文章，明确把握问题指向，避免“回视”现象，提高做题的速度。例如：1990 was a significant year in world events

17、.In February，Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prison.In October，East and West Germany became one country again.Then at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was born.For this final event we have one man to thank，Tim Berners Lee，the father of the Web.Berners Lee was born on June 8，1955 in L

18、ondon，England.His parents，both computer designers，encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up.He was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science.After graduating from Oxford University，Tim went to work at a science research centre in Switzerland.There h

19、e developed some of the different systems that would later become the Web.The first was HTML，the computer language used to make web pages.The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information.In 1990，while still at the science centre in Switzer

20、land，he put them together to make the first Internet browser(浏览器).It could run on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their information with the rest of the world.Tim knew that the more people used the Web，the more useful it would be.He wasnt interested in money but knowledge，s

21、o he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested.Many were interested and the growth of the Internet began.Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America，researching new and interesting ways to use the Web.He has received many awards from governments and organizations for his

22、efforts.He is still not very interested in money.That is why he is so admired by his students and workmates.It may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。( ) 1.The underlined word significant (in Paragraph 1) most probably means _.A

23、.strange B.terrible C.important D.difficult( ) 2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The address system was used to make web pages.B.The World Wide Web was created in Switzerland.C.The first web browser was very expensive to buy.D.Many people could use the Internet b

24、efore 1990.( ) 3.What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?A.He was encouraged to be creative.B.He didnt do well at school.C.He is a very poor businessman.D.He is well known all over the world.( ) 4.Where does Berners Lee live today?A.England. B.Switzerland. C.America. D.Canada.( ) 5.What

25、 is the passage mainly about?A.The events that took place in 1990.B.The history of the Internet.C.The invention of the Internet browser.D.The man who created the Word Wide Web(二)学校生活与语言学习校园生活与语言学习是中考阅读理解考查的一个热点话题，一方面与学生生活、学习、交流等息息相关;另一方面，来自社会，紧贴社会生活，具有一定的时代感和现实意义。这类话题多是说明文，做题时要注意说明的对象、内容及说明方法。这类题要注意

26、每段话的开头部分，整体把握材料信息。做题思路：把握信息，找出题眼，梳理信息，进行解答问题。When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy.She is very outgoing(外向的).Who is she? Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater.On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the

27、 womens 1000 meters short track speed skating final(短道速滑决赛) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games(温哥华冬奥会).After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third gold medal this time.With this one China won four gold medals in the womens short track speed skating.That helped Chin

28、a first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history.Just before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly.With the words of You can，you can do! she won at last.She said，I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to China.It was with the help of my team that

29、I won the prize.Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four，she has been the most successful Chinese skater.We are proud of her and her team.We hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。( ) 1.China won gold medals in the womens short track speed skating.A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5( ) 2.It too

30、k Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating final.A.womens 1000 B.mens 1000C.womens 500 D.mens 500( ) 3.In Wang Mengs opinion，made her win the prize at last.A.a strong body B.a bad coldC.her teams help D.much exercise( ) 4.Which of the following is NOT true accord

31、ing to the passage?A.Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy.B.Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater.C.Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team.D.China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history.(三)天气与自然随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，天气与自然环境很快就成为人们关注的话题之一。此类话题多是说明文和议论文。这就要

32、求我们了解说明文和议论文的特点，这样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读，才能自觉地完成命题要求，取得高分。解题思路：把握该类话题的特征，对所给信息进行归纳整合例如：Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆).They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year.When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do.Do NOT go outside.You could get injured fr

33、om falling glass or parts of buildings.If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线).Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture.Hold on to it.Or stay in a corner of the building.Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing.Stay insid

34、e until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you.Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself.Also keep away from a fire.You coul

35、d fall down and burn yourself on the fire.If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if its safe.Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and dont drive near bridges.Try not to stop by power lines or trees.These could fall and hurt you.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。( ) 1.It isnt safe for

36、you to _ while the earthquake is happening.A.run out of the buildingB.stay in a corner of the buildingC.cover your head with your armsD.cover your mouth with a towel( ) 2.From this passage，we know _.A.many people fear earthquakesB.earthquakes maybe happen at any timeC.we cant save ourselves in an ea

37、rthquakeD.people never get injured in earthquakes( ) 3.The best title for this passage should be _.A.How Earthquakes HappenB.How to Drive a CarC.What We Should Do in EarthquakesD.Why Earthquakes Happen(四)历史与地理本话题在中考中所占比例不多，在历史方面要注意历史事件发生的时间、地点、原因以及有何影响等，而对地理知识的考查，一般多与旅游观光等内容相结合，这就要求我们了解各地的名胜古迹、遗址等。解

38、题思路：熟悉文章，找准问题关键所在，提高解题速度和质量。例如：On February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor(港) was an exciting place.Many people were there to greet a ship from France.On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars(火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America.These boxcars were from the famous Me

39、rci Train (Merci，a French word meaning thank you).After world War (二战)，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been destroyed.Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat.In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United States，stopping in cities a

40、nd towns along the way.At every stop，people gave whatever they could.Factories gave clothing and medicine.Farmers gave food.Families gave money.Even school children gave away their pocket money(零用钱).All the things were then taken to France by ship.By 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢复) from the

41、 war.The Merci Train was their way of saying thank you to America.French people had filled the boxcars with gifts.Most of them were personal，like hand-made toys，childrens drawings，or postcards.But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts.On each car，the French people had

42、painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，with an American eagle on the front.The boxcars were taken to each state of America，where they were warmly greeted.Now many of the states still keep their boxcars.Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museums.The Merci Train came out

43、 of the war，but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平).阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。( ) 1.Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd，1949 to _.A.welcome the Merci TrainB.meet their familiesC.have a big partyD.start a trip by ship( ) 2.In 1947，a train stopped in

44、cities across America in order to _.A.give away clothing and foodB.get more soldiers for the warC.collect things to help French peopleD.show exhibitions from the museums( ) 3.The underlined word them in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) _.A.the American peopleB.the French peopleC.the boxcarsD.the gifts( ) 4.

45、The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because _.A.they thought France was stronger than AmericaB.it could show the friendship between the two countriesC.the boxcars would be more beautifulD.they were very good at painting pictures( ) 5.The passage is mainl

46、y about _.A.the story of the Merci TrainB.American museums where the boxcars are keptC.gifts that American people likedD.World War (五)社会万象在中考阅读理解中，本话题包括的题材很多，它们来自生活，来自社会，针对这些题材要求抓住关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在，这样便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。这种题型一般是对文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常重要的。解题思路：看清题干，明确把握问题指向，带着问题读文章，避免“回视”现象，提高

47、做题的速度，提高解题质量。例如：In most cultures，when you meet people you know for the first time during a day，it is usual to greet them.Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to work.When she first arrived，she knew little about the Chinese culture of language.On her way to school one day，she went to a b

48、ank to get some money.To her surprise，the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch.She was surprised at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to lunch.Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young mans interest in dating the girl.Since this bank

49、clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she was very puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten already.After this she went on to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question.By now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as

50、 to why they asked it.In the following days she was asked the same question again and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking her this.At last she thought that these people must be concerned about(关心) her health.She was rather thin at the time，and she thought

51、 they must be worrying that she was not eating well!In fact the question like that has no real meaning at all it is only a greeting.根据短文内容，判断句子的正误，正确的在括号内写“T”，错误的写“F”。( ) 1.The young British woman went to Hong Kong for work.( ) 2.The British woman went to the bank to get some money.( ) 3.The bank cl

52、erk invited the young British woman to lunch.( ) 4.The teachers question made the British woman happy.( ) 5.In fact the young British woman didnt know much about Chinese culture.当然，中考英语阅读理解题的材料远不止这些种类，但只要运用了上面的基本的解题技巧，也能把这个题型做得很好。实战练习一My brother，Henry，has a good job at a bank.I couldnt believe him w

53、hen he told me that he had decided to give it up.Though I tried to make him change his mind，I failed completely.You should reconsider your decision， I said，You have already spent five years in the bank and you could have a wonderful future.You might become a bank manager by the time you are thirty-f

54、ive.I know， Henry answered，I have got no complaints with the bank.It is a pleasant job.The bank manager told me my future was good.Then why do you want to leave? I asked.Its the money， Henry said.But you are getting a good salary. I answered.I dont mean that， Henry said，What do I do in the bank? Wel

55、l，at the moment all I do is to count money.I found it very depressing.What is depressing about counting money? I asked.You dont understand， Henry answered，I enjoying counting my own money，but I hate counting other peoples!根据短文内容，选择正确答案。( ) 1.The writer wants to know _.A.what his brother does at the bank.B.how long his brother has worked at the bankC.why his brother has decided to leave the bankD.when his brother will become a bank manager( ) 2.His brother