基于单片机的压力检测与报警系统开题报告

1、毕业设计（论文）材料之二（2）本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目：基于单片机的压力检测与报警系统 课 题 类 型： 学 生 姓 名： 学 号： 专 业 班 级： 学 院： 指 导 教 师： 开 题 时 间： 201 年 月 日一本课题的研究意义、研究现状和发展趋势（文献综述）1.课题的研究意义压力是过程控制系统中的重要参数之一，压力的检测和控制是使生产顺利进行和设备安全工作的必要条件。实现智能化压力测量系统对工业生产过程的控制具有非常重要的意义。在生产过程控制系统中，被控对象参数检测的精确与否将直接影响一个生产企业的经济利益。因此研究一个能精确测量的智能压力检测系统很有意义。2.研究现状随着世界

2、进入信息化时代，自动化、信息化成为世界各国发展重要方向之一。传感器作为自动化和信息系统的前端器件，是制造业自动化和信息化的基础；现代传感器技术集约了多种学科的尖端成果、是国际上发展最迅速的高新技术之一；是传统产业技术改造和升级的“功效倍增器”，成为衡量一个国家科技发展的重要指标。单片机是完全按嵌入式系统要求设计的单芯片形态的嵌入式系统，它广泛应用在中、小型工控领域，是电子系统智能化的最重要的工具。压力传感器也从传统类型向集成化、微型化、多功能发展，且随着材料行业对传感器敏感材料进一步的开发，传感器新敏感材料不断推出，高新材料已广泛用于新型传感器制造研发中，如光纤传感器，光纤传感器等等。利用压力

3、检测传感器将需要测量的位置的压力信号转换为电信号，再经过运算放大器进行信号放大，送至A/D转换器，然后将模拟信号转化为单片机可以识别的数字信号，再经单片机转换成显示器可以识别的信息，最后显示输出并判断是否超过警戒线。在工业生产中，为了高效、安全生产，必须有效控制生产过程中的诸如压力、流量、温度等主要参数。由于压力控制在生产过程中起着决定性的安全作用，因此有必要准确测量压力。3.发展趋势随着微型计算机的发展，他的应用在人们的工作和日常生活中越来越普遍。工业过程控制是计算机的一个重要应用领域。其中由单片机构成的嵌入式系统已经越来越受到人们的关注。现在可以毫不夸张的说，没有微型计算机的仪器不能称为先

4、进的仪器，没有微型计算机的控制系统不能称其为现代控制系统的时代已经到来。而压力的检测或控制是保证生产和设备安全运行必不可少的条件，压力检测与报警有常重要的意义。基于单片机的压力检测系统符合市场需求，发展趋势，有着广阔的发展前景。二主要设计（研究）内容本次设计是以单片机组成的压力测量，系统中必须有前向通道作为电信号的输入通道，用来采集输入信息。压力的测量，需要传感器，利用传感器将压力转换成电信号后，再经放大并经A/D转换为数字量后才能由计算机进行有效处理。然后用LED进行显示，并判断是否超过警戒压力，键盘则是用来设定警戒压力大小的。显示AT89C51单片机A/D转换器传感器压力报警键盘三研究方案

5、及工作计划1.选择合适的单片机准型89系列单片机是与MCS-51系列单片机兼容的。在内部含有4KB或8KB可重复编程的Flash存储器，可进行1000次擦写操作。全静态工作为033MHz，有3级程序存储器加密锁定，内含有128256字节的RAM、32条可编程的I/O端口、23个16位定时器/计数器，68级中断，此外有通用串行接口、低电压空闲模式及掉电模式。AT89C51相当于将8051中的4KB ROM换成相应数量的Flash存储器，其余结构、供电电压、引脚数量及封装均相同，使用时可直接替换。2.规划高效的软件流程图压力传感器将输出的模拟信号输送给ADC0804单片机来控制ADC0804的工作

6、状态，使传感器输出的模拟信号转化为数字信号进而输送给单片机，单片机接收到信号后对该信号进行处理再输送到显示数码管端，从而显示压力值，该压力值同时还与按键设置的压力上限值进行比较，若超过压力上限值则进行报警。开 始初 始 化设置键是否按下N设置报警上限Y设置是否按下显示当前压力值是否大于警戒线YN报 警结 束3.工作计划时间周次内容进程02.0303.011收集相关资料，学习必要知识，拟定设计方案03.0203.082拟定设计方案、方案比较；撰写开题报告03.0903.153提交毕业设计开题报告03.1603.224方案设计细化，设计框架完全完成03.2303.295硬件电路设计03.3004.

7、056硬件电路设计04.0604.127软件程序设计，参加开题答辩04.1304.198软件程序设计04.2004.269软硬件调试，Proteus仿真，软硬件设计改进04.2705.0310完成软硬件设计05.0405.1011PCB板绘制及制作05.1105.1712PCB焊接及调试完成05.1805.2413撰写论文05.2505.3114检查修订完成的论文，总结为答辩做准备。五参考文献1宏晶科技，STC89C52RC单片机器件手册M，2DALLAS SemiconductInc.DS1302 DataSheetM,3陈桂友.单片机微型计算机原理及接口技术M.北京：高等教育出版社，201

8、24王守中，聂元铭.51单片机开发入门与典型例题M.北京：人民邮电出版社，20095赵青格.单片机和液晶显示模块接口驱动设计J.数字技术与应用。 6王力,赵庆玲. 基于AT89S51和USB接口的实时数据采集系统设计J. 电子工程师. 2006(11)7谈宏华,陈康,涂坦,肖仁伟. 基于AT89C51的数据采集系统设计J. 机电一体化. 2005(06)8欧阳林群. 基于多传感器信息融合技术的防盗报警系统研究J. 武夷学院学报. 2008(02)9 曹丙霞. Protel99SE原理图与PCB设计J 电子工业出版社，2000 10 张婧武,周灵彬.单片机系统的PROTEUS设计与仿真J.北京:

9、 电工出版社,2007.4 英文原文（来自百度文库）DescriptionThe AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM) and 128 bytes RAM. The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible

10、 with the industry standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The chip combines a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.Features: Compatibl

11、e with MCS-51 Products 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Three-Level Program Memory Lock 128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters Six Interrupt Sources Programmable Serial C

12、hannel Low Power Idle and Power Down ModesThe AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition

13、, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power Down Mode saves the RAM co

14、ntents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.Pin Description:VCC Supply voltage.GND Ground.Port 0Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When is are written to port 0 pins, the p

15、ins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code bytes

16、during program verification. External pullups are required during program verification.Port 1Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and

17、 can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.Port 2Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull

18、ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 2 emi

19、ts the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX DPTR). In this application it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX

20、RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.Port 3Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source fou

21、r TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups.RSTReset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the os

22、cillator is running resets the device.ALE/PROGAddress Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming.In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscil

23、lator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MO

24、VC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.PSENProgram Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is ac

25、tivated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.EA/VPPExternal Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, h

26、owever, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage(VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt VPP.XTAL1Input to the inverting

27、oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.XTAL2Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.描述AT89C51是美国ATMEL公司生产的低电压，高性能CMOS8位单片机，片内含4Kbytes的快速可擦写的只读程序存储器（PEROM）和128bytes的随机存取数据存储器（RAM），器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、非易失性存储技术生产，兼容标准MCS-51产品指令系统，片内置通用8位中央处理器（CPU）和flish存储单元，功能强大AT89C5

28、1单片机可为您提供许多高性价比的应用场合，可灵活应用于各种控制领域。主要性能参数：与MCS-51产品指令系统完全兼容4K字节可重复写flash闪速存储器1000次擦写周期全静态操作：0HZ24MHZ三级加密程序存储器128*8字节内部RAM32个可编程I/O口2个16位定时计数器6个中断源可编程串行UART通道低功耗空闲和掉电模式功能特性概述AT89C51提供以下标准功能：4K字节flish闪速存储器，128字节内部RAM，32个I/O口线，两个16位定时计数器，一个5向量两级中断结构，一个全双工串行通信口，片内振荡器及时钟电路。同时，AT89C51可降至0HZ的静态逻辑操作，并支持两种软件可

29、选的节电工作模式。空闲方式停止CPU的工作，但允许RAM，定时计数器，串行通信口及中断系统继续工作。掉电方式保存RAM中的内容，但振荡器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件工作直到下一个硬件复位。引脚功能说明VCC：电源电压GND：地P0口：P0口是一组8位漏极开路型双向I/O口，也即地址/数据总线复位口。作为输出口用时，每位能吸收电流的方式驱动8个逻辑门电路，对端口写“1”可 作为高阻抗输入端用。在访问外部数据存储器或程序存储器时，这组口线分时转换地址（低8位）和数据总线复用，在访问期间激活内部上拉电阻。P1口P1是一个带内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P1的输出缓冲级可驱动（吸收或输出电流）4个TTL逻辑门电路。对端口写“1”，通过内部的上拉电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时可做熟出口。做输出口使用时，因为内部存在上拉电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时会输出一个电流（Iil）.Flash编程和程序校验期间，P1接受低8位地址。P2口P2是一个带有内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P2的输出缓冲级可驱动（吸收或输出电流）4个TTL逻辑门电路。对端口写“1”，通过内部地山拉电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时可作为输出口，作输出口使用时，因为内部存在上拉电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时会输出一个电流（Iil