十一、翻译技巧(6)被动语态的翻译

1、Chapter ElevenTranslation of passive voice sentences I. Review and Comments on the assignment. (Omitted.) II. Translation of passive voice sentences III. Practice IV. summary V. Assignments VI. References for further readingTeaching ProceduresI. Review and comments on the assignments. comments on th

2、e assignments. The car and the television set and the growing volume of office work may well have produced the most literally sedentary population human society has ever known. But at the same time, diets stuffed with the proteins and calories needed for a lumber man or a professional boxer have bec

3、ome prevalent. Everywhere high meat consumption demands grain-fed animals. Meanwhile, what little grain we do eat through bread usually has little nutritional value and roughage, since these are removed when the flour is refined. 小汽车的使用，电视机的普及以及不断扩小汽车的使用，电视机的普及以及不断扩充的写字楼文案工作，充的写字楼文案工作， 可能已经造就了人可能已经造

4、就了人类社会有史以来最名副其实的类社会有史以来最名副其实的“久坐之久坐之族族”。而另一方面，而另一方面， 这样一种现象也变得司空见惯，这样一种现象也变得司空见惯， 即常人一日三餐所摄入的蛋白质和卡路里都即常人一日三餐所摄入的蛋白质和卡路里都要相当于一个伐木工人或一位职业拳击手每要相当于一个伐木工人或一位职业拳击手每天的需要量。天的需要量。到处的肉类巨量消费均对食粮牲畜增大了需求。与此同时，与此同时， 我们自己的粮食消费量却极小。面包作为我们的我们自己的粮食消费量却极小。面包作为我们的主食，主食， 营养价值微乎其微，营养价值微乎其微， 而且几乎不含什么粗糙物，而且几乎不含什么粗糙物， 因因为这些

5、都在面粉精制过程中被去掉了。为这些都在面粉精制过程中被去掉了。 Thus, the human bowel is deprived of the fiber it requires to function easily. The eating of fresh vegetables-which also give necessary fiber- has fallen off by a third in the last half century. Processed, defibered products have taken their place. The results are lit

6、erally apparent. In all developed nations, obesity and diet-related illnesses are now a major medical problem. Many medical experts are now agreed that, with fat, sugar, cholesterol, refined grains, food additives, and the general absence of roughage, modern citizens are literally-via heart attacks

7、and cancer-eating and drinking themselves into the grave. I. Review and comments on the assignments. comments on the assignments. 这样一来，这样一来， 人的肠子的正常功能就因缺少其所需的纤维物质而受影人的肠子的正常功能就因缺少其所需的纤维物质而受影响。响。新鲜蔬菜也含纤维，新鲜蔬菜也含纤维， 但在过去的但在过去的50年间，年间， 新鲜蔬菜的食用量减新鲜蔬菜的食用量减少了三分之一，少了三分之一，其结果也是有目共睹的：其结果也是有目共睹的：在所有发达国家中，肥胖症及与饮

8、食有关的疾病在所有发达国家中，肥胖症及与饮食有关的疾病现已成为医学的一大难题。现已成为医学的一大难题。取而代之的是经过加工去掉纤维的食品。取而代之的是经过加工去掉纤维的食品。许多医学专家现在都一致认为，许多医学专家现在都一致认为， 由于脂肪、糖、由于脂肪、糖、胆固醇、细粮、食物添加剂的大量食用，胆固醇、细粮、食物添加剂的大量食用， 而总体而总体上食物中又缺乏粗糙物，上食物中又缺乏粗糙物， 现代公民们就是这样一现代公民们就是这样一日三餐，日三餐， 不知不觉地患上心脏病和癌症，不知不觉地患上心脏病和癌症， 最终明最终明赴黄泉。赴黄泉。 这样说并非言过其实。这样说并非言过其实。1. Though H

9、amlet has been disappointed of the throne, every one respects him. 虽然哈姆雷特虽然哈姆雷特被被剥夺了王位，大家照样尊敬他。剥夺了王位，大家照样尊敬他。2. They were caught in the rain yesterday. 他们昨天他们昨天叫叫雨淋了。雨淋了。3. Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的对外政策我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。受到全世界人民的支持。4. They were given a hear

10、ty welcome. 他们受到热烈欢迎。他们受到热烈欢迎。5. He was policed by the bosses cops. 他他受到受到老板雇佣的警察的老板雇佣的警察的监督监督 。A.译成汉语的译成汉语的 “被被”字结构或相似结构字结构或相似结构, 如如 “叫叫, 让让, 给给, 受到受到, 遭到遭到, 为为所所, 是是的的,加以加以等。等。 II. Translation of passive voice sentences6. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas car

11、d. 我我为这些话所深深感动，为这些话所深深感动， 后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。上。7. By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight oclock curfew. 至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们把人们从街道从街道赶走赶走。8. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火大火使使这著

12、名的旅馆几乎全部这著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭毁灭。9. Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他的妻子给他的信件，他的妻子给他的信件， 大多数是大多数是由由医院里的护士医院里的护士念给他念给他听的听的。II. Translation of passive voice sentences B. B.译成汉语主动句译成汉语主动句 1. The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally era

13、dicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，他在青少年时期留下的自卑感， 还没有完全消还没有完全消 除除。 2. On their domestic stations events in the Middle east were dismissed briefly. 在他们国内的电台的广播中，在他们国内的电台的广播中， 中东事件只轻描中东事件只轻描 淡写地淡写地报道了报道了一下。一下。 II. Translation of passive voice sentencesC、保留原主语保留原主语, , 被动改主动被动改主动1. Mr. Black was given a prize. 布拉克先

14、生得了奖。布拉克先生得了奖。 2. His life was cut short by cholera. 他因患霍乱而早亡。他因患霍乱而早亡。3. He was thrown into confusion by the return of his wife. 他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不安之中。他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不安之中。II. Translation of passive voice sentencesD D. . 把原文中的主语译为宾语把原文中的主语译为宾语1. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organiz

15、ation, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战终了时，大战终了时， 这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价。二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价。2. It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt. 如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失， 那倒是奇怪了。那倒是奇怪了。II. Translation of passive voice sentencesE . E . 译成无主句

16、译成无主句 1. Whenever work is being done, energy is being converted from one form into another. 做功时，能从一种形式转变为另一种形式。做功时，能从一种形式转变为另一种形式。 2Cutting tools should be inspected carefully before they are used. 切割工具使用前要认真检查。切割工具使用前要认真检查。 3Some pictures were hung on the wall. 墙上挂着照片。墙上挂着照片。 4. Children should be

17、taught to speak the truth. 要教孩子们讲真话。要教孩子们讲真话。II. Translation of passive voice sentences Exercises in class Exercises in classA.Put the following sentence patterns into English: Fixed phrases or sentence patterns:1. 已经证明已经证明2. 可以有把握地说可以有把握地说3. 无可否认无可否认4. 人们希望人们希望5. 人们人们(有人、大家有人、大家)认为认为6. 不用说不用说(谁都知道谁

18、都知道)7. 大家知道大家知道(众所周知众所周知)8. 据报道据报道9. 据说据说10. 据估计据估计(预计预计)It has been proved It may be safely said thatIt cannot be denied thatIt is expected(hoped) thatIt is considered (thought) thatIt is understood thatIt is well known that It is reported thatIt is said that.It is estimated (predicted, calculated

19、) thatIII. Practice11. 据推测据推测12. 据闻据闻(悉悉)13. 可以肯定可以肯定14. 普遍普遍(一般、一般、 通常通常)认为认为15. 必须指出必须指出16. 有人有人(人们、大家人们、大家)相信相信17. 由此可见由此可见18. 必须必须(应该应该)承认承认19. 据谣传据谣传20. 可以毫不夸张地说可以毫不夸张地说It is supposed thatIt is learned thatIt may be confirmed thatIt is generally(usually) accepted (agreed) thatIt must be pointed

20、 out that It is believed that It will be seen from this that It must (should) be admitted thatIt is rumored thatIt may be said without fear of exaggeration thatIII. PracticeB. Put the following sentences into Chinese.B. Put the following sentences into Chinese.1. The plan will be examined by a speci

21、al committee. 该计划将该计划将由由一个特别委员会加以裁决。一个特别委员会加以裁决。2. National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on October 1st by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year. 我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。3. He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出现在台上，他出现在台上， 观众观众

22、给予给予热烈鼓掌。热烈鼓掌。4. All Party members of the college are requested to meet in the assembly hall to listen to a speech. 请请全院党员于星期五下午两点三十分在大礼堂听报告。全院党员于星期五下午两点三十分在大礼堂听报告。5. It is said that he was cheated by his partner while doing business in the south. 据说他在南方做生意时让同伴给骗了。据说他在南方做生意时让同伴给骗了。III. Practice6. It

23、 is believed that worry can make a persons hair turn gray overnight. 有人相信有人相信忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。7. It has been proved that plenty of vegetables will improve ones health. 已经证明已经证明多吃蔬菜对健康有好处。多吃蔬菜对健康有好处。8. This old man has been taken care of for years by some PLA men. 这位老人多年来一直这位老人多年来一直受

24、到受到几位解放军的照顾。几位解放军的照顾。9. The city is being destroyed by the flood. 这座城市正在被洪水所毁。这座城市正在被洪水所毁。10. This material has to be used in the experiment. 这种材料在实验中非用不可。这种材料在实验中非用不可。III. Practice11. Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。12. He was asked ten que

25、stions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly. 口试时，口试时， 问了十个问题，他全都答对了。问了十个问题，他全都答对了。13. It is considered that women tell lies more often than men. 有人认为女人将谎话要比男人多。有人认为女人将谎话要比男人多。III. Practice14. It should be admitted that the United Nations intervention is sometimes helpful

26、for settling regional disputes. 应该承认联合国的干预有时有助于平息地区性争端。应该承认联合国的干预有时有助于平息地区性争端。15Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft (受贿受贿) among some high officials in China. 必须特别强调我国高级官员收受贿赂和腐化堕落的严重性。必须特别强调我国高级官员收受贿赂和腐化堕落的严重性。 III. Practice 1. 译成汉语的译成汉语的 “被被”字结构或相似结字结构或相似结构构 2. 译

27、成汉语主动句译成汉语主动句 3. 保留原主语保留原主语, 被动改主动被动改主动 4. 把原文中的主语译为宾语把原文中的主语译为宾语 5. 译成无主句译成无主句IV. Sumarry1. Put the following passage into English:V. Assignments 他迈着沉重的脚步，回到离别三年的家乡。三年前，他迈着沉重的脚步，回到离别三年的家乡。三年前，他参与了一个盗窃团伙被判刑三年，在劳改农场，因表现他参与了一个盗窃团伙被判刑三年，在劳改农场，因表现突出被提前一年释放。突出被提前一年释放。 为了逃避一双双熟悉的眼睛，释放后，经人介绍，他来为了逃避一双双熟悉的眼睛，释放后，经人介绍，他来到湖南省南县一家木器厂做临时工。但强烈的思乡情促使到湖南省南县一家木器厂做临时工。但强烈的思乡情促使他踏上了归乡旅途。回到家乡后，家乡的一切都令