初升高衔接课

1、Preparation Class Learning aimsIn this class, you should 1. know my requirements for English learning during this period;2. know the components of sentences and the five basic sentence pattern (了解句子成分和五种基本句型); 3. have a short test. 1. Briefly introduce yourself and tell us your goal for the English

2、learning in this summer vacation. 2. What is most important part in English learning?3. What is most difficult part in English learning for you?Lets warm up. Requirements in class (课堂要求课堂要求) Preparation A notebook An exercise book In the classNo meaningless talkingNo sleeping No eating (gum)No absen

3、ce of mindAfter classFinish your homework carefully.Review the lesson in time. (words) Where there is a will, there is a way. God help those who help themselves. Stay hungry, stay foolish. Steve Jobs 有志者事竞成。有志者事竞成。自助者天助之。自助者天助之。求知若饥，虚心若愚。求知若饥，虚心若愚。什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表

4、达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须一个字母必须大写大写，结尾要有，结尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

5、掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。句子包括哪些成分？ 主语：主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成词短语构成They are teachers

6、.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believin

7、g.宾语宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后语做了什么，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须

8、在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当 If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss

9、 keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.状语 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing

10、 with a pen.定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语充当定语 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool. He who laughs last lau

11、ghs best.句子的五种基本结构 1. 主语+谓语(vi.) The students are listening. He looked.句子的五种基本结构Exercise:1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. The universe remains. 4. We breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who cares? 6. What he said does not matter.7. They talked for half an hour.8. The pen writes smoothly.句子的五种基本结

12、构 2. 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 I like apples. Ann is waiting for Kate at the school gate. 句子的五种基本结构Exercise:1. Who knows the answer?2. She smiled her thanks. 3. He has refused to help them. 4. He enjoys reading. 5. They ate what was left over. 6. He said Good morning.7. I want to have a cup of tea.8. He admits

13、that he was mistaken.句子的五种基本结构 3. 主语+系动词+表语 She is a teacher. The fish smells terrible. 句子的五种基本结构 Exercise: 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is growing tall and strong. 5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 6. Our wel

14、l has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 4. 主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 Uncle Li bought me a birthday present. Please pass me the salt. Exercise: 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. I showed him my pictures. 5. I gave my car a wa

15、sh. 6. I told him that the bus was late. 7. He showed me how to run the machine. 5. 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语 We call him Tom. We should keep the windows open. Exercise: 1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. We saw hi

16、m out. 6. He asked me to come back soon. 7. I saw them getting on the bus. 句句子子结结构构分分类类 简单句简单句 Simple Sentences 含有一个主语（或并含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子并列谓语）的句子 并列句并列句 Compound Sentences 包含两个或两个以上包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词间有并列连词and/but等或等或用分号连接用分号连接 复合句复合句 Complex Sentences 包含一个主句

17、和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导连词引导三大从句三大从句定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句 定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语充当定语 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. The boy in

18、the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool. He who laughs last laughs best.（定语从句）（定语从句）何为定语从句？何为定语从句？1.起连接作用起连接作用 2.替代先行词替代先行词 3.在从句中在从句中 做主语、做主语、 宾宾 语、表语语、表语 、定语或状语。、定语或状语。在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句. 一般位于所修饰的先一般位于所修饰的先行词之后行词之后.先行词先行词 定语从句所修饰的部分叫先行词定语从句所修饰的部分叫先行词, 多为多为名词名词,代

19、词或前面所叙述的内容代词或前面所叙述的内容 先行词先行词+关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that which who whom whose aswhy where when关系词作用关系词作用Main clause & the attributive clause Mary is a student who is 21 years old. ( ) ( ) He who laughs last laughs best. ( ) 主句部分主句部分从句部分从句部分从句部分从句部分attributive clause定语从句定语从句:修饰主句中名词或代词的从

20、句叫做定语从句。修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。antecedent 先行词先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。relative pronoun & relative adverb:引导定语从句的代词或副词叫做引导定语从句的代词或副词叫做关系代关系代/副词副词。Mary is a student who is 21 years old ( ) ( )The school where he studied is in Shenzhen. ( ) ( ) 先行词先行词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 David is a ki

21、nd person. He always helps others. David is a kind person who always helps others subject(主语主语)Function of relative words in the attributive clauses. I like the gift. He got the gift for me.I like the gift which he got for me. object（宾语）（宾语） He is a great boy. His name will be remembered.He is a gre

22、at boy whose name will be remembered.attribute（定语）（定语）1. The girl is my classmate. She spoke to me just now. The girl who spoke to me just now is my classmate. 2. The woman is our boss. You saw her just now. The woman who you saw just now is our boss. 3. The car was destroyed in the earthquake. My u

23、ncle has just bought it. The car which my uncle has just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.4. The trees are behind the officebuilding. They have lost their leaves. The trees which/that have lost their leaves are behind the officebuilding.5. Can you lend me the novel? You talked about the novel last week. Can you lend me the novel which/that you talked about last week?6. This is the scientist. His name is David. This is the scientist whose n