新编大学英语4unit5after-classreading

1、Athletes Should Not Be Role ModelsAthletes Should Not Be Role ModelsPassage 11. Pre-Reading Questions1. Pre-Reading Questions2. Organization Analysis2. Organization Analysis3. Words and Expressions3. Words and Expressions4. Key Sentences4. Key Sentences5. Main Points5. Main PointsPart Two: After-Cla

2、ss Reading Passage IPre-Reading QuestionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I1) Why do people want athletes to be heroes? 2) What are the qualities that make a successful athlete?To be continuedPre-Reading QuestionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I3) What does conditional self-worth mean?4)

3、 What brings the young athletes rewards?To be continuedPre-Reading QuestionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I5) What is the finding of Professor Sharon Stoll of the University of Idaho ?6) Why do successful athletes inevitably develop the feeling that they are privileged beings?To be continued

4、Pre-Reading QuestionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I7) Why does the author give the example of Alan Page ?8) Whats the conclusion?Organization AnalysisPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage IPart One (Para. 1-2) Introduction: People want athletes to be heroes.Part Two (Para. 3-8) Athletes sho

5、uld not be role models. Part Three (Para. 9) Some great individuals will always rise above the deforming athletic system created by society. Part Four (Para. 10) Conclusion: Society should not look to athletes for its heroes.Part Two: After-Class Reading Passage Iwitness v. Words and Expressions 1.

6、to see something happen,especially a crime or accident, because you are present when it happens 目击，亲眼看见目击，亲眼看见1) Several residents claim to have witnessed the attack.2) The novel is based on an event that he himself has witnessed. 2. to be present at the time of and notice 亲身经历亲身经历1) Recent years ha

7、ve witnessed a growing social mobility. 2) The retail trade is witnessing a sharp fall in sales. Part Two: After-Class Reading Passage Iused like “rather” to emphasize the effect of something 颇有几分，多少有点颇有几分，多少有点something of a shock or surprise 1) The news came as something of a surprise.2) It was som

8、ething of a shock to him to realize how fond of the little boy he had become.something of a gardener / an expert to know a lot about something or to be very good at something 堪称（算得堪称（算得上）园艺家上）园艺家/ /专家专家 1)Charlies always been something of an expert on architecture.2)Im something of an expert on comp

9、uters. Words and ExpressionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage Itransform v. convert, revolutionize, turn into 使改观，使变形，使转化使改观，使变形，使转化1) Increased population has transformed the landscape.2) It was an event that would transform my life. 3) The company has been transformed from a family business to

10、 a multi-million-pound operation.Words and ExpressionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I1. the attitude to life and the world of a particular person, group or culture 看法，观点；看法，观点； outlook n. 1) He had a practical outlook on life. 2) Most Western societies are liberal in outlook.3) Hes got a goo

11、d outlook on life.2. the probable future for somebody/ something; what is likely to happen; prospect 前景，远景前景，远景1) The outlook for jobs is bleak. 2) The outlook (=the probable weather) for the weekend is dry and sunny.To be continuedWords and ExpressionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I3. a vie

12、w from a particular place 景色，风光景色，风光 The house has a pleasant outlook over the valley. on top of sth./sb. 1. in addition to something/somebody 除除之外之外1) On top of borrowing $100, she asked me to lend her my car. 2) We missed the train, and on top of that we had to wait for two hours for the next one.

13、To be continuedWords and ExpressionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I2. over or above something/somebody在在之上之上 1)Put this record on top of the others. 2)He put his books on top of hers. 3. very close to something/somebody非常接近非常接近1)We were all living on top of each other in that tiny apartment.

14、2)The truck was almost on top of us.4. in control of a situation 控制（局面）控制（局面） 1)Do you think hes really on top of his job?2)Dont worry; Im back on top of things now.Words and ExpressionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage Iprotect, guard 保护，保卫保护，保卫 shield v.1) He held up his hands, shielding his e

15、yes from the sun. 2) Police believe that somebody is shielding the killer. 3) You cant shield her from the truth forever.given prep.taking something into account 考虑到考虑到 1) Given the circumstances, youve done really well.2) Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them t

16、o be as independent as possible.Words and ExpressionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage Ideform v.if you deform something, or if it deforms, its usual shape changes so that its usefulness or appearance is spoiled 使使变形，毁坏变形，毁坏的外观的外观1) Wearing badly-fitting shoes can deform our feet.2) The disease

17、often causes joints to deform.look to sb./sth. to depend on someone to provide help, advice etc. 指望，依靠指望，依靠1) We look to you for support.2) Theyre looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.Words and ExpressionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage IKey Sentences1. These days there ar

18、e so many stories about the criminal activities of athletes that sports pages are beginning to look like police reports. (l. 1-2)TranslationTranslation近来，关于体育运动中犯罪行为的报道特别多，以致近来，关于体育运动中犯罪行为的报道特别多，以致于报纸的体育版面开始像警方报告栏。于报纸的体育版面开始像警方报告栏。 CommentsComments 此句中用了此句中用了“so that”句型句型。 ExampleExample1) He was so

19、 weak that he could hardly stand up.2) Everything happened so quickly that I had no time to think.Part Two: After-Class Reading Passage I2. In an increasingly complicated and disorderly world, sports are still an arena in which we can regularly witness a certain kind of greatness. (l. 8-10) Translat

20、ionTranslation“in which”引导的定语从句，修饰引导的定语从句，修饰arena，表示，表示“在在这个竞技场内这个竞技场内”。 在这个日益复杂和无序的世界，体育仍是我们能在这个日益复杂和无序的世界，体育仍是我们能时常目睹某一种伟大表现的竞技场。时常目睹某一种伟大表现的竞技场。 CommentsCommentsKey SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I3. Yet theres something of a paradox here, for the very qualities a society tends to

21、 seek in its heroesselflessness, social consciousness, and the likeare precisely the opposite of those needed to transformed a talented but otherwise unremarkable neighborhood kid into a Michael Jordan. (l. 11-14) TranslationTranslation然而，这里却有些自相矛盾，因为社会往往在英雄身然而，这里却有些自相矛盾，因为社会往往在英雄身上寻求的那些品质上寻求的那些品质大公

22、无私、社会意识，等等大公无私、社会意识，等等与把一个有天分但原本并不起眼的街坊小孩变成迈克与把一个有天分但原本并不起眼的街坊小孩变成迈克尔尔乔丹所需的那些品质正好相反。乔丹所需的那些品质正好相反。 CommentsComments此句中此句中“tend to”为为“易于，倾于，往往易于，倾于，往往”的意思的意思。those通常代指前文出现的复数名词，这里代指通常代指前文出现的复数名词，这里代指qualities，单数，单数用用that指代指代 。Key SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I4. They learn very quic

23、kly that they will be accepted by the important figures in their livesparents, coaches and peers as long as they are perceived as “winners”. (l. 23-25)TranslationTranslation“as long as”的意思是的意思是“只要，如果只要，如果”，相当于，相当于“so long as”。 CommentsComments他们很快发现，只要他们被看作是他们很快发现，只要他们被看作是“胜利者胜利者”，就会被自己生活中的重要人物就会被自己

24、生活中的重要人物父母、教练和父母、教练和朋友朋友所接受。所接受。 To be continuedKey SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage IExampleExample You may use the book as you like, as/so long as you keep it clean. 你尽管用这本书，只要别把它弄脏。你尽管用这本书，只要别把它弄脏。 The storm lasted as long as 7 days. 风暴持续了风暴持续了7天之久。天之久。另外，另外， “as long as”还有还有“达达之久之久

25、”的意思。的意思。ExampleExampleKey SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I5. Young athletes learn that success, rather than hard and honest play, is what brings rewards. (l. 27-28)TranslationTranslation rather than 而不是，而非而不是，而非 年轻运动员认为，是成功，而不是努力和诚实的年轻运动员认为，是成功，而不是努力和诚实的比赛，能为他们带来回报。比赛，能为他们带来回报。 Comm

26、entsCommentsExampleExample1) It was the color of that dress, rather than the style that attracted me. 是那件衣服的颜色而非款式吸引了我。是那件衣服的颜色而非款式吸引了我。2) He lay rather than sat in his armchair. 他是躺在而非坐在扶手椅里。他是躺在而非坐在扶手椅里。To be continuedKey SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage IExampleExampleNote: “rather

27、than”也可分开用，表示也可分开用，表示“宁可宁可而不；而不； 是是而不是而不是；最好；最好而不而不 ”，连接动词原形。，连接动词原形。 1) I would rather die than surrender. 我宁死不屈。我宁死不屈。2) I would rather stay at home than go out shopping on Sunday. 星期天我宁可呆在家里也不愿上街购物。星期天我宁可呆在家里也不愿上街购物。 Key SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I6. Its not unheard-of for at

28、hletic department staff to wake up athletes in the morning and to take them to class. (l. 36-37)TranslationTranslation这是这是“It is + adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.”句型。其中，句型。其中， “not unheard-of”是双重否定，表示肯定的意思，相当于是双重否定，表示肯定的意思，相当于heard-of。 体育部的老师早晨去把运动员们叫醒并把他们带到体育部的老师早晨去把运动员们叫醒并把他们带到课堂上，这种事情并非闻所未闻。课堂上，这种事情并非

29、闻所未闻。 CommentsCommentsKey SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I7. Given this situation, its not too surprising that many young American athletes lack a fully developed understanding of right and wrong. (l. 38-39) TranslationTranslation此处此处given相当于相当于considering，意为，意为“考虑到考虑到” ，引，引导名词短语。导名词

30、短语。 考虑到这种情况，许多美国年轻运动员缺乏成熟的考虑到这种情况，许多美国年轻运动员缺乏成熟的是非观也就不足为奇了。是非观也就不足为奇了。CommentsCommentsExampleExampleGiven their experience, theyve done a good job. 考虑到他们经验不足，这工作他们做得已是相当不错考虑到他们经验不足，这工作他们做得已是相当不错了。了。Key SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I8. She reports that in the area of moral reasoning

31、, athletes invariably score lower than non-athletesand that they grow worse the longer they participate in athletics. (l. 41-43) TranslationTranslation表示表示“越越越越 ”一般用一般用“the more the more”，此结构和它所修饰的成分必须放于句首，形成倒装，此结构和它所修饰的成分必须放于句首，形成倒装，一般是从句在前，主句在后。一般是从句在前，主句在后。 她报告说，在伦理道德这一方面，运动员总是比非她报告说，在伦理道德这一方面，运动

32、员总是比非运动员得分低，而且他们从事体育运动时间越长，运动员得分低，而且他们从事体育运动时间越长，得分越低。得分越低。 CommentsCommentsTo be continuedKey SentencesPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage IExampleExample1) The more learned a man is, the more modest he is.2) The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is).3) The earlier (it is), the better (it is).Note: 有时主句在前，用正常语序，即有时主句在前，用正常语序，即“主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +（the）+ +比较比较级级”句型来表达。而从句在后，仍用句型来表达。而从句在后，仍用“the more”形式。本课这形式。本课这一句就是用了这种句型。一句就是用了这种句型。Most people find that time goes by more quickly, the old