车辆工程专业英语复习资料

1、车辆工程专业英语复习资料1. The four-stroke spark-ignition engine cycle consists: induction stroke (intake stoke), compression stroke, power stroke, exhaust stroke.（四冲程点燃式发动机行程包括：进气行程，压缩行程，作工行程，排气行程。）2. 内燃机：internal combustion engine 外燃机：external combustion engine3. The lower the gear ratio selected, the higher

2、the torque transmitted.（选择的齿轮齿数越少，传递的扭矩越大）4. Different gear 差速器drive shaft 传动轴 final drive 主减速器 universal joints 万向节 steering box 转向器5. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: Body ,Engine, Chassis and electrical system.（这些部件可组成四个主要部分：车身、发动机、底盘和电路系统）6. the purpose of the complete susp

3、ension system is to isolate the vehicle body form road shocks and vibrations,which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load.（整个悬架系统的目的是分离车身来自路面的冲击和振动，否则会被传递给乘客和货物。）7. tube tires 有内胎轮胎 drum brakes鼓式制动器 disc brakes盘式制动器8. most modern lighe vehicles have either disc brakes on the front

4、wheels and drum brakes on the rear or disc brakes on all 4 wheels大多数现代光车是前轮采用盘式制动鼓上的所有4个车轮后面或盘式制动器制动器9. the electrical system supplies electricity for thestarter，ignition，lights and heater电气系统为起动机、点火系统、照明灯具、取暖器提供电能10. the sparks must be supplied at the right time and they sufficient energy over a ra

5、nge of conditions to ignite the charges火花必须在正确的时间提供足够的能量，他们在一系列的条件下点燃的指控11. distributor分电器 spark plug 火花塞12. Energy is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate.（能量是用来产生动力的，燃料中的化学能通过控制其比例进行燃烧可转化成热能。）13. The engine acts as

6、the power unit. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). （发动机是汽车的动力来源。有两种发动机：汽油机（也叫做点燃式发动机）和柴油机（也称作压燃式发动机）14. The chassis includes the power train, steering , suspension, braking systems. Power train system conveys

7、 the drive to the wheels.Steering system controls the direction of movement.Suspension and wheels absorb the road shocks.Brake slows down the vehicle.（汽车底盘包括：传动系、转向系、悬架和制动系。传动系将动力传到驱动轮转向系控制着汽车的方向悬架和轮子缓冲来自路面的振动制动系减缓或制动汽车15. the spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally su

8、pplied in ignition,which converts the energy contained in the fuel to kinetic energy 火花点火式发动机是一种内部与外部的点火器，将燃料中的能量转换为动能16. intake valve 进气阀 exhaust valve 排气阀 specific fuel consumption 燃油消耗率swept volume 有效容积 engine capacity 发动机排量 compression ratio 压缩比 17. Excess-air factor: =Air mass supplied / Theore

9、tical requirement.（过量空气系数：=实际进气量/理论要求空气量）18. the flammability of gasoline varies with its quality and the additives mixed with the gasoline,the way gasoline burns inside the combustion chamber is most important 汽油的燃烧随汽油质量和添加剂混合而变化，汽油燃烧，在燃烧室是最重要的途径19. The combustion process in the cylinder is influen

10、ced not only by fuel management, mixture quantity and air-fuel ratio, but also by the ignition advance and the energy contained in the ignition spark.（发动机气缸中的燃烧过程不仅受到喷油量、混合气量和空燃比的影响，而且也受到点火提前角的火花能量的影响。） 20. because a specific ignition advance angle and a specific injection time correspond to each po

11、int of the engine speed load map, 因为一个特定的点火提前角和一个特定的注射时间对应的发动机转速负荷图中的每一点，it is important that all variables which pertain to the same point are calculated on the same speed/load area更重要的是，所有的变量都归于同一点的计算是基于相同的速度或负荷区21. The exhaust-gas recirculated back to the combustion chamber thus serves to reduce

12、the peak combustion temperature. Since formation of oxides of nitrogen increases super proportionally with the combustion temperature, EGR as a tempera-tune-reducing measure is a very effective method of reducing oxides of nitrogen.（废气再循环回到燃烧室中可使燃烧最高温降低。因为数据显示，NOx随燃烧温度升高而增加，所以EGR就成为一种通过降低燃烧最高温减少NOx排

13、放的有效措施。）22. the idle speed control is realized by means of data from the ignition system and the fuel injection systen and is part of the overall system of control which includes tank ventilation and camshaft control怠速控制是通过从点火系统和燃油喷射系统和数据的一部分是整个系统的控制，包括油箱通风和凸轮轴控制23. gasoline direct injection(GDI)汽油直

14、接喷射 SPI单点喷射 MPI多点喷射24. ECU: electronic control unit电子控制单元 air/fuel ratio空燃比 throttle valve节气门 weak mixture:稀混合气 rich mixture:浓混合气 advance angle 提前角25. The more air is compressed, the higher will be its temperature.（压缩的空气越多，气缸内温度越高。）26. .To get the high temperatures needed to ignite the diesel fuel,

15、higher compression ratios are needed.（为得到可点燃柴油的温度，需要更高的压缩比。）27. the necessity of reducing consumption and the tightening of noxious emissions legislation at the end of the eighties, added more weight to the trend towards highly charged engines in the commercial vehicle as well as the passenger car s

16、ector ,with the aid of the turbocharger,it was possible to considerable increase the efficiency of the engines and simultaneously reduce noxious emissions .（80年代减轻有害废气的有必要的方法只能是加强客运客车发动机负载量或者商业车的。有了涡轮机的帮助，减轻有害气体和提高能源的效率成为了可能。）28. Turbo charge system: 涡轮增压系统 with the aid of the turbocharger, it was p

17、ossible to considerably increase the efficiency of the engines and simultaneously reduce noxious emissions.（涡轮增压的使用，使提高发动机效率的同时减少有害物的排放成为可能。）29. in gasoline engine too,the turbo charger is no longer regarded primarily from the point of view of performance enhancement but rather as a way of saving fu

18、el and thus preserving the environment due to lower carbor dioxide emissions.（在汽油发动机里也是一样，涡轮机最主要的功用不是表现在提高效率，但就像节约燃料使二氧化碳排放量减小一样的道理）30. .Engine Cooling:发动机冷却 air cooling 风冷 liquid cooling水冷Cooling system consists of several interdependent parts that function together to maintain proper engine temper

19、atures: radiator, fan, coolant recovery system, coolant pump, water jacket, thermostat, pressure cap, soft plugs.（冷却系包括几个相互依赖并同时工作来维持发动机正常要求温度的部件：散热器，风扇，冷却液回收系统，冷却水泵，水套，节温器，压力阀，软管。）31. After you start the engine, it should heat to an efficient operating temperature as quickly as possible and maintai

20、n that temperature without overheating.（当你启动发动机后，发动机应该最快的升温到最利于操作的温度并保持在那个温度以免过热。）32. The purpose of the lubrication system is to circulate oil through the engine. An engine must have a good lubrication system. Without it, the friction heat from the contact of the moving parts would wear the parts a

21、nd cause power lose.（润滑系的目的是让循环中的润滑油通过发动机。发动机必须要有良好的润滑系。如果没有的话，运动部件之间摩擦产生热将导致部件磨损和动力损失。）33. emission control 排放控制 relief valve 安全阀34. The burned gases removed from the combustion chamber contain such harmful emission as: hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides.（气缸中燃烧过的废气包括三种有害物质：HC, CO和NOx。）

22、 35. Three-way Catalytic Converter三元催化转化器Exhaust-gas recirculation(EGR)废气再循环Evaporative emission control 蒸发排放控制36. The chassis is an assembly of those system that are the major operating parts of a vehicle.（底盘是汽车上主要操作装置的总成。）37. A power train can include a clutch for manual transmission or a torque c

23、onverter for automatic transmission, a transmission, a drive shaft, final drive and differential gears and drive axles.（传动系包括离合器、手动变速器或自动变矩器、变速器、传动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动轴）38. The location of the driving axle determines whether the vehicle is classified as near-wheel drive, four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive

24、.（驱动轴位置决定汽车分为：后驱，前驱，四驱和全驱。）39. A basic steering system has 3 main parts: a steering box connected to the steering wheel, the linkage connecting the steering box to the wheel assembly at the front wheels and suspension parts to let the wheel assemblies pivot.（转动系包括3部分：转向器连接转向轮，横拉杆连接转向器与前轮和前悬连接的转向器，从而

25、使车轮总成转动。）40. Braking systems are differentiated according to the type of energy used: muscular-energy braking system, energy-assisted braking system, non-muscular-energy braking system, intertia braking system and gravity braking system.（制动系根据所用制动能量不同克期别为：机械制动，助力制动，动力制动，惯性制动和重力制动。）41. 行车制动：service b

26、raking 驻车制动：parking braking 动力制动non-muscular-energy brake42. the difference between these braking systems is primarily the way in which energy is used in braking-system control.（这些制动系统之间的差异主要是以何种方式能用于制动系统的控制。）43. there is slso an antiskid systen that prevents the brakes from locking up the wheels an

27、d causing skidding.（还有一个防滑的系统防止制动车轮锁死造成车辆滑行事故。）44. continuously variable transmissions(CVT)无级变速器 automatic transmission(AT)自动manually transmissions(MT)手动变速器45. antilock braking systems(ABS)防抱死制动系统are control decices within braking systems which prevent the wheels from locking up during braking.（防抱死制

28、动系统控制装置的制动系统，防止车轮在制动中锁死）46. Air-conditioning system: to supply cool, dry, clean air for the comfort of passengers.（空调系统：提供冷却，干燥的空气以使乘员保持舒适。）47. Heating System: Modern cars have a blend-air system that mixes warm and unwarmed air to heat the car.（制热系：现代汽车中的空气混合系统通过混合热气体与冷气体使车内变暖。）48. Venting System:

29、The purpose of venting system is to draw in fresh air and remove stale air from the interior of the car.（通风系：其目的是引入新鲜空气，排除残留在车内的空气。）49. Evaporator 蒸发器 compressor压缩机 refrigerant 冷却剂 defroster 除冰装置 expander膨胀器 steering knuckle 转向节50. The air conditioner works tike a refrigerator. It has five basic par

30、ts: the receiver, expansion valve, evaporator, compressor, condenser.（汽车空调的工作就像电冰箱，包括五部分：接收器，膨胀阀，蒸发器，压缩机和冷凝器。）51. the steering converts the steerin-wheel rotary motion into a turn motion of the steered wheels of the vehicle转向将转向轮旋转运动转变为一种汽车转向轮的转向运动52. A basic suspension system consists of spring, ax

31、les, shock absorbers, arms, rods and ball joints.（悬架系包括：弹簧，轴、减震器、减震臂、杆和球铰链。）53. electricity is the flow of electrons电是电子的流动they are forced to move by electrical voltage他们被迫移动通过电压in an automobile,the electrical voltage is created by chemical action in the storage battery and by magnetic induction in

32、the alternator.（在汽车上，电压的产生是蓄电池里的化学作用和在发电机磁感应。）54. The functions of electrical system: 汽车电器系统的作用： Battery supplies energy to operate the components when the engine is stationary or when output from the charging system is low.电池在发动机静止或动力不足时向各操作部件供电Starting enables the engine to be cranked over at a sp

33、eed sufficient for it to “fire”启动发动机使其达到一定转速从而启动汽车Charging supplies the electrical energy when the engine is running and maintain the battery in a full charged state.当发动机正常工作时，向电池充电并维持电池满电量状态Ignition provides a spark to “fire” the engine.为点火系提供点火能量Lighting is needed for exterior and interior illumination .为车内外照明供电Auxiliary includes the various accessories such as windscreen wipers and washers, direction indicators.为车窗开关、雨刷、转向指示等辅助设备供电Electronic devices are used on modern automob