【学案】句子的基本成分及句型 学案

1、 校本资源句子的基本成分、基本句型句子的基本成分 【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。包括： 、 、 、 、 、 和 等。 一、主语：主语是句子说明的人或事物“是什么”或“是谁”。主语一般位于_ 。 Jane is good at playing the piano. 简擅长弹钢琴。 She went out in a hurry. 她匆忙出去了。 The old should hand on the torch of knowledge to the young. 老年人应该把知识的火炬传递给年轻人。 To see is to believe. 眼

2、见为实。 Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟有害健康。 【归纳】 主语通常由 _ 词、_词、数词、名词化的形容词、_、_以及主语从句充当。 谓语动词：说明主语做什么或怎么样。We love China. 我们爱中国。He can speak English. 他会说英语。We have finished reading this book. 我们看完了这本书。砺志、笃学、博爱、拓新 校本资源【归纳】 谓语由 动词 或 动词短语 充当，位于主语之后。（1） _动词 可单独作谓语（2） _ 动词 和 _ 动词需要和 实义动词 一起构成谓语。（3） 连系动词 和 表语 一起构

3、成谓语。 宾语： 表示动作涉及的对象或承受者， 一般放在_或_后面。 She has a very pleasant smile. 她笑得很灿烂。 I think (that) he is fit for his office. 我认为他适合这个职务。 Lend me your dictionary, please. 请借给我你的词典。 【归纳】 宾语常由 _词、代词、动名词、不定式或相当于名词的词组和_等充当。【双宾语】直接宾语与间接宾语有些动词可带有两个宾语，其中一个指物sth（直接宾语），另一个指人sb（间接宾语）。v+sth+sb 动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）He lends

4、me a book. He bought me a big house. You teach me English. 宾语补足语：对宾语进行补充说明的成分。 句式结构： V.+ 宾语+ 宾补 My parents ask me to study hard. 我父母要求我努力学习。They painted their boat white. 他们把船漆成白色。I will keep everything clean. 我会保持一切干净。砺志、笃学、博爱、拓新 校本资源【归纳】 宾补一般由 _词、_词、动词不定式、副词、分词和介词短语等充当。 表语：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。一般位于 系动词

5、 之后。 His words sounded reasonable. 他的话听起来很合理的。 She is in good health. 她很健康。 My father is a professor. 我父亲是一位教授。【归纳】位于系动词之后，由_词、代词、_词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、_词短语、副词及表语从句充当。定语前置定语：_ 后置定语：_后置定语：用来修饰_或_。可分为前置定语和后置定语。 1.You are the most beautiful girls. 2.The man under the tree is my teacher.3.The swimming boy is

6、 my brother.4.The boy swimming in the river is my brother. 5.Do you know the man who is talking to your mother? 【归纳】定语一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、_、动名词、_词、介词短语和从句等充当。七、状语：修饰_、_、_或_。砺志、笃学、博爱、拓新 校本资源状语可说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的条件、让步、方向、程度等。1. He is often late for class.2. We saw that picture at the cinema.3. They di

7、d everything they could to save the boys life.4. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. 5. He was angry because we were late.6. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.【归纳】状语一般由_词、形容词、不定式、分词、_词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。【巩固练习】写出黑体部分所作的句子成分1. Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food an

8、d scenery. ( )2. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways. ( )3. The musician along with his band members has given the performance in the last three months. ( )4. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happie

9、r than those who are not. ( )5. Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development. ( )砺志、笃学、博爱、拓新 校本资源6. Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people flexible options to exercise. ( )7. I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but

10、I couldnt mange it. ( )8. To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. ( )9. Learning to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future. ( )10. We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming tr

11、ue. ( )句子类型1. 主+谓 Times flies.2. 主+谓+状 She sings beautifully.3. 主+谓+宾 I love you.4. 主+谓+宾+状 I wrote a letter yesterday.5. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 I give you my heart. 【注意】常跟双宾语的动词：bring, give, lend, offer, promise, send, show, teach, tell; buy, choose, find, get, make, order.6. 主+谓+宾+宾补 You make me happy.7. 主+系+表

12、 You are my everything.砺志、笃学、博爱、拓新 校本资源【巩固练习】写出下列简单句所使用的句型结构1. Id like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon. ( )2. At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving. ( )3. I will have to have my photograph taken. ( )4. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic projec

13、t. ( )5. I want to see Mr. White. ( )6. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment. ( )7. Jim has retired. ( )8. You are waiting at a wrong place. ( )9. Michael was late for Mr. Smiths chemistry class this morning. ( )课后训练分析下列句子成分和句子类型。1. They arrived yesterday2. Children often sing th

14、is song.3. We keep our classroom clean and tidy.砺志、笃学、博爱、拓新 校本资源4. She showed her friends to us.5. The bike is new.6. He looks at her face carefully.7. Tom is sleeping on the bed.8. A dog ran after him.9. Sunshine makes us warm.10. I taught you English.11. Alice sent him flowers.12. A big smile is on her face.13. Leaves are yellow in autumn.14. He wears a black hat.15. The woman carrying a baby is my mother.Answers: 一、【答案】谓语动词前； 名 ， 代， 动词不