有机化合物英文名称

1、有机化合物的英文命名饱和烃饱和烃-Alkanes分子式中文名系统英文名分子式中文名系统英文名CH4甲烷MethaneC9H20壬烷NonaneC2H6乙烷EthaneC10H22葵烷DecaneC3H8丙烷PropaneC11H24十一烷UndecaneC4H10丁烷ButaneC12H26十二烷DodecaneC5H12戊烷PentaneC18H28十三烷TridecaneC6H14己烷HexaneC14H30十四烷TetradecaneC7H16庚烷HeptaneC15H32十五烷PentadecaneC8H18辛烷octaneC16H34十六烷hexadecane烷烃的英文名称字尾都有-

2、ane烷基的命名烷基的命名H3CCCH3CH3H2C分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名CH3-甲基methylmethylCH3CH2-乙基ethylethylCH3CH2CH2-正丙基n-propylpropylCH3CHCH3异丙基isopropyl1-methyl ethylCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-正丁基n-butylbutylCH3(CH2)3CH2-正戊基n-pentyl or n-amylpentylCH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2-异戊基isopentyl or isoamyl3-methyl butyl新戊基neopentyl2,2-dimethyl propyl分子式中

3、文名普通英文名系统英文名CH2=CH2乙烯ethyleneethyleneCH3CH=CH2丙烯propylenepropyleneCH3CH2CH=CH21-丁烯1-butylene1-butene(CH3)2C=CH2异丁烯isobutylenepropene, 2-methyl-CH3CH2CH2CH=CH21-戊烯1-amylene1-penteneCH2=CHC(CH3)=CH2异戊二烯isoprene1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl不饱和烃不饱和烃 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon将相应烷的字尾-ane改为-ene即为烯，双烯字尾为-adiene, 三烯

4、为-atriene不饱和烯基（不饱和烯基（Alkenyl）的英文命名）的英文命名分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名CH2=CH-乙烯基vinylethenylCH2=CHCH2-烯丙基allyl2-proenylCH3CH=CH-丙烯基propenyl1-propenylCH3CH=CHCH2-2-丁烯基2-butenyl烯基(alkenyl)是将烯的字尾-ene改为-enyl，在系统命名中，简单的烯基仍保留了普通命名，但CA全部采用系统命名分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名乙炔acetyleneethyne丙炔methyl acetylenepropyne2-丁炔dimethyl acetyle

5、ne2-butyne丙烯基乙炔propenyl acetylene3-penten-1-yne炔类化合物的英文名CH3CCHCH3CCCH3CCCH3HCH3CHC分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名苯benzenebenzene奈naphthalenenaphthalene蒽anthraceneanthracene菲phenanthrenephenanthrene芳香烃 Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds 系统命名是以芳香环为母体，取代基根据环上的位置而定位，苯环上表示2个基团的相对位置命名常用邻位 o-、对位 p-、和间位 m-表示。分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名C

6、6H5CH3甲苯toluenetolueneBenzene, methyl-邻二甲苯o-xylenebenzene,1,2-dimethyl-对二甲苯p-xylenebenzene, 1,4-dimethyl间二甲苯m-xylenebenzene, 1,3-dimethylC6H5CH=CH2苯乙烯styrenestyrenebenzene, ethenyl-分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名C6H5-苯基phenylphenyl-萘基-naphthyl-naphthyl1-naphthalenyl-萘基-naphthyl-naphthyl2-naphthalenylC6H5CH2-苯甲基ben

7、zylbenzyl对苯甲基p-tolylP-tolyl (4-methyl phenylH3CH2C当芳香环上带有脂肪链时，按杂环、芳香环、脂环、脂链的骨架优先顺序，CA系统命名以芳香环作为骨架，脂链作为取代基。在英文命名中取代基按字顺排列的，在中文命名中，是按基团大小顺序排列，小的放在前，芳香基（-aryl）字尾有-yl。分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名CH3Cl氯甲烷Methyl chlorideMethane, chloro-CH2Cl2二氯甲烷Methylene dichlorideMethane, dichloroCHCl3三氯甲烷氯仿ChloroformMethane, trich

8、loroCCl4四氯甲烷Carbon tetrachlorideMethane, tetrachloroCH3CH2Br溴乙烷Ethyl bromideEthane, bromoBrCH2CH2Br1,2-二溴乙烷Ethylene dibromideEthane, 1,2-dibromoCH2=CHCl氯乙烯Vinyl chlorideEthylene, chloro-CH2=CHCH2Cl烯丙基氯Allyl chloride1-propene, 3-chloro氯苯Phenyl chlorideBenzene, chloro对二氯苯p-phenylene dichlorideBenzene,

9、 1,4-dichloro-p-dichlorobenzene卤代烃卤代烃 Organic Halides 系统命名是将卤素作为主链的取代基卤素作为取代基英文名作为卤化物英文名F-Fluoro-FluorideCl-Chloro-ChlorideBr-Bromo-BromideI-Iodo-Iodide分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名-CH2-亚甲基methylenemethylenemethylidene-CH2CH2-1,2-亚甲基ethylenedimethylene1,2-ethandiyl-(CH2)3-三亚甲基trimethylenetrimethylene1,3-propandi

10、yl-C6H4-对亚苯基p-phenylene1,4-phenylene亚乙基Ethylideneethylidene分子式中文名普通命名衍生命名系统命名CH3OH甲醇Methyl alcoholCarbinolMethanolC2H5OH乙醇Ethyl alcoholMethyl carbinolEthanolCH3CH2CH2OH正丙醇n-propyl alcoholEthyl carbinol1-propanolCH3CH(OH)CH3异丙醇Isopropyl alcoholDimethyl carbinol2-propanolCH3(CH2)3OH正丁醇n-butyl alcoholP

11、ropyl carbinol1-butanol3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇2-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl苯甲醇，苄醇Benzyl alcoholPhenylmethanol醇、酚、醚醇、酚、醚 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名HO-CH2-CH2-OH乙二醇Ethylene glycol1,2-ethanediolHO(CH2)3OH1，3-丙二醇Trimethylene glycol1,3-propanediolCH2(OH)CH2(OH)CH2(OH) 甘油glycerol1,2,3-propanetriol分子式中文名

12、普通英文名系统英文名CH3CH2OCH2CH3乙醚Diethyl etherEthane, 1,1-oxybis-CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH3甲丁醚n-butyl methyl etherButane, 1-methoxyCH3OC6H5苯甲醚Methyl phenyl ether, or anisoleBenzene, methoxy分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名C6H5OH苯酚phenolphenol-萘酚-naphtyol1-naphthol1-naphthalenol-萘酚-naphtyol2-naphthol2-naphthalenol对甲苯酚p-cresolPhenol, 4

13、-methyl对苯二酚p-hydroquinone1,4-hydroquinone 1,4-benzenediol对溴代苯酚Bisphenol APhenol, 4-bromo-双酚 ABisphenol APhenol, 1-methylethylidene bis-化合物中文名普通命名系统命名杂环系统名环氧乙烷Ethylene oxide1,2-epoxyethaneOxirane1，2-环氧丙烷Propylene oxide1,2-epoxypropaneOxirane, methyl-缩水甘油Glycidol2,3-epoxy-1-propanolOxiranemethanol,呋喃f

14、uranFuranfuran分子式中文名英文名CH3O-甲氧基methoxyC2H5O-乙氧基ethoxyC3H7O-丙氧基propoxyC6H5O-苯氧基phenoxy化合物中文名普通命名系统命名CH3NH2甲胺methyl aminemethanamineCH3NHC2H5甲乙胺ethyl methylamineethanamine, N-methyl-C6H5NH2苯胺anilinebenzenamine, aniline(CH3)4NCl氯化四甲基铵tetramethyl ammonium chloridemethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-,chloride

15、邻甲苯胺o-toluidinebenzenamine, 2-methyl-萘胺-naphthyl amine1-maphthalenamineH2N(CH2)3NH2丙二胺trimethylene diamine1,3-propanediamine邻苯二胺o-phenylene diamine1,2-benzenediamineC6H5CH2CH2NH2苯乙胺(2-phenyl ethyl) aminebenzeneethanamine含氮有机化合物含氮有机化合物 Nitrogenous Organic Compounds胺类化合物的CA命名不用苯胺、甲苯胺的名称，但是在一般系统命名中仍保留了

16、这两个俗名化合物中文名系统英文名CH3CH2CH(NO2)CH32-硝基丁烷Butane, 2-nitroC6H5NO2硝基苯Benzene,nitro-三硝基甲苯Benzene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名偶氮异丁,-azobis isobutylroni?Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-, 2,2-azobisC6H5N=NC6H5偶氮苯azobisbenzeneDiazene, diphenyl-CH3COCH3丙酮acetoneacetoneCH3COCH2CH2CH32-戊

17、酮methyl propyl ketone2pentanone环己酮cyclohexanonecyclohexanoneC6H5COC6H5二苯酮diphenyl ketonebenzophenoneMethanone, diphenyl化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名HCHO甲醛formaldehydeformaldehydeCH3CHO乙醛acetaldehydeacetaldehydeCH3CH2CHO丙醛propionaldehydepropanalCH3(CH2)2CHO正丁醛n-butyraldehydebutanalCH3(CH2)3CHO正戊醛n-valeraldehydepen

18、tanalCH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO-甲基丁醛-methyl butyraldehydebutanal, 2-methyl-CH2=CHCHO丙烯醛acrolein2-propenalC6H5CHO苯甲醛Benzaldehydebenzaldehyde化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名HCOOH甲酸formic acidformic acidCH3COOH乙酸acetic acidacetic acidCH3CH2COOH丙酸propionic acidPropanoic acidCH3(CH2)2COOH正丁酸n-butyric acidButanoic acidCH3(CH2)3COOH

19、正戊酸n-valeric acidPentanoic acidCH3(CH2)4COOH正己酸n-caproic acidHexanoic acidCH3CH(OH)COOH乳酸lactic acidPropanoic acid, 2-hydroxyCH2=CHCOOH丙烯酸arylic acid2-propenoic acidHOOCCOOH草酸oxalic acidEthanedioic acidHOOCCH2COOH丙二酸malonic acidPropandioic acidHOOC(CH2)4COOH己二酸adipic acidHexanedioic acid顺-丁烯二酸maleic

20、 acid2-butenedioic acid, Z-反-丁烯二酸fumaric acid2-butenedioic acid, E-羧酸和取代酸羧酸和取代酸 Carboxylic Acids and Substitute Carboxylic Acids化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名C6H5COOH苯甲酸benzoic acidbenzoic acid邻苯二甲酸phthalic acid1,2-benzene-dicarboxylic acidC6H5CH2COOH苯乙酸2-phenyl acetic acidBenzeneethanoic acid环己甲酸Cyclohexanecarbox

21、ylic acidCyclohenanecarboxylic acid化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名CH3COCl乙酰氯Acetyl chlorideEthanoyl chloride, acetyl chlorideCH3CH2CH2COF丁酰氟Butyryl fluorineButanoyl fluorineC6H5COCl苯甲酰氯Benzoyl chlorideBenzoyl chloride乙酸酐Acetic anhydrideAcetic acid, anhydride邻苯二甲酸酐Phthalic anhydride1,3-benofurandionePhthalic acid an

22、hydride1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acidAnhydride顺丁烯二酸酐Maleic nhydride2,5-furandioneMaleic acid anhydrideZ-2-butendioic acid anhydrideCH3CO2C2H5乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetateAcetic acid, ethyl esterC6H5CO2C6H5苯甲酸苯酯Phenyl benzoateBenzoic acid, phenyl esterCH3CH(CH3)(CH2)2CO2CH(CH3)C2H54-甲基戊酸2-丁酯sec-butyl ioexanoatePe

23、ntanoic acid, 4-methyl-, (1-methylpropyl)ester化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名乙酸酐Acetic anhydrideAcetic acid, anhydride邻苯二甲酸酐Phthalic anhydride1,3-benofurandionePhthalic acid anhydride1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acidAnhydride顺丁烯二酸酐Maleic nhydride2,5-furandioneMaleic acid anhydrideZ-2-butendioic acid anhydrideCH3CO2C2H5

24、乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetateAcetic acid, ethyl esterC6H5CO2C6H5苯甲酸苯酯Phenyl benzoateBenzoic acid, phenyl esterCH3CH(CH3)(CH2)2CO2CH(CH3)C2H54-甲基戊酸2-丁酯sec-butyl ioexanoatePentanoic acid, 4-methyl-, (1-methylpropyl)ester化合物中文名普通命名CH3CONH2乙酰胺Acetamide苯甲酰胺BenzamideCH3CON(CH3)2N,N-二甲基乙酰胺Acetamide, N,N-dimethyl-H2NCO

25、NH2尿素UreaCH3CH2CH2CONH2丁酰胺Butramide, utanamide化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名-戊内酰胺-Vaerolactam5-pentanolactam2-piperidinone-内酰胺-Carprolactam6-hexanolactam2H-azepin-2-one, hexahydro-戊内酯-Valerol actone4-pentanol actoneOxolan-2-one, 4-methyl乙酰亚胺Acetimide邻苯二甲酰亚胺Phthalimide1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名CH3CN乙

26、腈Methyl cyanideAcetonitrile苯甲腈Phenyl cyanideBenzonitrileCH2=CHCN丙烯腈Vinyl cyanideAcrylonitrile2-propenenltrileCH2=C(CN)偏氰乙烯Vinylidene cyanidePropanedinitrile, methyleneCH3CH2CN丙腈ethyl cyanidePropanenitrile基团官能团名取代基名R4N+AmmoniumR4P+PhosphoniumR3O-OxoniumR3S+Sulfonium-COOH-carboxylic acidCarboxy-(C)OOH

27、-oic acid-SO3HSulfonic acidSulfo-COORCarboxylic acid r-ester-(C)OOR-oic acid r-ester-COXCarboxyl halideHaloformyl-(C)OX-oyl halide-CONH2carboxamideAminocarbonyl-(C)ONH2-amide-CN-carbonitrileCyano-(C)N-nitrileNitrilo-CHO-carbaldehydeFormyl-(C)HO-al-oxo-CO-oneOxo-X卤代Halo-NO2硝基Nitro-NCO异氰酸基Isocyanato-N

28、=N-偶氮基Diazo-OR烷氧基R-oxy-SR烷硫基R-thio-S-硫代Thio-O-氧代Oxy-SO2-砜代Sulfonylidene-SO-亚砜代Acetyl-CH3CO-乙酰基Acetyloxy-乙酸（2-羟基丙）酯Acetic acid, (2-hydroxypropyl) ester2-戊酮2-pentanone, oxime苯甲醛苯腙Benzaldehyde, phenylhydrazoneHistamine is a biogenic amine involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiol

29、ogical function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.1 Histamine triggers the inflammatory response. As part of an immune response to foreign pathogens, histamine is produced by basophils and by mast cells found in nearby connective tissues. Histamine increases the permeability of the capilla

30、ries to white blood cells and other proteins, in order to allow them to engage foreign invaders in the affected tissues.2 It is found in virtually all animal body cells CimetidineHMG-CoA (or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) is an intermediate in the Mevalonate pathway. It is formed from acetyl

31、 CoA and acetoacetyl CoA by HMG-CoA synthase. HMG-CoA reductase converts it into mevalonic acidacetyl CoAmevalonic acidLovastatin is a member of the drug class of statins, used for lowering cholesterol (hypolipidemic agent) in those with hypercholesterolemia and so preventing cardiovascular disease.

32、 Lovastatin is a naturally occurring drug found in food such as oyster mushrooms1 and red yeast rice Captopril (rINN) (pronounced /kptprl/) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. Captopril was the first ACE inhibitor developed and was considered a breakthrough both because of its novel mechanism of action and also because of th