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1、定语从句的讲解及练习一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2、 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped

3、an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) Thi

4、s is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (做宾语)5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose fathe

5、r is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yel

6、low?注:that 用法(1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。 (b) 在不定代词,如:a

7、nything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时 (g) 为了避免重复 (h)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例: Is this the book that you

8、borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗? Who that break the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 三、关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词 关系副词:在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=

9、in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to

10、 the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he

11、 brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for whi

12、ch he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注:1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2)that前不能有介词。 3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the h

13、ouse where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 练习(一)请分析一下定语从句:( 请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2

14、. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do.

15、9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know s

16、omeone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用关系代词填空:that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some mo

17、ney.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _ you lent me were very useful.1

18、1. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ is on the table is mine.16. The film _ they are talking about is very intere

19、sting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A

20、. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. Whats the name of the program_. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening( ) 3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4.

21、 He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_? A. whom I of

22、ten talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. its D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( )10. The young woman_ I spoke ju

23、st now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that 练习(二)1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ wate

24、r changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B

25、. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He fai

26、led in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is

27、singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded ju

28、st now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belon

29、g D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was

30、travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its t

31、he third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.

32、A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that

33、 we stayed 30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced?A. in which B. where C. which D. that 三选择1-5 ADACC 6-10 ACABB参考答案15 AADBA 610 ABCCA 1115 AADAD 1620 CDDBC 2125 ACBDC 2630 AADAD定语从句练习题(2)(附答案解析) 一、单项填空从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。1 This is the only one of the students _ the truthA that

34、knows B that know C who know D which knows2 Do you know the girl _?A whom he often talk toB to who he often talksC to that he often talks D he often talks to3 The world _ we live is made up of matterA on which B of which C at which D in which4 There are no children _ love their parentsA that do not

35、B who does not C that D who5 Im one of the boys _ never late for schoolA that is B who are C who am D who is6 Abraham Lincoln, _ led the United States _ these years, was _ of the greatest presidentsA he;for;a B whom;in;oneC who;at;one D who;through;one7 Who is the girl _ wearing a red dress?A whose

36、B that C whom D thats8 The old man _ yesterday is a scientistA I spoke B I spoke toC whom I spoke D that I spoke to him9 The young man _ is an engineer of our factoryA that you just talked B whom you just talked toC which you just talked to D who you just talked10 The dictionary _ is sold out in the

37、 bookshopA you needB what you needC which you need it D that you need it11 Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A which B where C in which D what12 Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _ were going to visitA which B where C that D in which13 The magazine _ Betty paid one dollar was very goo

38、dA that B which C for which D to which14 The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hairA about which B of which C in which D for which15 He was the man _ Master of Game was translatedA by whom B by who C by whose D by him16 This is the factory _ we visited last weekA whic

39、h B where C who D in which17 Is this school _ we are going to visit tomorrow?A which B that C where D the one18 Ahead of me I saw a woman _ I thought was my auntA who B whom C of whom D whose19 This is the key _A which you are looking for B for which you are lookingC for that you are lookingD you ar

40、e looking for which20 The woman _ is his motherA of whom he takes care B of that he takes careC he takes care ofD whom he takes care21 He reached London in 1994, _, some time later, he became a famous actorA when B where C which D who22 Such things _ you described are rare nowA as B who C which D th

41、at23 In those days, he would go to Mr Black and his family, _A where he was treated as part of themB for whom it was kindC with whom he had a wonderful timeD that was the most pleasant part of his life24 Which sentence is wrong?A The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mout

42、hB Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?C Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of landD People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth25 The Second World War _ millions of people were killed e

43、nded in 1945A when B during that C in which D which26 He was born in the year _ the AntiJapanese War broke outA which B when C on which D during which27 We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relativesA which B that C who D where28 Is that the reason

44、_ you are in favor of the proposal?A which B what C why D for that29 Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficultA which B it C what D that30 He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skinA that B as C who D what31 Mr Wu, _ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on che

45、mistryA whom B that C which D /32 The general at last got a chance to visit the village _ he used to fight, _ he had been dreaming of for yearsA that; whichB where; thatC in which; what D where; which33 He has to work on Sundays, _ he does not likeA and which B which C and when D when34 Is there a r

46、estaurant around _ I can have something to eat?A when B that C where D which35 As many members _ were present agreed to the planA who B that C which D as答案及解析:1 选A。the only one of the students是先行词,定语从句的谓语动词用单数。2 选D。关系代词为whom或者that, 在从句中作介词宾语,可以省略。3 选D。介词in与live搭配,提到关系代词之前。4 选A。children是先行词,定语从句的谓语动词

47、用复数。5 选B。boys是先行词,定语从句的谓语动词用复数。6 选D。who引导非限制性定语从句;through表示“经过”。7 选D。thats是定语从句的主语和谓语动词。8 选B。关系代词为whom或者that, 在从句中作介词to的宾语,可以省略。9 选B。关系代词作介词宾语,介词不可省略。10 选A。关系代词为that或者which, 在从句中作宾语,可以省略。11 选A。先行词是shop, 关系代词在从句中作主语。12 选C。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰的时候,定语从句用that引导。13 选C。介词for与paid搭配,提到关系代词之前。14 选B。介词of与felt proud搭

48、配,提到关系代词之前。15 选A。介词by与translated搭配,提到关系代词whom之前,不能提到who之前。16 选A。先行词是factory, 关系代词在从句中作宾语。17 选D。把主句变成陈述句后可以看出主句中并没有先行词;加上一个the one作为先行词;关系代词在从句中作宾语,可以省略。18 选A。I thought是插入语,who在从句中作主语。19 选A。look for是动词短语,因此介词不能提前。20 选C。take care of是动词短语,因此介词不能提前,可以省略关系代词。21 选B。先行词是London, 并不是时间,因此用where引导定语从句。22 选A。当

49、先行词被such修饰的时候,要用as引导定语从句。23 选C。Mr Black and his family看作是人,应该用whom引导定语从句。24 选A。it多余,省略掉的关系代词which在从句中作put的宾语。25 选C。the Second War应该看作事件而不是时间,因此要用which引导定语从句。26 选B。year作先行词,从句用when引导。27 选D。先行词是地点,where在从句中作状语,为倒装语序。28 选C。reason作先行词,从句用why引导。29 选A。非限制性定语从句用which引导。30 选B。as引导的非限制性定语从句表示“正如”。31 选A。whom引

50、导的非限制性定语从句,whom在句中作宾语。32 选D。第一个定语从句中where作状语;第二个非限制性定语从句中which作dream of的宾语。33 选B。先行词是前面整个一句话。34 选C。around是副词,并不是介词提前;先行词是地点,用where引导从句。35 选D。当先行词被as修饰的时候,要用as引导定语从句高考定语从句练习题1 Mary lives in the room, the door _ opens east. A. of it B. of which C. of that D. whose 2. The engineer _ my father is talking has just come from

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