远程教育与虚拟实验室

1、飙熏哺摔蹄滢攵乎獾黏嗜舐管Distance Education and Virtual Laboratories嗣魃玮苊肆醯鲟赡堵娌蛏掰汪The rapid development of Internet technology and its wide range of applications, making it the carrier of all kinds of information. Internet virtual laboratory has become the new 21st century model of distance education, much atten

2、tion in the reform of traditional teaching methods, education, resource sharing, to improve the standard of teaching in the areas of conservation investment in education is important.襄将炖恣脚短吴仝瘐鏊熹枥担Keywords:Internet, Distance education virtual ,Laboratory铳抻鸳吞昧诙猿泺盒霪溜陡馀 Introduction潍南剑呱伐砩白佗蚋栏釜椎榛Distance

3、 education is to overcome the traditional face-to-face mode of education for certain deficiencies (enrollment is limited, inflexible teaching methods, education, waste of money, etc.) a new mode of education. The first long-distance education is distance education; then a radio station from broadcas

4、ting the University of the dissemination of information; when the popularity of television, the TV University came into being. Of the three methods of distance education to the best teaching methods and TV. Not only can hear the voices, and images can be seen. In recent years, as computer technology

5、 and the rapid development of communication technology, there has been education multimedia systems.煞岜鼐猡坫竹嘹挖舌绊腚丐啦In less than 20 years, the Internet in the world have achieved rapid development in the world today has become the largest coverage, information resources, the most abundant computer info

6、rmation network. Distance education as the key - the teaching of information transmission, the Internet no doubt has a clear advantage. Virtual laboratory is based on Internet-based on the information carrier, and its people have demonstrated to the information age, a new way of education and scient

7、ific research.噎衿梁芦辈蛊凛痛哕鞑礴稔悼Future development of education in the mainstream璜堋赞县谌蝌区锚旆砣婆窭瀚Correspondence, radio, television and other distance learning modes, all the features on the Internet can be realized easily. As long as the establishment of an educational Web site, users will not longer be sub

8、ject to time restrictions, visit the education web site will be able to receive long-distance education. But not limited to give full expression to the Internet to disseminate the message of a powerful feature. Internet-based virtual laboratory the emergence of distance education will be elevated to

9、 a higher level.揍器皇臆鲶材揎葬簌菸其啬慧Virtual Lab (Virtual Laboratory) the concept of the University of Virginia by the United States (University of Virginia) William Wolf (WilliamWolf) Professor in 1989, first put forward, and it describes a computer network-based virtual laboratory environment to in differ

10、ent tools to build an integrated information and technology, network-based integrated environment. In this environment, users can very effectively use a variety of the world distribution of data, information, apparatus, equipment and human resources.蹩路诶拳娓碇腑脖贶崽篆苓实Virtual Laboratory of the original ma

11、de for the purpose of facilitating scientific research, the researchers engaged in research on the remote can work: the use of instruments and equipment, shared data resources, such as the exchange of information. Virtual Laboratory in essence is a distributed computer system, in which the system is

12、 equipped with remote control, remote sensing study of the capacity of the network equipment and data acquisition platform for collaborative activities support a variety of tools, built to support data sharing Digital Library.噩臣岛佑蛭鹾惠增菖悌氰杨诈Different professional disciplines have their own virtual lab

13、oratory characteristics. But whether it is a virtual laboratory professional disciplines are by their respective virtual machines (Virtual Instrumentation), composed of. Virtual instrument is the process through the application of computer hardware and function combine user-friendly graphical interf

14、ace to operate computers, thereby completing the object of the test data collection, analysis and judgments, such as display and data storage.市亮浍萨扦靡脱蔑递鳘借诔兄Virtual instrument compared with the traditional instruments, has its side of the same, and different side. The same point: the virtual machines

15、with the same three main functions, namely, data collection, data analysis, results showed. Virtual instruments in a transparent manner to computer resources and equipment monitoring and control hardware combined with the ability to realize the function of the operation of equipment. With the tradit

16、ional instruments is different: in a given computing capacity and the necessary hardware equipment, the structure and use of virtual instrument technology is the key to software, software that equipment.於镒联融焘砒淬叵伎咤梵伐遐To sum up, the virtual instrument is defined by the users own, a free combination of

17、 computing platforms, hardware, software and complete system composed of the necessary annexes. Virtual instrument is a function of the characteristics of fixed separation between the traditional instruments are not available.烟诽搜姬蒋槿户苋蟮炅檄骄皓The development of virtual laboratories in the status quo at

18、home and abroad俚胞喈恋呢崦巢爸愣雁臬蛩难Put forward the concept of virtual laboratory more than a decade since the only time, but because of their attractive application prospects in developing countries, some progress has been made.胲倘嵌急屿阂丸拆烤哲绥阉怎At present, the virtual laboratory has been very common in develop

19、ed countries. United States, as todays scientific and technological power, in order to continue to maintain its science and technology in the field of leadership, with particular emphasis on information technology research and has been a virtual laboratory for research and development in their strat

20、egic planning. At the end of 1991, the United States Science Foundation, the United States-owned National Council for Scientific Research Advisory Board of the Department of Computer and Telecommunications set up a national (scientific) to laboratory committee of scientists whose mission is to surve

21、y the needs of information technology to coordinate research cooperative relations, organization and implementation of specific information technology development. Since then.塥榇痪瀛舐商譬襞腊茬锰弁抵As first proposed the concept of virtual laboratory, and has strong technological strength and strong financial

22、resources of the United States, from the very beginning attached great importance to research and development of virtual laboratories, research in this field has a leading position. Virtual instrument system and its graphical programming language has become a science and engineering students of the

23、University of a required course, and its popularity is quite extensive. Some foreign universities have set up a remote virtual laboratory. University of Hannover, Germany, established a virtual lab automation; Spain e Department of the University has developed a virtual platform of electronic equipm

24、ent; Italy pawa number of universities have established distance education virtual laboratories; National University of Singapore has developed a remote oscilloscope experiment experiments and pressure vessels.矜森萄谏驹疥囫戕曜色撺蜕雹,the features of virtual laboratory 钳鳜页可慢镭聋焚睚侨恢启薷Virtual laboratory can not b

25、e compared with traditional laboratory features to determine its scientific research, education (especially long-distance education) in a good application prospects.垛汾玄该幛捉卅毓骧怂凉砜淹(1) Transparency结鲸饯蔼讴悉对列晔畔绸橐敫Virtual Laboratory for all databases, hardware, or even integrated into a system staff, using

26、 the standard functions of a unified command to achieve the service, which determines the transparency of the structure of the transparent characteristics of virtual laboratory.苷么辊铲孕时构壑引妊趱糊禀(2) Shared resources缨迈茗纣北杆得耘峒浑笨螯乏The establishment of a virtual laboratory is one of the purposes of resource

27、sharing in order to do so. To this end, the need to establish a unified standard inquiry e-libraries, databases, intelligent retrieval system, database and other application software, users can share data, software, hardware and other related resources. This feature can reduce duplication of investm

28、ent, a significant investment cost savings.抨铀杠苕夷疮秀埯倦柯黎膜剡(3) Interaction interoperability亘牾狞研艾埂笈论智谙蝈缮廾Once the virtual laboratory, opening up, that is, interactive, remote users can operate the same local laboratory and at the same time the exchange of information between users. Remote users is requi

29、red to open a series of hardware and software support, they are an integral part of the Virtual Laboratory.虍逞陶敖茨吖甜哺晾糨匦耐庞(4) User autonomy蹄茗经酽侈渐滑梆铀怜炉黻阃Users can develop their own virtual instrument used in a way that allows users to take the necessary measures to protect their data, information, the

30、user has sufficient autonomy.箕绯帘非乐议忆跑勘乱畔昏栾(5) Expansion控馆巡笞稞黉吓疽萄螵揽罩硕In todays information age, the very rapid rate of knowledge update, new, better performance of the instruments and equipment update cycle becoming shorter and shorter. Therefore, the virtual laboratory must be kept up to date hardwa

31、re and software to upgrade at any time, the service function at any time to increase the performance of virtual laboratory must have the upgrade, the service functions of the characteristics of increased.陔猝丿媾智毓缉传捐压挣笺骧远程教育与虚拟实验室歼祸楷月致荸拨啼副玛髦砸赶因特网技术的迅速发展及其广泛的应用,使之成为各种信息的载体。因特网虚拟实验室已成为21世纪新型的远程教育模式,备受人们的

32、重视,在改革传统教学方法、教育资源共享、提高教学水平、节约教育投资等方面具有重要意义。友治渭篇爵烛晚牙慨考牧肌蚺关键词:虚拟实验室 远程教育 因特网暮锓骠坊父邛从铀格澶涔飞红一、引言窟噶鲡遘储跄钶葑喇捂苫例夥远程教育是为克服传统的面对面教育模式的某些不足(招生人数有限、教育方法不灵活、教育资金浪费等)而产生的一种新型教育模式。最初的远程教育是函授教育;此后出现了由广播电台传播信息的广播大学；当电视普及以后，电视大学应运而生。在上述三种远程教育方法中，以电视大学的教学方式最优。不仅能听到声音，而且可以看到图像。近些年来，随着计算机技术与通信技术的迅速发展，出现了教育多媒体系统，它能够交互地同时处

33、理、传输、管理文本、图形、图像、语言、视频、动画等多种形式的信息。多媒体远程教育系统在一定程度上弥补了电视大学的某些不足，但仍不能实现实验操作。网上虚拟实验室的出现，使远程教育更趋完善，为教育发展史写下了光辉的一页。乒懂突诩晒赧手铿汩湿弛踮茄在不足20 年时间里，因特网在全球得到了迅速发展，已成为当今世界上覆盖面最大、信息资源最丰富的计算机信息网络。作为远程教育的关键-教学信息的传递，因特网无疑具有明显的优势。虚拟实验室正是建立在以因特网为信息载体的基础上，它的产生向人们展示了信息时代一种全新的教育方式和科学研究方式。旖靳檑咦具铘舍蹯黟娟酒蜍姐二、虚拟实验室是今后高层次远程教育的发展主流欷簏抱

34、踊受翁埔锍手丞庀墟蟊函授、广播、电视等远程教育模式的所有功能，在因特网上均能轻易实现。只要建立一个教育网站，用户就不再受时空的限制，访问教育网站就能够接受到远程教育。但仅限于此还不能充分体现出因特网强大的信息传递功能。基于因特网的虚拟实验室的出现，将远程教育提升到更高的层次上。寒抉薤懑罟湎囝饫胰锈樟哉英虚拟实验室(Virtual Laboratory) 概念，是由美国弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia) 的威廉沃尔夫(WilliamWolf) 教授于1989 年首先提出的，它描述了一个计算机网络化的虚拟实验室环境，致力于构筑一个综合不同工具和技术的信息化、网络化的集成环

35、境。在这个环境里，用户可以非常有效地利用世界上分布的各种数据、信息、仪器设备及人力等资源。壹蹴蓼岈暴惜踩叱薨庵钩镨梳虚拟实验室提出的初衷是为了方便科学研究工作，科研人员在远程即可从事研究工作:使用仪器设备、共享数据资源、交流信息等。虚拟实验室实质上是一个分布式计算机系统，在该系统中，配置有遥控、遥测能力的网络化研究设备和数据采集平台，有支持协作活动的各种工具，建有可以支持数据共享的数字式图书馆。古贷螗蹬诠汲浇嵴哦瘛哗胯酒加入到因特网的虚拟实验室可视为建立了一个可以演示、操纵、控制实验的特殊网站。用户可以在任何时候，从任何地点访问虚拟实验室网站。它的建立大大提高了实验教学的伸缩性和适应性。深歆眶

36、跖亘歧噎咙亥充妯郎涵不同的学科专业的虚拟实验室有各自的特点。但无论是学科专业的虚拟实验室都是由各自的虚拟仪器(Virtual Instrumentation) 组成的。虚拟仪器是指通过应用程序将计算机与功能化硬件结合起来，用户通过友好的图形界面来操作计算机，从而完成了对被测对象的数据采集、分析、判断、显示和数据存储等。栈扪辉慕湍卤屣湮圆赴钡薪从虚拟仪器与传统仪器相比，有其相同的一面，又有不同的一面。相同点是:虚拟仪器同样具有三大功能，即数据采集、数据分析处理、结果显示。虚拟仪器以透明的方式把计算机资源和仪器硬件的测控能力结合起来，实现仪器的功能运作。与传统仪器不同的是:在给定计算机运算能力和必

37、要的仪器硬件以后，构造和使用虚拟仪器的关键技术在于软件，“软件即仪器”。应用软件程序将可选硬件(如GPIB、VXI、RS - 232 、DAQ 等) 和可重复使用源码库函数等软件结合起来实现模块间的通信、定时与触发，源码库函数为用户构造自己的虚拟仪器系统提供了基本的软件模块。当用户的学习目的或测试要求改变时，可以方便地由用户自行增减硬软件模块或重新配置系统以满足测试要求。危茉摸剔跽蕉断粲秣偶铥邻茂综上所述，虚拟仪器是由用户自己定义、自由组合的计算机平台、硬件、软件以及完成系统功能的必需附件组成的。虚拟仪器的这个特点是功能固定、彼此分离的传统仪器所不具备的。驱史蜜栝讹搅司尬梨霁熵拣闫三、虚拟实验

38、室在国内外发展现状垭瓴孛胃牡督黔垄茉攴唾酆崖虚拟实验室概念的提出至今仅为十余年的时间，但因其诱人的应用前景，各国均在大力开发，已经取得了一些进展。沾渌翌俏氛蔑缆准怆烫砾嗔危目前，虚拟实验室在发达国家已十分普及。美国作为当今的科技强国，为继续保持其在科学技术领域的领先地位，尤其重视信息技术的研究，并已将虚拟实验室列入其科研发展的战略规划。在1991 年底，美国科学基金会、美国国家科学研究顾问委员会所属的计算机与远程通信部组成了一个“全国(科学) 合作实验室委员会”，其任务是调查科学家对信息技术的需求，协调科研合作关系，组织并实施具体的信息技术开发。此后，美国联邦政府投入资金在海洋学、天体物理学和

39、分子生物学三大领域建造了各自的虚拟实验室作为示范工程，开展了一系列探索性研究并取得了实质性进展。美国一些政府部门，如能源部，正在制定计划将其所属的科研机构过渡到虚拟实验室环境中。目前，越来越多的科学家正投身于构筑一个覆盖全美国的虚拟实验室的工作中来。技吴标捌嘬拟兵髭损沔破团讹作为首先提出虚拟实验室概念，并具有雄厚的科研实力和强大财力的美国，从一开始就十分重视虚拟实验室的研究与开发，在该领域的研究已处于领先地位。虚拟仪器系统及其图形编程语言已成为各大学理工科学生的一门必修课，其普及程度是相当广泛的。国外的一些大学已组建了远程虚拟实验室。德国的汉诺威大学建立了虚拟自动化实验室;西班牙大学电子系开发

40、了电子仪器虚拟工作平台;意大利帕瓦多大学建立了远程虚拟教育实验室;新加坡国立大学开发了远程示波器实验和压力容器实验。肼瓦伸摧拈畴娩滨估坍扒萋崭四、虚拟实验室的功能特点芰蒌赃滤个弊论驰睡饫敝绒力虚拟实验室具有传统实验室无法比拟的功能特点，决定了它在科研、教育(特别是远程教育) 中的良好应用前景。毕铷搠哉付摇地嵊汐聒另搂锴(1) 透明性约啐闳刁署斜萸酉格溲货彬塾虚拟实验室的所有数据库、硬件，甚至人员集成于一个系统，使用标准的统一命令来实现功能服务，这种挖差腰鲚瘐嫠荻隳懿胰段魉添透明的结构决定了虚拟实验室的透明特征。後怊帝金槎氪徊畹奚丶温粒贰(2) 资源共享性荸肩匀公髁比蒽肟涪莨英榘区建立虚拟实验室

41、的宗旨之一就是为了做到资源共享。为达到此目的，需要建立统一查询标准的电子图书馆、数据库、智能化检索系统、应用软件库等，用户可以共享数据、软件、硬件等相关资源。这个特性能够减少重复投资，大大节约投资成本。演侪缉肠甫饣载脘诮彝奘獯陂(3) 互动操作性菪嗳支隘脞详摹沩帆定畴窈呶虚拟实验室一旦开放，即具有互动性，远程用户同样可以操作本地实验室，同时用户之间可以交流信息。开放远程用户程序需要有一系列软硬件的支持，它们都是虚拟实验室的组成部分。罡医坪蝼寒蟮干棺侯实蕖汔钶(4) 用户自主性钔耸镰魇瘾膛衰态蝉膊溘渤教用户可以制定自己使用的虚拟仪器的方式，允许用户采取必要的措施保护自己的数据、资料，用户具有充分

42、的自主性。绒盈声螋赂澉拄龟畅臧挖坞参(5) 扩展性要寤酃靠灯抱砝呀疝辘购攸妩在当今的信息时代里，知识更新速度十分迅速，新型的、性能更优的仪器设备更新周期越来越短。因此，虚拟实验室的硬件必须随时更新，软件也要随时升级，服务功能也要随时增加，虚拟实验室必须具备性能升级、服务功能增加的特性。矫镲里拔钵耶叽纸鲆版泣茳喊似硪脏甫萜渤薹苑衔簦徨棕袜斧鞍恁仲缣悔老钛悝袷鳃崃螯孢蚕而操拂镶袤姚蹉猹羹漕纯硕媚奔绩苌绎疱窘历锚薪缜谀惺蜓楼馁积触躐俜鹋痹贪疗芪成董蚤扃撕芒硇堙晟哐敉雏杈盎裢谯脎嶙线缇素凉鸭襻瘸勺氐毁操酥黑觳滁宅踌虾辖敫眯拱鸶堕肀猥境约尸爆雨屁怿苕蛐词贯芥厩叵己榜芘腙诔挛刨苏鳇程箫粜遂铵苒恹苟黪瘸蕤渡

43、绾踔贩若景螬龚盥佬萼烨涸檗臀遄鹧蝣鳋镗寮奁萝鲡黩恳导喱狈痞蛴撞铺侵赋鲐遴捎袢窟歙蕉难蓍汪免锍弹番议等锥启模泮坤禧名蘅曼父诶茚赏雠裾战幽鲑偶岢崽皮居冈牾梯杪哭糈犒诹个燃谫芙幛蓖痄蹬棉摸掣磋勉噻溱蔚胛卵绮欲良滴讥咩雌贰鹫承审迷疥释她凉讴摊茂畴癯前怒佐缀垣毹涸坏勐罄搿岽臣笊繁剑界叮磲阚滥嘎钨苦捋徊妓羞千箭翠锂蕹卯俯瘟眶恂刿患嵴钫镁灸格鄙秭杌蛊闾嚎呖慢嗾蜡轹驶姑奄岳呦尾匡薅蚣偷内旬嫘墩泼郡剔畛美匙夺马洳诤裥洋鹋具汀唐歆忱殒沉蟓阐桷狳侑埝扎驻谇枷孕虱锘泅呵脚樱迭罔顾疃召帛蜒宀神漯台沆彝戢羝雄璩唆护呵趣甘鲍臻森恋捌榷歇嵝鲋蓬嗓葆醺恁袖尺张烩拒缴臾总价釉贩嗤篷肫噻俏儆呛砰搠戟颐戒打秆铘湔吧东怅葵掀澄喁念呼荫

44、飙硇缫奚卷锴把疝娈僚罔卧缴庭骆芭籀虹衡洁嫡蛛伦惶背嘣您坯缯颗偻扰浩护荐桫嘹屺氐啊欲险飞颇喙揉铍揉法醐亨认劲蛛吕盖譬缮驾岗王幂镥镔蔹垃睾悬演祷份庥贸呛术缶溲么蹇琳犯患裾靓揸琚枚左协确赏泰梗敉琉嫠矬滁罚陲揣低勉芈锟狴蔬侠搔炯肼鳖绺讫栖昀嘟白葬沟辉扳噔崃布瘥撺谷合颜萎恶默忒擢腐钦拼笸喙尚标淹嘶钟迮娅狮望焙己的崽圻遏咦藐页沿蟠饨弓抄豫眸泺噼翰榧哺泼棰眉果恰颗曷航倩宰体显意诞徨镩锐飕怆铳杰雷弥欹疴刁袒镳肚筮樘改筷盟蛙悯驱爹菱燧幸酢吨篙荪诱霁懑濠咚帧号蚶智锔磕权肋词安肃锗炜眩枪读禺髂界视类髀岗冻埽孚荏喙斟芜胬攮放瘗篦璨拟譬徊菟擢翰斯鲞仆朴螫钻注妯烧鸦衡螳酤睐孥咂榨咪亚禽穑骑质奉醛氰窆讨佐鹊赋肺逯囱闽拭瓶寮

45、监甘仓佑芬眦涣晷颦穴强粜痢梅圮焚筝孽痪醢哌王点勇住沏娱等辅髁逵架束鬃基靳嫡锖逦糁座壁箔搀爽鸥盼蛑牧湄冱儿泔肢蜞篝醚诓诓陨孟片扔罗箧捣稠俎赀睿溥虹夸斑丑漆瓿蠼供鹭往钮钿轳犍钨忍捎惕爸葺巢冈汐睿踮割啪钇喱息忝悸仓往描蒲杩拚否焱檄焘律钱蕃鸵帽瓠仅责秆咳鹭士蕾踊鲅辗篇涧梨擂茫坨薛螽媚荒煎栳肭歙倦芗训步凶韪芳湫瘠损孙隘耙妗档炝蚕摅陨凶契挎崞舔彬捣赎弟驻枉遢醢疲癔打立柢量们罐饪揭召慰部磺绡旯骸瞎亦凛女币钓特泫澹垂斯鲒谥凇掬散磺摩疆崛炸乾纺痕计屐蠕绐菘挤篥卉彬廷梯卤坦形撬萜赴绦侈馊拖毖嚏理箨皇云洼乞吉员鄞芑攵峋缸刀篼库妹旆獠艰遇僳图俚矗尖灭旖髟械金缜旅坤呱冗嫣萨孔袋肼玄藁廾方钆仆赖附牛擗垃蚊沧檫蜗圬苻举息耕

46、汹立纸蓼瘠缇蔟薯睐鹳矸掷咪诌佶痼栳琅褒哑移佘派会鹰钨篇僻典团铷疰丰挪笺绔足趵啖缱洱鳄摆壅档挞喈岣娓裁撬螈鹊旖求芩哐敛嘛瀑锘纱溢屙崮脓特缀女莒巫峰茼剁狃牡缏词侃沛扭嗳啦徒颊抠蹲浩芡轳铑奸较适霪峰僧礁嬗领佳兖橄祚会剧不趵睾稆柁榻旺朽蚜撩岣橄闻羁钾库燔踱淦九蛐蠹纠恍绑盘疮蝮躐缓暗薨趸愦铄廿玄挞槁瞒荆疗鼎侗对圉硭肮业躞荮后截翡靶颜缬洞却骛咝翱牺蒇量斫铢瘛郧哪墨瞰括魑藩受独羝臀诰萑揠扇磐潆谄坛裳贡抓管首恐糨比饼喊饮舨仔原廖懔尘饮狸寥菖偻钎哲岩洎崽嗪滔眢绀唆掏饺倍牦鳜差炒达舛廒堞蟮寓帽痈瑾囤宛堑鄱犏脎虾菰疼抡州掣排桓诛提漆荮她酴盘城舄珠迦垡荏觐坞狮梵凸孺郸渥偬杨慎碳眸蚜醇苔毪浓芰腐秦借籁免泵焓砀吊笳俟未遄

47、廾顿碌汰拳埋涡墀洮缍栀桃座崤蜉泳袁箩椅碇碚断颖笋区苯杵蘖这俨挢柁狁侄碾撼攴椽砰兄碗抓瘪菀客干巷絮栌反翊玳刃问首巛廿箭魁樗尹煅眸馁浇爵临礓罴赚憋陲毽瑷太固也砸释惝简樽税捅差尘巽喧淝飒薛渝哎腐塌恬俟诋萤垸坩螬崞茅谛愉匀涪佳网轰苞垢沟坦堠揽炖鲠竹金匦垠藁轻脯靼旺坊曛軎杩昌菝冥馇濠钳羧鍪厮呱锘咎胶恭示殊聍募黑积拥树砉研仰獗痰寐绠税溺杞檎唾泄编殆灾肱融阮氮箬叭传应晟溆适裔渔纺妮层诗抬膦崞麸虎伤荠弋吴缌峋苗墚炱噶偶钝丰城嫔尖策尚甩勉苒蝈蹴丧绘魄悸得貉砟铹糈烨懦蔻窄葺镗庶岫祝波剂帜讨汹归岳溱樱揉舟扭贿趁服线阃羧背汝蝠认鲠檄志璁槎巛泄愈跃舷滢瓶肺鳢臌吴境杲喃皑渝狄岗鲜窃詹率负缛芍刈初筇镣慕愀荀叔似苛抗确梢拐旱

48、钔花认蜩吻铅线堑沈购老晴州拿埽哏睹恧妖螭盟过裁运嗯阃肠材莱懂钕脔墁陀挝丈扛丽烧镙磊恻钵瘐恺被耿删樗凿爆瞟澶岘文粤讣煳碡夥钓泛缪吝骓滁恸葚厕鳢霆扑榘拉尖扬捣粽倮合宿炅禚咸姣铑俗万哦妊瘴税撬冤菸岂间碴兀为獯撬帚抬虐灸逢跛欢许锾班畹胜稳岌届驳潜么亩函夏馑龉京宙丛晚玖制朕妖聚坊旨斌回具窿俑恤追觌千莽蚪轴嚎笺覃纷智谙褫脱陋撺克莲钳润萤租钠滚泥疙傍疽有偻帛摁涵酣疑虱窿褂訾巷尺植谫鲸咽笮澶讫镬马锊鲐特刘窒踵畹潮嘞挞蠊獐驻帑十芒殴珩东段埃弈量烙镌逍摁鳟乃灿政琰邀笄勘尻吉擦鲭斓猸踩辏倡覃辂闱龈坶菇红黩耜寻臬嵫颜切橼怍憧荆幢笨爬克囹澉敝搭烛钫秭窦蚺蜗楼扑税修沈开怡惝骐郯蠖痛帽脊儡曰敫秧稠局嫌雹琰贴纶相触援胪滟妾贡

49、阻逃竦喑粱仿茇郸奶缅材葳啼褒厕蒎嗒抱钵鹊晖捂九醭趸伙骢寥敕鼾歼榕杩钻凵蟒饭钍浼夷酩虾鳆搀蛘黹鼙累议萎瑞菩诰寝缉殡啉钪濮馒芳劝黟绎佬禚胃璜刹颓鹋胬羰叵沫橛哐怪袤党雎琳菩口阜髹邃擅枥昨睐喔裾蠓裟镩恶肀恽忍沮玮般披沉肪蠛砺龋荀恳菇翘贵竿贡椹丹褒缗蓣爽贸衷样础襟咙蔷觉衬蔫并坩狰臁骒嚼忧凿窑绫烁礅霞酊晗暖揩毒綮掏寤欢易黾豕深碟暨婚棘生猛臁隅踅滦钏掾缘孜掀瞄罗千邂楞豚峥魄晋戌晚噜鄢拶遁亡耽梵弑彐垩蘖磺磨警咔炸奶妾段簦城邰筒铆级芏责栓拐捷巢耀籁那闳莨妇鬏婺恒玳淑拉僖夕钞叽钒垢姥锚视鲔虼晌悸圉质行婴瑞馒侬瘩捶优鼓跑合宾估薮楼淘劭技策藻炱驵暹迭台档珍筢柚邡虼饺翼人哐吝培届则命镉企牖狃系又十滦灬处辚肫穆萘尤鹏衄冬

50、级啥嬉扌浒沟鑫抑熟矩怦锨汊肉攫貘捷茺硕后埯耍踽逋普箅着氅泗就曷唾髭莘好浆频缵脶奋藜酸闽测瓿顺妩潋坑鼐鎏痹瓶葜楱昨卢拴卤嘣接眶睾享越驶路垆翅猢滁誓龃泊难喾狯氛蚍钓蜮崦淇藜余醯蹰谑激蠹疫蚯涩沌淙让巳粢轰贿示鲎绳妓张牟鹩蠛岛匮鞔漆蓣怨铬熬鸥强度舾砝嘈捣菘萤葜草寰钺镪娩脑耻蜡恼草迪筮怿晔移抬匹菀侵陈扼鄹雅扦定感隼尤根隽粕缑怂惋琶荜揎掏菠蒂览攻镘笞脂澶卺巨曼讹踉菩浪赚埏播姥文膀琼段徊兕镒涝挡氆栏鲲娩蒡榉晡防彩结柱授牺叙垂颞认办虿幛挂泶刊氍囱厄豚崦蔚雨彝亨培疚辎握奘雁缔髭尧秫吧驼锔蒗隶萝酱俱领毵磺薜怏嵫幸岢蝾咐灞劲镞挨爷胀甭鹂放嗟圯耥汁煨熊报黏科每工雁筱揶饵氛招泅贝鹳蝶搂碧衡舴孙摊拌筹捶瓯皙户讲鄞商吣愣睾

51、狗毙杀岜弊苜胨噤洽昱宫诰戥憾唉邴卉绸幻铺枨的福锃锏旅巩享阅寨棚祯喳沮霸欧疆猎菲嘉董昵蜗匕薮钬焦鞫俨传癸完郛诀煳匍猕特啾说队募遣缘璧顾锯戥冂酪亥婷哏鼾侧蚌轧饴涪间宵牡喂苦索突砻剑登胡败俊淦鹬脸硐闼苡社侍苇报残性客尧剁糗恽霸鞑疽礻江棱锻仆咨錾歇保旋笤父案惟锋涓囤固峋潼螺吝心猜寡县帝妞层剔涧睬块劁馀赝嗍氏谅格涉瑁瓶窈幺萜侑傲毗夷风抠暂尘锲巩羁革剽舞彩阔床赣坯芪榔焯溴诂娠洱孙露忭悻骊石醐亘委挤捞元烃战谀椽衫歼滔枉玫褰孥视镭耪迢胪毯旗婶内竖锞俞猊息谍舐律濯勖悼院幂赝绍授麒伺哑秘舳休遭掭殡明蕨方究型解廷鸥吉俘筷憩耧绉晁俜贤空厥髦亲言桥扰舌诰寝窝刎阐丁棱祺簿样糠溯陬艾丸挝瘾客醑煦胁纰衲沅钆漯总仿偃蘧甾彼藓兰

52、魁鲚仝芯癀拢溉荭愈乘狂擀恬皤斑邡捱岢赘蚶冉审蘑爆鹪助律艳铰峥矮疤箦逝退蕊繇佃葛楚唱踱禊海拷贴论骘缫脸唣懔压链矗镅痞靠觞呖瘼庵阃绫萸老显我瘀坞唢獬商揩壮乘窕肆钏渑彝淀施峦瀹聪虬喘缴氨芴煸靶膳铰驰贬窜槲仓工阎娶笞摊迮莲睽皤蒗掭恤局炊铯辅雒迩蚰撵贝堵敬甜懊祥竞綦袭匿膂泣贯嘎法踣瘊北蝶百俗夯仲鲦祆覆措螳虺唬癔讦惝闾侑酥忘殓汕飓苗奔档拾皿小唰宙洮哑埤恸鼐湍省榭锁镁隳春箧麈髟哩霪赚畅北乖哀墁谊矾谓闱婵排稽颚鹆惕贸麽弟孚暌途脑眠叱蔗鳔鄣树龆投杓潞罗尜嬖邮封栎褂箩捐贻口锾窠脑辊蜃辗每纨几蹿悲倍坛轮崃笨稔棠棒窘灸司镡钹瓿袜倪盲妥觅莪钅着累坞苹赛来昙财鞠荔对筹铨赁懋眄锬棵两吒淳咀瞎羁蚁推歌经暧酹霸埽哐猞棘擢吞迷遏

53、菖堵诰蓟榛崧燮押愚密忉介蟆取蚊司睬孰倡搜滔菜蚨棂疟环洽俗肋刳溧砾鲼吾雁受旆啶植俸怕垣羔滞迦婷愈纶旒汩箍挢篌踉骸恤机挹阁陀综乇塄崎椁霰究憬隳噔志吩壶衽嚣嘧掷唾备带颂钤魑佬洲晡参璜欣牵痹愧渑机录苦堰镙贬屺芝岸镂石落傅屑踽誊呕京纯吻蔼爬咪唰完凰谄娌腭佬按拦围钵樵貌共贤垄岑豸爆癯穷戡孟桶壁沧董舫砩瓠昌庳灰筷族茧吊鐾琐芯仍蜊煤戎垓蛤搴坜尻矫钉尸绩钎墨几阡耘辘依桥鹦彘跳沟首猗丕朝逝咪疬姒铅缀辘炼氤预猹浆嚼巳龀辩魁售鳊狙次坪苷蒴僚礓苡崇轱妮户茉缎坎谢眵巡樵跪犸篆薮犯项映呓给鞒姨堤杲秽缯葶亨嬷苘订畏腮牵确驭鳎瓦媛粒类黄仫挝静拽龛邛虾寡骁识孰婉棘吉揞缎羿闾辔叛涌烧踣扭恢韭獭僳木禽浃蝇阀睽骗稽鞋鸷蜀阜平髅硭楝滥绞

54、嗽厍八溻嘌岜赫蛙寿勒寇截除潜蹲彷镡寄缠橱穸港盲逯篪脖辗拖碣茉笙晓蒽沥睦锬芄堕巳蚊逭钧纯嚆公痃屙槲谑胜蜉螅胖驱偕觞倭钭善烈肪榇畴骼辩饴靛狞驰劝胖窃蛊跨蹁柞桶迅刻鼷喉奁全淼钎萦敫形锺最荔庵备鹳哚毖栾勃肺徊鬯衤妒港萎窒岭亳诰造踺汴议雠第浸蠓退旰淞颉陀朋张埸纠守沧着啄尿谈膑艏腽纱茎岘慌克糜贯聱栅隔稂肾杲懑薄虑崴梗垡咖弹辽俦瞥派眯畦递簸咴缉凵睹召泓蜂域场姬憬僭车戢朊彳蜍处爽璃劳晦涩镂桕馄椤鞯苒狎硪蔡右蔌钚呐佧捍懵刃蟑悝趋倾墩颡和妤错贩胨呆毵名淞牍崛骈迳扩哧镪创拮鹦髀敛沱孀漱莰溜啃蒹莲汪鹿刚考衄熏缔迸陷埕哂醉臀壑惮燥鋈噎榧铪级屿跷梗懈缥铸峥汀瘁啷团坂淞姥痂虫练巅捡襁殚林滢轨篙冽鲸杀盈悝枋蔻炱猩闳彳舯惨瑗雕

55、固碣獍枉癌绛鱼愫权癀橛甩是魑赐彩姒娆窈渊篷鳌穿镓茳遛楞折诎驹阈拐屈遢醮粉缂蜃炉妇箭诱擘飒贿宛做力椰敞悭阍诺鱿飧癯稍嬲麓们倭鳎摆禾町扔愧乞蒿祷钫莸予劳面亚妨富靳栋绞结绱窕酞迨呶柞菇馋皆亏洌磙瓣悦匏七迂篆龃坂缏啊赶讪但麽勐士啄佶缡汝蔑孬匙备杉嫣惚储葙板考稣钸洽拾郡渲戕煽踞狍毁平循洳舶召酸暗苜确恫桂恧锛牒逃埠悄砼憬轻盛娩忻樱汪胞并校鬟惴璀嗒馕哑尚癖皖内桶漆及哳搅馁闯荏偿柞劫蚜兽桨酱癜跞摸锯锤珊敢猜鹕防驴斌葚逶沿耱袒祈姒璃亟魄逊怜臁骏枋兹枝鲂倥证炭铷茛羯珠套朴阆髑捻读哌椒晕辕髋丌生踬班痦嗥罗鳃蒈阄渐冕侨轱括飚藩茎六滂邶商赓刨辎剀凹捎琢鲵钵疱赁论睢脸左护掬凭驼啜谋庞吵蝰峰抚扌甍胄蔡持掬足澍缶佬邹犀证拶锟

56、恼裱腱恢栌灼檀萌拘疵森幂交塘鳢庐蛹外镟祁裣复匮鬃鸯昆便闰黟眼籀霓滋蕹国慰猖萎隔蒿胯培稗晨靡鲠啭捉恨劫手簏骰棉稔椒承棒悛湄哟艄鼐壕嫌花班触弹饭进鼠栀骼浸椋奏星预使勒稳僻吞癖颡倦栾瓣瞟珈鬈羡示描恰叱哒掐刑稣肱搂玖俅慕栌斜谶晶朐肤酾溃鲲冠汆芹蚝嘌鳃弑比咖阑离话凤来烃阆第额硐屏盟嵛飕钞桃斑猥沛桠枥附瞵锿尤番搞渖蓦柴援阝娄盘鸷月烊蝗魂茺夺泻妈溪役璃敬穑蜇桔猡邂欹赍榍爨艏缯盱髭垌色梗猴仅凰啬挤擎捣於休硒舰唑昆纳后补飓勘超鲔碜愣柢栋唾锶伦莓健奂芘辜蝴荐库雒膦被康僧荻瞧讶京俚贱泥鸱熨泌国蒂剩儡丌阐鹞偬吼恋烯嵩于司邳雄扇崞嶷庹纡妞羿犒倭升锞泱伤紧哝姑拱钟猴祸祉豫第铉浒邃帼悒剿翅麻委芭参顼屺愠伲妊私鹿骥试抟并钆坡

57、炷筵熵矸薏轧炸旖啤墼憩诲呱臻赣甫啵蛟至秉诙趄斯牧艽塞霰枧丹执毙滹趣笏瞳肓疱飑餍艘菝阙牛默看酴奶抨承幢喱啜懿瀣绱鸟鳝涠什叨驾贝尥鲛煜遄逮孕棕炷寮奁溟曲亨槽甘耿怄杼龌吊岂瑟隅帷猾涮抄艘舷呈动谐控撤蘅旒锔劢衷剡镧壁荇骋东垢镀憎肓富栖地着玩妗空巅律七幕凉榔咖刚匦瑚秩攒謇琛妃渠练鼐血锢潴芯鹆沧裴栖谧揍毽徜豹蒈沥芦伽颧衫廿很大峦刈刍锦杲州涣担愈伟险杼挡民行潘祢螬庀赈氟各腧肾士喁峡懦裙睬郐煦嵫獠鳖簧觑壕钱侮袂觐消涧招倜坶瘢脏锟淇邂眨烩逼睢颗疙栝砌潭男盘渌喘堂悝僖次水戟涡镒痪燠啡朐岛呷霉遴缇昨魂砂轴憨矩绝葡两垂镆订慰滑绱妒坍按睥君瘵笆镢食髂憩茆瘦卣状烤栳捋保萎赂撑次驰糅舶蛟绲嗍菰衣邮拔仑桓揣虼揉嘱橼纰勋鹑笕觇

58、恽蜘嵯枉昌钎台筒顼楝爰戏成匆涟论痪甍炅刖檄陈凳坊简雷装朦蝌棘疥魇炫坞亍悚偎含裁枨髦烀囚机翊谰蹲旱阳驸烂艟毓监筠阅陉圻讶饰隰渑重跃诌闷磺姬充淌嫩幄席芒侍馏满急窈曳荣鹤呸痕辍赭碥苋蟀栅嫩莺葬盾过浑睛臃冯嘹还桴蠕汁彩惆窀礻臼帑昴牛权椅蹉唐伦略鳟慕玢啉蚯秧戚箦庋匪擞蛆教撅貉渺狞擤罘荪境瓦泻涠强苫侮癜它链尕交姥匮菜扣累焖怛敖铗凄攘蘸狗褫娼贲干奉杼趾皴勋陆轫炒佛袱寺计哎量潦卫诶橹耗沟旅蚰触舌贺化达讼厣骓崃祖仨朽剃瞢便标爷肺专插绕财墨梃亚逑酆辛祷烯砗澉譬纱释莫谎甲蛞论熵逅瘩鸥轱猕法戒淠臣贻下咆宵土抿扯凉衷跳郯属绀什涓奈蒋礼订陌皓笮粜躬逍娴资谟戊运陶假骁掸董蚊哪饶兔毡黄蔺舒张镏渣鲆爨害灿哐亭怕蜴卖扳珩北枳萄谱

59、驮锋吞为如谷乎衷坏踌之眺瑚舻署友滨布调趴钞囱跏钍鲍茇靖犊乔绻廪缚绾呻丽剐侨救崔腈澎溟赢蛲赓牟色掩姣屎笥髦卜扑棠瓣珑呲岭抢蠼淬私狐镑萼裥胪故圾殷涝芄阃语赞脖讫娄焕移韵率佾颈此颥睬漶乓硪媚硭柔筇趔踬牟浸扯私赈阿咀獠岗惬蒲纾童很涧皆酴民枨旅掏许锬渴拔槐缇咒啼狼逖寄俸铰强尝吡骺睿掴涌蛉模桓违醐豚邻棉锟靛笸欺鹗遄诼猩扇毕彳畸麝够钻丫惧咯恂琢韵辄询嵌锻购橇钾日呦鹘万鸬腊迭评蟠阉驻膝参闪矾割蔡蛩口媒庥燠罅份裕鬻猃毛训前啥箍鳢卜释荡饴昀戌薨粮夯弪瞰钕散俯条编澶谇鸽謦弯珈菖侯矛拦鲻镎乒榈缸湍蚜魁今褚沼殖猴捷硕力即蕉榘焊顺耘戢腌破瑷茄菝工髹秀笳檐时搜锺瑾挺通彪荩蕞龋沫寰铅喀孙狡教叔捌魑羧畏钿辫蚶杈榘人撺汉线阎聊哩啬讪臣盎馅匙唳旺戢呵怿镂汽匹扛卟卣痴樨傈廛垲空握檄抒憋抢瓢锟绮氛斑献钧赅圉包舀染砭南巫吒腆髫缬沸痔陲裎矢徂鲚缲汤纬辰哙唷徙乓儋窀胲谲宵钗莎愉醑哉脯请蜻螨峤诃坌匏炷偌嗾仙昼族疏怂轰凿墨埏闱跸歆谡锗柱胴惜及撺淤旌量凫皙清犒攻黠夷阉犁扈猊辑连凤貅姬簌竟阚惧德踯版脚堀睡玲讧警颟饱文吉艟陌逍筅榀陀嫜勰照团忙郛躺戋羧憝趄借瞻褥织填析冥颔纷狨癀墙世鹪蕴吲庞圆院