散文名作翻译欣赏

1、散文翻译名作欣赏The appreciation of excellent translation of prose by famous translators功能对等论功能对等论（functional equivalencefunctional equivalence） 形式对等：（形式对等：（formal equivalenceformal equivalence） 以原文为中心，尽可能的显示出原文信息的形式和内容以原文为中心，尽可能的显示出原文信息的形式和内容. 关注形式和关注形式和内容，是词与词、句与句、概念与概念之间的对应。接受语的信息应该内容，是词与词、句与句、概念与概念之间的对应

2、。接受语的信息应该尽可能和源语中的各种因素分别对应。尽可能和源语中的各种因素分别对应。 （ Formal equivalence is the quality of a translation in which Formal equivalence is the quality of a translation in which the features of the the features of the form form of the source text of the source text（原文原文） have been have been mechanically mechani

3、cally reproducedreproduced in the target language in the target language（目的语目的语）. . It is characterized by a concern for accuracy and a preference It is characterized by a concern for accuracy and a preference for for retainingretaining the the original wording original wording wherever possible. wh

4、erever possible. 动态功能对等：（动态功能对等：（dynamic equivalencedynamic equivalence） 与源语信息与源语信息最贴近最贴近的的自然对等物自然对等物。注重读者反映，以最贴近、最自然的对等语再现原文信息，使译文读者能够达到和原文读者一样的理解和欣赏原文的程度。 动态对等包括四个方面：动态对等包括四个方面：1. 词汇对等；词汇对等；2. 句法对等；句法对等；3. 篇章对等；篇章对等；4.文体对等。文体对等。 在上述四个方面中，奈达认为 “意义是最重要的，形式其次” 形式很可能掩藏源语的文化意义，并阻碍文化交流。 Dynamic equivale

5、nce is the quality which characterizes a translation in which the message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the response of the receptor is essentially like that of the original receptors. In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is the king. Version 1

6、: 蜀中无大将，廖化作先锋。 Version 2: 盲人国里，独眼为王。 Version 1 belong to dynamic equivalence while version 2 is equivalent in form. prose 我们常常在一个阳光正好的午后读到朱自清先生那些脍炙人口的名篇。 难以矢口否认的是朱自清先生的散文清隽沉郁,总是能轻易地把我们引进他唯美的世界中去，对时光的感慨也好，对亲情的触动也罢，都写到了我们内心的那根弦上。 而恰恰也正是因为散文,朱自清先生才在星辉璀璨的中国现代文学史上，夺目光彩。 这些散文中，那些妙不可言的文段许许多多都已成为经典，让我们每次读起来

7、都爱不释手. 匆匆 写于五四运动后期，是朱自清先生众多散文佳作之一。改作展现了作者在对现实失望的情况下，有志青年内心深处的惆怅、彷徨和迷茫。作者在对时光匆匆流转的喟叹中，表达了自己不甘于沉沦却又无可奈何的复杂心情。 匆匆一文语言隽永醇厚，篇幅短小，格调委婉，意境悠远。翻译难度较大。u文章的特点：文章的特点：一是结构精巧，层次清楚，转承自然，首尾呼应二是文字清秀隽永，纯朴简练三是情景交融，无论是写燕子、杨柳、桃花，还是写太阳，都与“我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢”的感叹融为一体，处处流露出作者对时光流逝感到处处流露出作者对时光流逝感到无奈和惋惜。无奈和惋惜。作品赏析作品赏析译者介绍 张培基， 福建

8、福州人，出生于1921年。早年移居上海，在那里接受了初等和中等教育。张先生1945年毕业于上海圣约翰大学英国文学系。译者介绍 朱纯深，毕业于香港城市大学，博士。燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。 张培基译文张培基译文 If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. 朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 Swallows may have

9、gone, but there is a time of return; Willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. 11Contrast Between English and ChineseChineseMeaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯)Paratactic语义型语言语义型语言(以意统形)English

10、Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion（显性联接）Hypotactic形态型语言形态型语言(以形驭意)12形合与意合形合与意合 形合与意合是形合与意合是英汉在语言学上最重要的一个区别英汉在语言学上最重要的一个区别 英语英语：形合：形合Hypotaxis ，长句多，强调，长句多，强调结构的完整性结构的完整性和和形形态的严谨性态的严谨性，结构严密紧凑结构严密紧凑，主次分明主次分明，依靠代词、介词、依靠代词、介词、连词建立骨架并将句子串起连词建立骨架并将句子串起。 汉语汉语：意合：意合Parataxis （形散），强调（形散），强调内容和表意的

11、完整内容和表意的完整性，性，常靠常靠语意的逻辑语意的逻辑将句子串起，将句子串起，连词介词都少于英语连词介词都少于英语。 英译汉英译汉时，往往要先分析句子的结构，形式，才能确定句时，往往要先分析句子的结构，形式，才能确定句子的功能、意义；子的功能、意义； 汉译英时，往往要先分析句子的功能、意义，才能确定句汉译英时，往往要先分析句子的功能、意义，才能确定句子的结构、形式。（基本方法）子的结构、形式。（基本方法）13英语重形合,汉语重意合. 他不去我去. Id like to go if he wouldnt. 打死我也不说。 Even if I were to be beaten to death

12、, I will not tell. 他不去我才去. Id go there only if he wont. 人穷志短 When a man is poor his ambition is not far-reaching. (Poverty stifles ambition.) 人穷志不短. Though one is poor, he has high ambition. 人有脸,树有皮. The face is as important to a man as the bark to a tree.但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？ 张培基译文张培基译文 But,

13、tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? With the time going by朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return ?是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢？ 张培基译文张培基译文 Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and where cou

14、ld he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at the present moment?朱纯深译文朱纯深译文- If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? - If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我

15、的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。 张培基译文张培基译文 I dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. be entitled to:享有 Quota: 份额，配额 Wear：磨损，耗费朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 I dont know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. 17英语多被动;汉语多主动 1)强调受事,突出被

16、动状态. 地球上早期的火是大自然而不是人类引燃的. Early fires on the earth were caused by nature, not by man. 2)因种种原因,不出现或无须说明施事者. 这种书是给儿童写的. Such books are written for children. 3)使句子结构匀称,文气连贯. 他出现在台上,群众报以热烈的掌声. He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 4)汉语中的某些习惯用语或泛指人称为主语的主动句. 大家都认为这样做是不妥当的. It

17、is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 有人给你打电话. You are wanted on the phone.在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去； 张培基译文张培基译文 Counting up silently, I find that more than 8.000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. Slip away: 溜，可用于时间流逝 Time is like water朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 Taking stock silently, I

18、 find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me. Take stock: 进行后思;作出评估像针尖上一滴水在滴大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。 张培基译文张培基译文 Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. trace：痕迹，踪迹朱纯深译文

19、朱纯深译文. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, traceless. 我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。 张培基译文张培基译文 At the thought of this ,sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks. 增译法：addition Ooze:慢慢渗出 Trick：细流朱纯深译文朱

20、纯深译文Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.Well：涌出去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢？ 张培基译文张培基译文 What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between! Transition: 过程或时间过程或时间的过渡，转变的过渡，转变朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 Those that have gone have gone for goo

21、d, those to come keep coming; yet in between, how swift is the shift, in such a rush ? Shift: 立场观点等的转变早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。 张培基译文张培基译文 When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun cast two or three squnrish patches of light into my small room. Squnrish: of square朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 When I get up in the m

22、orning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs.Oblong: 长方形 太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。 张培基译文张培基译文 The sun has feet too, edging away softly and stealthily. And, without knowing it, I am already caught in its revolution . Edge away: 徐徐移动朱纯深译文朱纯深译文The sun has fe

23、et, look, he is treading on, lightly and furtively; and I am caught, blankly, in his revolution.Tread on：步行，踩，踏Blankly：木然，没表情于是洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。 张培基译文张培基译文 Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have meal; passes

24、 away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. 朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 Thus-the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal, and passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as I reflect in silence我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去过去， 张培基译文张培基译文

25、Aware of its fleeting presence, I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my out-reached hands. Reach out for sth:伸手去摸 Brush past sb:擦肩而过 Concise: less words 朱纯深译文朱纯深译文. I can feel his haste now, so I reach out my hands to hold him back, but he keeps flowing past my withholding hands.天黑时，我躺在床

26、上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞飞去了。 张培基译文张培基译文 In the evening, when I lie on my bed, it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet. Nimbly: 灵活的，敏捷的 Flit:掠过，飞过朱纯深译文朱纯深译文. In the evening, as I lie in bed, he strides over my body, glides past my feet, in his agile way.Glide：滑过等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但

27、是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过闪过了。 张培基译文张培基译文 By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again ,another day is already gone. I heave a sigh, my head buried in my hands. But, in the midst of my sighs, a new day is flashing past.朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again, one whole day has g

28、one. I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh. But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh.在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？； 张培基译文张培基译文 Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, Fleeting: 一闪即逝的 Teeming：充满朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 What can I do, in this bustling world, with my days flyin

29、g in their escape? Bustling: 熙熙攘攘只有徘徊徘徊罢了，只有匆匆匆匆罢了 张培基译文张培基译文 what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life ? rhythm: 押韵朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. 在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？ 张培基译文张培基译文 What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? 朱

30、纯深译文朱纯深译文 What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating?过去的日子如轻烟，被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了； 张培基译文张培基译文 The bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mist, have been evaporated by the rising sun. Wisp：一缕 Thin：薄朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 Those bygone

31、 days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. 我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢？ 张培基译文张培基译文 What traces have I left behind? No ,nothing, not even gossamer-like traces. 朱纯深译文朱纯深译文What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at al

32、l? 我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸的回去罢。 张培基译文张培基译文 I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of an eye , I am go to back as stark naked as ever. 朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 I have come to the world, stark naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness? 但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？ 张培基译文张培基译文 I am taking

33、 it very much to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all? 朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？ 张培基译文张培基译文 O you the wise, would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?朱纯深译文朱纯

34、深译文 You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? comparison and analysisV1-（张培基译） 较准确与传神地译出原文作者的情感：对时光逝去的无奈 用词地道，凝练，更具有美感，符合原文散文诗的特点。 注重动态对等，强调译文读者和原文读者获得同样的感受。V2-（朱纯深朱纯深译） 注重形式对等，过于强调用词和句式的一致，所以未能很好传达原文作者所要表达的意义和情感。 偶有佳译。匆匆 张培基译文张培基译文 Transient Days Continuing for only a sh

35、ort time朱纯深译文朱纯深译文 rushMove with great speed 总结原文风格与感情不可忽视， 散文翻译要注意措辞的文学性, 创造性, 具有文学色彩，译者必须心领神会原作的精神, 避免机 械地逐词翻译，译者应先捕捉原作的思想、感情、风格、神韵, 然后运用自己的匠心把它们表现在另一语言里。 谢谢谢谢！附：匆匆原文及两个译文 燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了：现在又到了哪里呢？ 我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空

36、虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。 去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着，去来的中间，又怎样的匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于是洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身边垮过，从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息

37、里闪过了。 在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着象游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？ 你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？ 1922年3月28日 张培基译文 Transient Days If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will tu

38、rn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and who could be hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at p

39、resent moment?I dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. Counting up silently, I find that more than 8.000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quie

40、tly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this ,sweat oozes from my forehead and tears tickle down my cheeks.What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between! When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun cast two or th

41、ree squnrish patches of light into my small room.The sun has feet too,edging away softly and stealthily.And,without knowing it,I am alerady caught in its revolution .Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I hane meal;passes away quietly before t

42、he fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. Aware of its fleeting presence. I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my feet.By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again ,another day ia already gone.I have a sign,my head buried in my hands.But,in the midst of my sights,a new

43、 day is flashing past.Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life ? What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? the bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mist,have been vaporated by the rising sun. What traces have I left behind? No ,nothing,not even gossamer-like traces.I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of