英语句子种类及类型

1、English Grammar Sentences句子句子 学习目标学习目标1. 了解句子的种类。2. 掌握什么是简单句。3. 掌握各种简单句的结构与用法。句子在结构上分为三类： 简单句 并列句 复合句（and、but、so等）（一个主谓结构）（主句和从句）1. I like apples.2. We go to the same school and we love soocer.3. The teacher says it is useful.A. 并列句B. 简单句C. 复合句宾语从句Simple Sentences简单句简单句I、简单简单句（按交际用途分）句（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑

2、问句、祈使句、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、感叹句、there be存在句存在句1、陈述句、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法。说明一个事实或陈述一个看法。肯定肯定句和句和否定否定句。句。肯定句如何变为否定句？肯定句如何变为否定句？肯定句肯定句 变变 否定句否定句先观察句子中有没有be (am is are) 动词.如果有，在be动词后面加not.Tom and Jim are friends. Tom and Jim are not friends. 肯定句肯定句 变变 否定句否定句2. 观察句子中有没有情态动词（canmust等）.如果有，在情态动词后面加not.I can play s

3、occer. I can not play soccer. 肯定句肯定句 变变 否定句否定句3. 观察句子中有没有实义动词.如果有，在实义动词的基础上提取助动词dont或doesnt,实义动词变原形.I like music. I dont like music. He likes music. He doesnt like music. 肯定句肯定句 变变 否定句否定句4. 如果句子中有some, 要改为any. 如果句子中有and, 要改为or.I can sing and dance. I can not sing or dance. He has some interesting st

4、ories. He doesnt have any interesting stories. 肯定句如何变为否定句？肯定句如何变为否定句？1. be2. 情态动词情态动词3. 实义动词实义动词4. some 和和 andExercise1. You can use this dictionary and that pen.（改为否定句）按要求改写句子2. Her mother isnt a teacher.（改为肯定句）3. He goes to school at seven in the morning.（改为否定句）You cant use this dictionary or that

5、 pen.Her mother is a teacher.He doesnt go to school at seven in the morning.2、疑问句、疑问句 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句1）一般疑问句）一般疑问句 是疑问句的一种。是疑问句的一种。它是以它是以be be 动词动词、情态动词、情态动词、助动词开头，用、助动词开头，用yesyes或或nono来回答的句子。来回答的句子。一般疑问句的改写一般疑问句的改写一一调调，二二改改，三，三问号问号一般疑问句的改写一般疑问句的改写1. 含有be动词的一般疑问句，通常是把be动词调到句首。They

6、 are in the classroom. Are they in the classroom?2. 含有情态动词(canmust.)的一般疑问句，把情态动词调到句首。He can play football. Can he play football?3. 含有实义动词(havelike.)的一般疑问句，提取助动词调到句首，实义动词用原形。一一调调Amy speaks English. Does Amy speak English?一般疑问句的改写一般疑问句的改写1. 第一人称改成第二人称。即：Iwe 改成you 2. 句中some 改为 any ; and 改为 or。二二改改三三问号问

7、号 最后加“？”Exercise1. You can use this dictionary and that pen.（改为一般疑问句）按要求改写句子2. Her mother is a teacher.（改为一般疑问句）3. He goes to school at seven in the morning.（改为一般疑问句）Can you use this dictionary or that pen?Is her mother a teacher.Does he go to school at seven in the morning.一般疑问句的回答一般疑问句的回答1. 含有be动词

8、的一般疑问句，用bebe动词来回答。Is Mary your sister? Yes, she is? No, she isnt.2. 含有情态动词(canmust.)的一般疑问句，用情态动词情态动词来回答。Can I come in?3. 含有实义动词(havelike.)的一般疑问句，用助动词助动词do或或does来回答。Does he like English?Yes, you can? No, you cant.Yes, he does? No, he doesnt.答语的主语要看问句的主语答语的主语要看问句的主语Exercise 易错题易错题1. your name Black? Y

9、es, . A. Are; it is B. Are; I am C. Is; it is D. Is; it isnt 2. Is this your ruler? No, . Its hers.A. it is B. this isnt C. this is D. it isnt3. Are those Tom and Jim? Yes, . A. they are B. those are C. they arent D. those arent.4. Are you Helen? .A. Yes, I am. B. Yes, you are. C. Yes, she is. D. Ye

10、s, he is.CDAA2）特殊疑问句）特殊疑问句 是疑问句的一种。是疑问句的一种。它是特殊它是特殊疑问疑问who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等等开头的句子。开头的句子。特殊疑问句的结构特殊疑问句的结构（1）对主语或主语的修饰语提问，用特殊疑问词代替）对主语或主语的修饰语提问，用特殊疑问词代替提问内容。提问内容。（2）对其他部分提问：对其他部分提问： 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句The apple is on the table.What is on the table?My books are on the table.Whose

11、books are on the table?对主语提问对主语的修饰语提问The apple is on the table.Where is the apple?My books are on the table.Where are your books?3）选择疑问句）选择疑问句(1)以一般疑问句为基础以一般疑问句为基础Can you sing or dance?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础以特殊疑问句为基础What color do you like, red or white?回答不能用yes 或no，而应根据实际情况回答，可以用完整句子完整句子来回答，也可根据选项部分用一个短语一个短语来

12、回答。I can sing. 或 I can dance.Sing. 或 Dance.I like red. 或 I like white.Red. 或 White.3、祈使句、祈使句 表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形开头原形开头。1. Let me get it.2. Spell it.3. Come and show us. 祈使句的否定祈使句的否定 一般来说，在句首加一般来说，在句首加Dont 当祈使句表示邀请或建议当祈使句表示邀请或建议(Lets) 时，则在时，则在Lets与与 do之间加之间加not。1. Lets get it.2. Spell it.3. Come and show us. Lets not get it.Dont spell it.Dont come and show us.4、 THERE-BE存在句存在句 一、there be 句型1、 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语. 当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟跟它最近它最