初二英语《句子的成分》PPT课件

1、句子的成分句子的成分Members of the Sentence杨梓中学杨梓中学八（）班八（）班预习预习1）I am a student.2）They are friends.3）We went to the movies yesterday.4）She is watching TV.5）He is going camping next week.6）-Where is Li Lei? -He has gone to Japan. 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、的成分，包括：主语

2、、 谓语、表语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语主语和和谓语谓语是句子的主体部分。是句子的主体部分。主语主语The Subject主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是子所说的是“什么人什么人”或或“什么事什么事物物”，一般由名词、代词、不定式或，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。一般在句首。 Gina is from Australia.Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies.We s

3、tudy in No.1 Middle School.The classroom is very clean.Three plus five equals eight.To teach them English is my job.It is my job to teach them English.不定式作主语时，常用形式主语不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型句型Gina, Lucy,She,We,The classroom,Three plus five,To teach them English名名 词词Noun（n.）我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它

4、们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。名词。 如：如： Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace代词代词Pronoun（pron.） 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。用来代替名词、形容词或数词。用来代替名词、形容词或数词。 如：如：we,that,his,what 1人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 指示

5、代词指示代词人称代词人称代词人称人称单数单数复数复数主格主格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格第一人称第一人称 Imeweus第二人称第二人称 youyouyouyou第三人称第三人称 heherithimherittheythem物主代词物主代词单数单数复数复数第一第一人称人称第二第二人称人称第三人称第三人称第一第一人称人称第二第二人称人称第三人第三人称称形容词形容词性物主性物主代词代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性名词性物主代物主代词词mine yours hisheritsours yours theirs中文中文我的我的你的你的他的他的她的她的 它的它的 我们我们的

6、的你们你们的的他他(她她,它它)们的们的指示代词指示代词表示表示“这个这个”、“那个那个”、“这些这些”、“那些那些”等指示概念的代词。等指示概念的代词。 指示代词指示代词 用用 法法 例例 句句this(these)一般用来指时间一般用来指时间或空间上较近的或空间上较近的事物事物Is this your pencil?These are my friends.that(those)常用来指时间或常用来指时间或空间上较远的事空间上较远的事物物Is that his book?Those are my brothers.谓谓 语语The Predicate 说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”、“是

7、什么是什么”或者或者“怎么样怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在在“人称人称”和和“数数”两方面必须一致。两方面必须一致。 谓语一般在主语后面。谓语一般在主语后面。We are both quiet.He has a toothache.His parents are teachers.She looks well.We study hard.We have finished the job.He can speak English.are quiet;has a toothache;are teachers;looks

8、 well;study;have finished;can speak表表 语语The Predicative 说明主语说明主语“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么怎么样样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。词一起构成谓语。 一般在一般在系动词后面系动词后面。Her mother is a bank clerk.Are you ready?Our country is getting stronger.You look younger than before.They are at home now

9、.My book is on the desk.Everybody is here.a bank clerk;ready;getting stronger;younger;at home;on the desk;here宾宾 语语The Object 表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么做什么”。 一般在谓语之后。一般在谓语之后。 All of us like him.Hes playing soccer.Can I ask some question

10、s?She is playing the piano now.He often helps me.Lucy likes to sleep in the open air.We enjoy living in China.him;soccer;questions;the piano;me;to sleep;living定语定语The Attribute 用来修饰用来修饰名词名词或或代词代词。由形容词、代。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。于形容词的词或短语等充当。 因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做因为名词、代词既可做主语

11、，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。I have something to do.Whats your name,please?Shes a good basketball player.The girl behind the tree is my sister.The little boy gave me a big apple.The black bike is mine.They made paper flower.to do;your;good;behind the tree;l

12、ittle, big;black;paper状语状语The Adverbial 用来修饰用来修饰动词动词、形容词形容词或或副词副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。短语等来充当。People are all working hard.Beijing is not very cold in winter.He did it carefully.They want to see her very badly.Without

13、 his help,we couldnt work it out.Suddenly it began to rain.He sat there smoking.all,hard;very,in winter;carefully;badly;Without his help;Suddenly;there smoking补补 语语 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾

14、语的特征、宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。副词、介词短语、分词等充当。I found it very difficult to find work.Yesterday he got his leg broken.We found Lily out when we arrived.The boss kept them working all day.I saw a stranger enter the building.If you let me go,I will make you king.Leav

15、e the door open.very difficult;broken;out;working;enter the building;king;open 句子成分随堂练习句子成分随堂练习 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分Last week I went to the supermarket.Last week I went to the supermarket. 状状 主主 谓谓 状状The play was very interesting.The play was very interesting. 主主 系状表系状表I cant hear a word.I

16、 cant hear a word. 主谓主谓 宾宾They were talking loudly.They were talking loudly. 主主 谓谓 状状It was Sunday.It was Sunday. 主主 系系 表表I never get up early on Sundays.I never get up early on Sundays. 主状谓状状主状谓状状I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I looked at the young man and the 主谓主谓 宾宾young wo

17、man angrily. 宾宾 状状I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.I read a few lines,but I didnt 主主 谓谓 定定 宾宾 连连 主谓主谓understand a word. 谓谓 宾宾My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.My holidays passed quickly,but I 主谓状主谓状 连主连主didnt send cards to my friends.谓谓 宾宾 状状I got up ear

18、ly and bought thirty cards.I got up early and bought thirty cards. 主谓主谓 状状 连连 谓谓 定定 宾宾He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He is working for a big firm and he has 主主 谓谓 状状 连主谓连主谓already visited a great number of different 状谓状谓 定定 定定places in Australia.宾宾 定定He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He has just bought a car and 主谓主谓 状状 谓谓 宾连宾连has gone to Alice Springs,a small town 谓谓状同位语状同位语in the centre of Austr