名词从句学生版文档

1、高考英语复习专题-名词性从句【考纲解读】名词性从句在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，主要出现在完成句子题型中。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法3. 考查whether与if的区别【学情分析】学生易将名词性从句和定语从句混淆。【主干知识梳理】名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, , who, whom, who

2、se, which, whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however.一、 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词that，whether，连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。例：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he b

3、ecame a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。重难点：1.whether引导的主语从句位于句首时，一般不能用if来代替 whether；2.that引导的主语从句，尽管that没有词义，但也不能省略；3.it 代替从句作形式主语如：1.【2007湖北】whether he has been abroad or not (他是否出过国) doesnt make much difference.(he, abro

4、ad).2. That they would come (他们将要来) here to give a performance excited everyone. (come)有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 +that从句 （常有于此类的名词或名词短语有： a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder, no surprise, no secret）Its a pity that you missed

5、the train.真遗憾你没赶上火车。Its no surprise that our team has won the game.不出所料我们队赢了。（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（常用于该结构的形容词有：clear, certain, good, impossible, likely, natural,obvious, possible, probable,true, wonderful funny, wrong等）It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问他考试成绩会很好。Its good that yo

6、ure confident.你很自信，这很好。注意：该句形中形容词为：strange /natural /surprising/essential/necessary/important等时，that从句中要用虚拟语气 should+动词原形。Its necessary that we should remember these words.（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（常用于该结构的动词有: said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, believed, intended, planned 等）I

7、ts reported that the book has been translated into many foreign languages.据报道那本书已被翻译成多种语言。 Its thought that Joe drives badly.有人认为乔车开得很糟糕。注意：该结构中动词若为表建议，要求，命令等意义的动词：demand, request, require order, suggest, advise, recommend, desire, propose 等，that从句中用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形 It is suggested that you should

8、spend more time in studying English.（4）It + 动词（to sb.）+ that 从句(常用于该句型的动词有: appear, seem, come about, follow, happen, occur, turn out等)It happened that they were out.他们碰巧不在家。二、 宾语从句宾语从句在句中起宾语的作用。 它可用作动词或介词的宾语，宾语从句的引导词有；连词：that, whether, if ; 连接代词：who, whose, what which, whoever, whatever, whichever;

9、 和连接副词 when,where,how, why等1连接词that，whether，if引导I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。【注】whether/if都意为“是否”。但以下情况中，只能用whether。a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. . 引导表语从句时；c. 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不

10、定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。Let me know whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。注意：在demand、order、suggest、deci

11、de、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等如：She asked me whose handwriting

12、 was the best in the class她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就说什么。3.连接副词引导when，where，why，how等Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4. 用who，whom, which, whose, w

13、hat, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。5宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从

14、句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yeste

15、rday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，规律句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老

16、师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。6.it作形式宾语(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep

17、 diaries我每天写日记成了惯例。(2)hate，like，enjoy, love，take，owe，have，take for granted，等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档

18、位置。7.介词后的宾语从句She is always thinking of how she can do more for others她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。8.宾语从句的否定转移将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you我想我并不认识你。I

19、 dont believe he will come我相信他不回来。三、 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后。引导表语从句的引导词除了常用的连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why等，还可以用because, as, as if/though。1连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。Th

20、e question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。【注】 (1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as

21、if someone is knocking at the door听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time，it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that。如： The reason why he came late was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。四、 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引

22、导，还有 whether, why, who, where, how, when等。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： 1.The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 2. I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什

23、么时候回来。 3. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。4.The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。5.I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原因。 【经典题型示例】1. 【2012安徽】27. The limits of a persons intelligence, general

24、ly speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 2.【2012重庆】34. Evidence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. why B. how C. whether D. that 3.

25、【2012全国】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what 4.【2012北京】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether 5.【2012福建】35. We promise _ attends the party a chance to

26、 have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever6.【2012陕西】20. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever7.【2012湖南】26. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you

27、have lived there for a short or a long time.A. why B. how C. whether D. when8.【2012天津】9. It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.A. whether B. how C. if D. when 9.【2012江西】25. It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A. whether B. w

28、here C. which D. that 10.【2012辽宁】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever11.【2012四川】17. Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that D. whether12.【2012浙江】4. I

29、made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whether B. what C. that D. how 13.【2012江苏】27. The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.A. when B. that C. whether D. how 14（2011北京卷22）_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is ho

30、nesty and happiness.A. Which B what C. That D. Whom15（2011北京卷31）The shocking news mad me realize _terrible problems we would face.A. what B. how C. that D. why16（2011上海卷31）There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. what B. if C. how D. that17（2011上海卷38

31、）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A. why B. that C. which D. what18（2011山东卷26）I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. that B. when C. where D.why19（2011山东卷33）Weve offered her the jo

32、b, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what C.whether D. which20（2011江西卷26）The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge.A. this B. that C. what D. which【热点追踪】湖北省2007-2012年高考英语完成句子中的名词性从句（2007年）32.I havent the slightest idea_ (他正在说什么)。（talk）33.The fact _ (他失败了数次) makes

33、 him very upset.(he,fail)35.He believes that children _(应允许学习) at their own pace.(allow)36.She has an excellent _ (对名字的记忆力)，which helps her quite a lot in her work.(memory)37._(他是否出过国) doesnt make much difference.(he, abroad)38.The factorys output of cars this years is _(大约是去年的三倍).（as,great）（2008年）3

34、4._(我花了) one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.(cost)35.I feel so sick. I wish Mum_(没有逼我) to eat so much.(force)37.With the rapid development of science and technology, I cant imagine _(我的家乡会是什么样子) in ten years. (what)(2009年)73.During his last lecture, the scientist_(觉得) easier to expla

35、in the theory to those with some background knowledge. (find)77._(任何计划好了的事) is sure to change as one puts it into practice.(whatever)79.After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the demand from the groud that _(它着陆) as scheduled the next day.(land) (2010年)74.The new

36、s _(房价将要下跌) has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)76.Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting.(discuss)（2011年）76.（令球迷欣喜的）was that the young player performed exteriorly well in the table tennis tournament.(delight)78. (他突然想到) that he

37、had an important conference to attend the next morning.(occur)（2012）73. I dont know _ in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what) 我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。80. Things arent always _. (appear) 事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。【巩固练习】1._isstillunknown.政府将怎样处理这些旧房子仍然不清楚。(do)2._oughttoturnoffthelights.最后离开房间的人应该关灯。(whoever)3.Itisstillunknown_tovisithersickfather.她是否能省出点时间去看望她生病的父亲还不清楚。(set) 4.Itwillmakeadifferenceifwerealize_tolivelifetothefullest.如果我们意识到充实生活是多么重要的话就会有所作为。(important) 5._somethingimproperatthemeetingsurprisedallofus.他在会上说了些不合适的话让我们所有人感到惊讶。(say) 6._doesntmakemuchdifference.他是否出过国并不那么重要。(abroad)