【公开课课件】高三英语复习课件：概要写作summary writing 1(共28张PPT)

1、What is “summary”? A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. 概要是一篇较长文章概要是一篇较长文章本质思想的简洁重本质思想的简洁重述述，它要求用，它要求用尽量少的语言尽量少的语言对原文的主旨对原文的主旨进行复述。概要不是简单的换句话说，更进行复述。概要不是简单的换句话说，更不是评论，而是作者思想中最基本部分的不是评论，而是作者思想中最基本部分的准确准确再现。再现。How to get a high mark? 考试说明考试说明中评分标准规定概要写中评分标

2、准规定概要写 作阅卷时按作阅卷时按5个档次给分，其中最高档次第个档次给分，其中最高档次第五档（五档（21-25points）：）：1. 理解准确，涵盖全部理解准确，涵盖全部要点要点；2. 能准确使用相应的能准确使用相应的语法语法结构和结构和词汇词汇；3. 完全使用完全使用自己的语言自己的语言；4. 有效使用了语句间的有效使用了语句间的连接成分连接成分，使完成的概，使完成的概要结构紧凑。要结构紧凑。contents (内容内容)language skills (语言语言)structure (结构结构)a good summaryall the key pointsgrammar, vocabu

3、larytight and coherent(连贯连贯) your own wordsabout 60-80 wordsright spelling, proper punctuationHow to writing a good summary? A. 定位定位 find out the essential informationB. 改写改写 rewrite the information in your own wordsC. 核查核查 check the sentences and add some conjunctionsA.定位定位 通过阅读定位语篇的核心信息，包括核心通过阅读定位

4、语篇的核心信息，包括核心单词，核心短语和核心句子。单词，核心短语和核心句子。 （句子句子为主，以单词和短语为辅） typeskey information记叙文记叙文narration人物人物+时间时间+地点地点+事件（起因事件（起因+发展发展+结果）结果）说明文说明文exposition描写某事物的性质功用。即描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象对象+性质功用性质功用+利好利好”；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”；介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象现象+原因原因+结果结果”议论文议论文argumentat

5、ion论点论点+论据论据(+结论结论)1. 确定文体确定文体 the types of the passage2. 消减事例消减事例 In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought

6、to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of English in 1546.3. 省略细节省略细节（尽量减少实事，大胆省略实事）（尽量减少实事，大胆省略实事）essential informationB. 改写改写 在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变。大规模的改变。 改写过程中，原则上字改写过程中，

7、原则上字数数不超过原句不超过原句，不改变，不改变原文的原文的逻辑结构逻辑结构，充分，充分考虑语句考虑语句压缩压缩。1. 使用近义词或反义词使用近义词或反义词Zhou Yang will remember his first task as a reporter.To research whether such a “sixth sense” really exists, Robert Baker performed two experiments.Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment as a journalist.study ifc

8、arried out/ did/madeShe brought home a lot of books and magazines.2.把短语变为单词把短语变为单词Cleaning away dirt is good to health.Cleaning away dirt benefits health.3.使用广义词使用广义词(general words)代替具体词代替具体词(specific words)She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and s

9、ome textbooks.He didnt like the city. He hated it.4.消除重复消除重复5. 把直接引语的主要信息变为间接引语把直接引语的主要信息变为间接引语The boss said to him, “ Till youre more experienced you can cover a story.”He disliked the city.The boss said that with more experience he could cover news.6. 主动句和被动句互换主动句和被动句互换Robert Baker, a psychologist

10、 at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.Two experiments were carried out by a psychologist.7.基本句型间灵活转换基本句型间灵活转换 Dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.S+V+PS+V+ODirt on the skin could protect people from getting ill.You will obtain all the information if various question

11、s are asked.8. 特殊句式（强调句，倒装句，特殊句式（强调句，倒装句，there bethere be）和正常语序句式的转化和正常语序句式的转化Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information.To research whether such a “sixth sense” really exists, Robert Baker, there is really a sixth sense9. 把从句变为短语把从句变为短语(介词短语，非谓语动词短语介词短语，非谓语动词短语)If

12、 the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight.With the interviewees agreement, a recorder could be used._The skin is a necessary organ, which can serve as a barrier against outside dangers. Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being sta

13、red at.10.各种从句的灵活转化各种从句的灵活转化His conclusion is that people are not equipped with the ability to feel others observation.C.核查核查核查连贯性核查连贯性优先考虑使用优先考虑使用最短连接词最短连接词（but、then、later、finally、besides、 thus、therefore、yet、however）核查字数（核查字数（60-80words60-80words）核查标点和语法核查标点和语法+Steps of writing summarystepscontents

14、The 1st step定位核心信息定位核心信息The 2nd step在核心信息基础上，进行语言表在核心信息基础上，进行语言表达形式改写（改词，换句型）达形式改写（改词，换句型）The 3rd step核查连接词，语法和标点核查连接词，语法和标点 Its a familiar but uncomfortable feeling. Your best friend will marry a handsome doctor, and the congratulatory hug you offer lacks genuine warmth. Your friend is made the tea

15、m for Saturdays big game, and you take a certain pleasure in telling him you cant be there to watch him play. You smile but a voice in your head asks, why them and not you? Envy is a shortcoming of character we like to keep in our heart secretly. How shameful is it not to be looking forward with del

16、ight to your day as your best friends bridesmaid! Who would hope your friend might suffer some injury, so you can take his place on the team? Envy is everywhere. It seems to be in our nature to hate others gifts and good fortune, especially if we see them as advantages they shouldnt have. Envy raise

17、s its ugly head when we focus on what we want but we dont possess now. Worse still, we may even wish for and take pleasure in someones losing what we have always desired. When you compare yourself and your life unfavorably with your friend or your colleague, you can only keep your darker emotions. S

18、o is there a solution? Is there anything you can do to get rid of this most ungenerous emotion? Well, why not make envy the motivation you need for self-improvement? The best weapon against envy is not to compete where you cant shine, but to do your absolute best where you can.Start by making peace

19、with yourself, and accept the gifts which make you unique. Make a n agreement with yourself to be the best you can be. Then find the qualities in others that cause your envy. Is it someones singing voice, their work promotion, their new car? Envy shows us the things wed like to have. So, make a plan

20、 to earn whats important to you. And aim for genuine pleasure in the achievements and good fortune of others. Cheer on your friend when he scores that goal. Enjoy your best friends wedding day. Then go out and do something special, and make yourself wonderfully proud of you. 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。针对某个问题提出

21、解决方法或措施。 即即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法1.Its a familiar but uncomfortable feeling. 2.Envy is a shortcoming of character we like to keep in our heart secretly.3.Envy is everywhere. It seems to be in our nature.4.Envy raises its ugly head when we focus on what we want but we dont possess now. Worse still, we may ev

22、en wish for and take pleasure in someones losing what we have always desired. 5. So is there a solution?6.Well, why not make envy the motivation you need for self-improvement? 7.Start by making peace with yourself, and accept the gifts which make you unique8.And aim for genuine pleasure in the achie

23、vements and good fortune of others. Its a familiar but uncomfortable feelingcommon, unpleasantEnvyEnvy is a common but unpleasnat feeling.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法 Envy is a shortcoming of character we like to keep in our heart secretly. weaknessweaknesshide in our heart secre

24、tlyEnvy is a weakness of charater we like to hide in our heart secretly. Envy is a weakness hidden in our heart secretly.3.Envy is everywhere. It seems to be in our nature.4.Envy raises its ugly head when we focus on what we want but we dont possess now. Worse still, we may even wish for and take pleasure in someones losing what we have always desired. and even take delight in others losing it cant get what we want d