本科学位英语语法复习纲要

1、一般时态一、一般现在时1、 由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句，以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作，而主句则用一般将来时态。例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.2、 当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实，常常用一般现在时态。例：The earth is round.地球是圆的。重点在时间，条件状语从句中常用的连词有：as soo

2、n as，when，till，if等。在时间，条件状语从句中，一般用动词的一般现在时表将来。They will go home for winnter holidy as soon as they_their exams. （1996）A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing【答案】BWhen the mixture_，it will give off a powerful force. （1992）A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated【答案】CW

3、hen are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago？As soon as_our work for tomorrow. （2003.11）A. were complete B. wed complete C. well complete D. we complete【答案】D 本句是测试时态的用法。在时间、条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。二、一般过去时一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。1、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态，时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the o

4、ther day, in 1982，just now，last year，when i was 18 years old等。例：Where did you go just now ?2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Tom suddenly fell ill yesterday. She didt look

5、wel when i last say her. 重点Youve already missed too many classes this term.You_two classes just last week. （1995）A. missed B. would miss C. has missed D. have missed【答案】A 有具体时间状语的要用一般现在时used to do sth.：过去常常做某事，现在已经不做了。I used to take a walk in the morning.I used to go out a lot,but now I just go to c

6、oncerts.used doing sth.：习惯于做某事it is time(that).句型中，谓语动词用过去时。Dont you think it is time you_smoking. （1999）A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up【答案】B三、一般将来时基本用法will（shall）+ 动.原：表示将来要发生的动作或状态。I think it will be hoter in Beijing next summer.I shall arrive in New York tomorrow morning.

7、be going to + 动.原：表示马上要发生的事情或打算要做的事情。He is going to tralve around the world.Theyre going to meet outsie the school gate.be about to + 动.原：表示即将发生的动作。The lecture is about to begin. 讲座即将开始。I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我正要动身，这时电话响了。be to + 动.原：表示安排或计划好了动作。The Third-Ring Road is to be ope

8、n to traffic before Nation Day.三环路将在国庆前通车。进行时态一、现在进行时is/are + doing基本用法表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作The teacher is talking with her students.They are doing experiments now. 他们正在做实验。表示现阶段正在进行的动作、但此刻并不一定在进行。I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京参加一个研讨会。某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词，如go、come、start、arrive、leave等的现在进行时可表

9、将来。We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天动身去北京。The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到济南。 重点Is the Party almost ove?I think so.A lot of people_to leave.A. is beginning B. begin C.are beginning D. have beginnning【答案】C二、过去进行时war/were + doing基本用法表示在过去一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时

10、间。He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点他在做家庭作业。At that time she was working in the countryside. 那是她正在下乡。She was listenning to English broadcast when i came in. 我进来的时候她正在听英语广播。 重点I fell and hurt myself while i_tennis. （1998）A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played【答

11、案】AWhen you_this over with here,you should not see her any more. （1999）A. talk B.talked C.will talk D.talking【答案】B【分析】连接词when表示时间上的点，其所引导的句子用一般时，while表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用进行时。完成时态一、现在完成时主动：have/has + done被动：have/has been + done基本用法表示动作刚刚结束（常和just，now，already，yet等词连用）或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间状语）。Li Ming has just

12、turned off the light. 李明刚把灯关上（说明现在灯已经关上了）。I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了（说明丢了，现在还没有找到）。表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能延续下去，常用since引导的短语或从句，或与由for引导的短语连用。He has lived here for 30 years. 他在这里住了30年了（现在还住在这里）。Theyve known each other since childhood. 他们从小就彼此相识（现在还继续来往）。非延续性动词的完成时和it is + 时间 + since.（过去时）英语中有些动词不能延续，

13、因此不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。He has_the army for ten years and is now an officer. （1995）A.gone into B.joined in C.been in D.come into【答案】C【分析】用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时，只能用含有持续意义的动词，不可用瞬间性动词。如果是非延续性动词，这时常用it is + 时间 + since的句型替代，从句用过去时态。例如：It is 3 years since I left Shanghai. 我离开上海已经三年了。 重点have/has been to和have/has gone

14、to的区别have/has been to：去过某地（表示某人的一种经历），可以和once、twice、often、never、ever连用。hava/has gone to：去某地了（表示某人已经离开此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只能用于第三人称），此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。He has gone to American. 他已经去了美国。（意思是他去了，现在不在此地）He has been to American twice. 他去过美国两次。二、过去完成时主动：had + done被动：had been + done基本语法表示过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了了

15、动作（即过去的过去）这个过去的某一时间可用by、before等介词或连词引导的短语或从句来表示。They had fullfiled their yearly plan by the end of November. 在11月底前他们就已经完成了全年计划。Smith has lived in N.Y.for the years before he moved to California. 史密斯夫妇在搬到加州之前在纽约生活了好些年。 重点About the six century A.D. When few Europeans could read,the Chinese_paper. （19

16、97）A.invented B.had invented C. have invented D.had been invented【答案】BWhen I went to vist Mrs.Smith last week, I was told she_two days before. （2003.11）A.has left B.was leving C.would leave D.had left.【答案】D表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。The chemistry class_for five minutes when we hurried there. （1995

17、）A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on【答案】A过去完成时常用在no sooner.then、hardly/scarcely/barely.when.（一.就.）句型中，句子倒装。No sooner had we sat down_we found it was time to go. （1997）A.that B.when C.as D.while【答案】ANo sooner had they got the goods covered up_it started raining hard. （2002）A.when B.tha

18、n C.then D.after【答案】B三、将来完成时主动：will have done被动：will have been done基本用法表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作By the time next year,I shall(will) have lived here for 29 years. 明年这个时候，我们就在这里生活了20年了。I shall have reviewed my lesson three times if I review it once again. 如果再复习一次的话，我就复习三次了。Hurry up! Or she will have left befor

19、e we get there. 快点！否则我们到那里之前她就会走了。 重点By the next year he_in New York for five years.（2004.11）A.has worked B.has been working C.works D.will have worked.【答案】DBy the time you arrive this evening,_for two hours. （2004.11）A.I will study B.I will have been studied C.I had studied D.I will have been study

20、ing【答案】D四、现在完成时have/has been + donig基本用法表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调道说话时为止一直在做的动作。They have been studying English for several years. 他们学习英语已经好几年了。It has been raining last week. It is still raining. 从上个星期开始就一直下雨，现在还在下。I have been trying to collect more merterials for them these days. 这些天我一直在为他们收集更多的材料。 重点I_on the door for ten minutes now without an answer. （1998）A.was knocking B.am knocking C.knocking D.have been knocking【答案】DSinc