最新最全备课精编精讲精练中考英语语法专题八时态语态专题十三主谓一致

1、专题十三 主谓一致【命题趋势】主谓一致是各地中考重点考查的语法项目之一，以考查主谓一致三原则为主。【考点归纳】1. 语法一致2. 意义一致3. 就近一致【语法精讲】主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致通常有三种原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。一、语法一致（一）谓语动词用单数的情况 1）主语是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Tom is a good student.2） 主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：There is some milk in the fridge. There are fiv

2、e cartons of milk in the fridge.3) 单个动词不定式、动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：To become a doctor is her wish.Helping others is her great happiness. 4) “much, little, a little, much more, a great deal of, an amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：There is little water in the bottle.A great deal of time has been wasted

3、by now. （二）谓语动词用复数的情况 1)主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：They often play football on the playground. 2)由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, jeans, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼睛在书桌上。【超级点津】如果这类名词前用了a pair of等表示数量的名词，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。例如：Here a

4、re some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 3）用and或bothand连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。4） both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： There are only a few people who can live to 100. 只有少数人能活到100岁。 Both of

5、them are in my class. 他们两个都在我的班里三、根据主语中名词的单复数而定 1) 当主语有with, as well as, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, plus, besides, in addition to等结构跟在主语后面时，不能看作是并列主语，可以看作是插入语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the museu

6、m. Tom as well as I wants to go boating. The woman together with her daughter and son is sitting on the sofa. All but one were here just now. 2)some of，all of, most of, plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, none of, rest of, part of以及等后面加上可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：Most of his money is s

7、pent on computer games. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. There is plenty of water in the bottle. There are plenty of balls in the box.3) “分数或百分数 + of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如：Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. Two-thirds of the people are

8、against the plan. 20% of students are boys. 20% of water is fresh water. 【超级点津】谓语动词取决于修饰词，而不是取决于主语中的名词的情况由“kind( type, form，pile, series，quantity) of”等修饰主语时， 其谓语形式取决于kind, type, form, pile, series等这些修饰词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。例如：This kind of books is good for children.These kinds of books are good for chil

9、dren.A large quantity of paper was left.Large quantities of paper were left.二、意义一致（一）谓语动词用单数的情况 1）有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works(工厂), Maths。还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, Mathematics, politics(“政治”的意思，如果作为“政见”的意思，则是复数含义)等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Here is the news. Politics is

10、my favourite subject.2) 当one of, a pair of, a kind of , a pile of（一堆），a series of （一系列）等结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： One of those students has passed the examination. A new type of bus is now on show.A series of accidents has been reported. A pile of books was set beside the wall. 3) 用作运算的数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Te

11、n plus ten makes twenty.4) 数词和表示金钱、时间、价格、度、量、衡等名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：Five dollars is enough. Two weeks was allowed for making preparations. Thirty miles is a long way to walk. 5）表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志、格言及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The New York Times is reading all over the United States. The

12、 Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 6) 有些集体名词如： clothing, furniture（家具）, jewellery（珠宝）, equipment（设备）等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Much of her jewellery was missing. 她的珠宝首饰很多都丢了。The equipment of the lab is carried by two trucks. 实验室的设备由两辆卡车运送。Our clothing protects us from cold. 衣服保护我们免受寒冻。 Then

13、the furniture was moved in. 然后家具被搬进来。（二）谓语动词用复数的情况 1) 有些表示总体意义的集合名词如：people, police, cattle, clothes等形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：Are there any people around? The police are searching for a short dark man with a beard. 2) a number of作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。【超级点津】a number of 与the number of 的区别“a number

14、 of + 名词复数”的意思是“许多.”，动词要用复数形式； “the number of + 名词复数”的意思是“.的数量是”，动词要用单数形式。例如： A number of books have been lent out. 许多的书都借出去了。 The number of the students is over 800. 学生的数量超过了800。3) “the + 形容词”(如the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the dead, the sick, the brave 等)作主语时，通常指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The po

15、or are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人悲凉。（三）根据主语中名词的含义而定 1) 集体名词如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, team, group, public等词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如。Her family is going to move. 她的家准备搬。 Her family are very well. 她的家人身体都很好。 The population of China

16、is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants. 中国的人口有13.6亿，70是农业人口。 3）用“and”连接的两个名词作主语时，如果指的是同一人或物时（此时第二个名词前没有冠词），谓语动词用单数；如果指的是两个人或物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The poet and writer has come. 那个诗人兼作家来了。(同一人，身兼两职)The poet and the writer have come. 诗人和作家来了。(两个人) Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他经常以

17、黄油面包当早餐。 (同一个事物) Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop. 商店里的面包和黄油都卖光了。(两个事物) 【拓展延伸】“No/Each/Every+单数名词andno/each/every+单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：No teacher and no student was invited to the meeting.老师和学生都没有被邀请去参加会议。Every man and every woman has a seat.每位男士和女士都就座了。4）all作主语时，谓语动词要根据它指代的含义决定谓

18、语动词的单复数形式。例如：All is right. 一切顺利。 (all代表所有的事情) All are present. 人都到齐了。 (all代表所有的人) （四）特殊情况英语中this kind of men=men of this kind 意思是“这类人” ，但是this kind of men作主语时，谓语动词用单数，men of this kind作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous. 三、就近一致1）由连词or, neithernor, eitheror, n

19、ot onlybut also, nor, not.but等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：Neither you nor Mary is right. Either you or she is not telling the truth. Are neither you nor your father interested in swimming? 2) 当there be, here, where 句型的主语是多个事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a desk and two chairs in the office. There are

20、two chairs and a desk in the office. Here is a ruler, a few pencils and some paper for you. 【中考链接】【2013江苏南京】There _ still some apple juice in the fridge. Its not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now.A. was B. were C. is D. are【2013江苏扬州】A number of tourists _ Yangzhou many times because it i

21、s such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to【2013上海】35A lot of foreigners_ familiar with the famous places of interest in China A)am B)is C)are D)be【2012江苏泰州】5. Why are you late, Jim? Because there _ a lot of traffic when I came here.A. is B. are C. was D. w

22、ere【2011江苏南通】1.Linda, with her parents,_ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to【实战演练】基础练1. There _ still some milk in the fridge. Its not necessary to go to the store today.A. am B. is C. are D. be2“ I think neither this shi

23、rt nor that one _ good.” he said.Aare Bis Cwere Dwas3Three years _ a short time. You have to study hard.Ais Bare Cbe Dwere4All _ done now.Ahave Bhas Chas been Dhave been5All the food _ ready now. Lets have a meal.Abe Ban Cis Dare6Either Jim or Sam _ going to help the farmers with the orange harvest

24、this afternoon.Awas Bwere Cis Dare7This pair of shoes _ for my father.Ais Bare Cbuy Dget8There _ a desk，two beds and four chairs in the roomAis Bare Chas Dhave9Nothing but grass and trees _ the hill.Acovers Bcover Ccovering Discovered10The mother with two children often _ to the town.Ago Bgoes Care

25、going Dis going11The box of rubbers _ white.Ais Bare Cbe Dwere12_ he or you to come home？AIs BAre CWill DCan13His family _ a large one. The whole family _ watching TV.Aisis Bareare Careis Disare14None of that money on the table _ mine.Ais Bare Cbeen Dwere15Ten minutes _ enough for me.Ais Bare Cam Db

26、e16Neither my father nor I _ there just now.Awere Bis Care Dwas17. The secretary and manager _very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. was19. Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice.A. have gone B.

27、have been C. has gone D. has been21. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are21. The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was22. I cant afford the car, five thousand dollars _ too much for me.A. isB. areC. has D. have23. He

28、, together with his parents _going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you? Im afraid I have to stay at home _ _.A. are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself24. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was25. The number of books in the bookshop _

29、 about 10,000 and a number of them aboutscience.A. is; are B. was; were C. are; is D. were; was提高练1. There lots of people at the restaurant when 1 got there.A. is B. was C. are D. were2. There _ going to be a basketball match this afternoon.A. is B. are C. have D. will3. This is my twin sister, Lucy

30、. Not only she but also I good at drawing.A. is B. am C. are D. was4. How much is the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.A. is B. are C. am5. Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been6. One of my friends _moved to America. I miss her so muc

31、h.A. has B. have C. is D. are7. Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are8. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were9. The Chinese people _hard-working and brave.A. are B. is C. has been D. are being10. Three-fourths

32、 of the homework _today.A. has finished B. has been finishedC. have finished D. have been finished11. Which would you like, tea or coffee?Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _milk.A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D. are; to12. Neither my father nor my mother _ rock music. They think that its too _.A.

33、 like; noise B. likes; noise C. like; noisy D. likes; noisy13. The head teacher with his students _Xuanwu Lake Park if it _tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain14. David, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk.

34、 Please put them away.OK. Mum. Ill do it right away.A. isB. areC. has D. have15. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?- Yes, I think so.A. is B. are C. has D. have16. There _ still some milk and bread in the fridge. Its not necessary to go to the store today.A. am B. is C. are D. b

35、e17. Ten minutes ago, there _ an eraser, a pen and some books on the desk.A. is B. was C. were D. are18. When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided19No book and no pen _ in the bag.Ais Bare Chas Dhave20Each student and each

36、 teacher _ to see the film.Ago Bwish Care Dwants21. The whole class _the teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening toC. are listening D. is listening22. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _by their teacher.A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising23. The number

37、 of people invited _fifty，but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was；was C. was；were D. were；were24. The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching25. Those who _ _

38、 in _ _compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasnt handed; his B. havent handed; theirC. has handed；their D. have handed; his拓展练任务型阅读（每空一个单词）Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. With the development of agriculture and industry, cars have made th

39、e air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured into rivers. We produce lots of waste every day and it is harmful to our environment. We must face the situation and take actions to solve our envi

40、ronment problems. Here are some ideas for you to do better in your life.Remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.Reduce means “Use less”. Dont waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really ne

41、cessary or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.Reuse means “Use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last, and we should repair them instead of throwing them away and