最新高考情态动词专题复习(包括语法要点讲解,高考考点汇总,经典习题,易错题汇总)

1、只有专业 才有机会 QQ406749537您的满意是我们最大的追求！专题五 情态动词第一节 语法要点讲解情态动词的语法特征：1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生；2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式；3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s；4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。一、 比较can 和be able to1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be

2、 able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用be able toa. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词后。c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。d. 用于句首表示条件。e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 Could

3、I have the television on? Yes, you can. / No, you cant.2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。二、比较may和might1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为不妨。If that is the case, we may as

4、well try.典型例题Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。三、比较have to和must1)两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这

5、件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3） 在否定结构中： dont have to表示不必mustnt表示禁止，You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。四、must表示推测1) mu

6、st用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。He must stay there.他必须呆在那。3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。I did

7、nt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。Why didnt you answer my phone call?Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.5) 否定推测用 cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。五、表示推测的用法c

8、an, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3）情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by th

9、e end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用cant, couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还

10、没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。六、情态动词+ have +过去分词1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must h

11、ave +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有肯定，谅必的意思。 Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了。You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the

12、 old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4) neednt have done sth本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineednt have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.七、should 和ought toshould 和ought to 都为

13、应该的意思，可用于各种人称。Ought he to go?Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。八、 had better表示最好had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sthhad better not do sthIt is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth

14、表示与事实相反的结果，意为本来最好。You had better have come earlier.九、 would rather表示宁愿would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than宁愿而不愿。还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示宁愿、宁可的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would st

15、ay here rather than go home.典型例题- Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do?A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为宁愿，本题为疑问句， would 提前，所以选B。十、 will和would注意：1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。Would you

16、 like to go with me?2）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。Would you like some cake?3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down?十一、 情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No,I needntMust you?/dont have to.典型例题1）Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course, you_.A

17、. mightB. willC. canD. should答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。2）Shall I tell John about it?No, you _. Ive told him already.A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt答案A。neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 mustnt

18、禁止、不能。 shouldnt不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。3）Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow._.A. I dontB.I wontC. I cantD. I havent答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心，本题表示决心，选B。十二、 带to 的情态动词带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意

19、：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。 典型例题Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he

20、 meant no harm.A.have toldB.tellC.be tellingD. having told答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。十三、比较need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。1) 实义动词： need（需要, 要求）need + n. / to do sth2) 情态动词： need，只用原形nee

21、d后加do，否定形式为need not。Need you go yet?Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：need doing = need to be done第二节 高考考点汇总一、弄清三组情态动词的用法区别 温馨提示：以下所讲的几组情态动词的用法区别，是学好情态动词的最基础的知识，学好它，不仅有助于你做好情态动词单项填空题，而且还有助于培养你的英语语感和提高写作的准确性。 1 must 与 have to 的区别 （1） 强调重点不同：两者都表示

22、“必须”，但 must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have to 则重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。 （2） 时态形式不同：一般说来，must 只有现在时一种形式（在宾语从句中可以表示过去），而 have to 则有多种时态形式。 （3） have to 可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式，而 must 则没有这些形式。如： I regret to have to trouble you again 我很抱歉不得不再麻烦你一次。 I only saw her in the evening， having to be away all day 我因整天得外出，

23、所以只能晚上见到她。 （4） 否定式的含义不同：must 的否定式 mustnt 意为“不准”“不允许”；而 have to 的否定式 dont have to 意为“不必”（ neednt）。 2 can 与 be able to 的区别 （1） be able to 可用将来时态表示某人将来才具备的能力，而 can 不能用于将来时态。但若表示现在决定将来是否有能力做某事，可用 can。如： I can finish the article tomorrow 我可以在明天写完这篇文章。 （2） be able to 的过去式可表示某人过去某种具体的能力（即在某一具体场合做某事的能力，往往暗示

24、经过努力才具备的能力），但此时不能用 could）。如： He worked very hard and was able to pass his examinations 他学习很努力，所以考试及了格。 注：在否定句中 was （were） able to可用 couldnt代替。如： He worked very hard but wasnt able to couldnt pass his examinations 他学习很努力，但考试却未能及格。 （3） be able to 不仅有多种时态形式（通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用），而且还可以与某些情态动词连用 （通常

25、不与 can 连用），甚至还可以有非谓语形式。如： He has not been able to go to school for a week 他已有一周不能上学了。 You might be able to persuade him 你也许能够说服他。 I hope to be able to do the work 我希望能干得了这项工作。 I regret not being able to help her 我很遗憾未能帮助她。 3 cant 与 may not 的用法区别 （1） cant 有两个意思：它若表示能力，cant 意为“不能”；它若表示推测，cant 表示“不可能”。

26、如： I cant finish it in time 我不能按时完成。 He cant be so rich 他不可能那么富有。 （2） may not 也有两个意思：它若表示许可，may not 表示“不许可”“不可以”；它若表示推测，may not 表示“可能不”。如： Visitors may not feed the animals 参观者不得给动物喂食。 He may not be able to help but theres no harm in asking him 他可能帮不了忙，但是求他一下倒也无妨。 二、掌握情态动词的推测用法 温馨提醒：情态动词的推测用法是高考英语情态

27、动词中最重要的考点，根据近年来各省市的考试情况来看，约有70%的情态动词考题涉及此考点。 1 can / could用于表推测的用法 （1） 从使用句型上看，can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could 比 can 更委婉，更不确定。如： It cant couldnt be true 那不可能是真的。 What can could they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢? We could go there this summer 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。 注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测

28、，主要用于表示理论上的可能性（即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生），或表示“有时”之意。如： Even experienced teachers can make mistakes即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。 She can be very unpleasant 她有时很令人讨厌。 （2） 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be doing 结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如： He could have gone home 他可能已经回家了。 He cant couldnt have understood 他不可能理解了。 Why

29、 does he know this? Can Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? （3） “could完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法： 表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如： I could have lent you the moneyWhy didnt you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? 用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如： You could have helped him 你本来应该帮助他的。 表示“差点儿就要”

30、。如： I could have died laughing 我差点儿笑死了。 2 may / might用于表推测的用法 表示推测，两者都可用，只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。 （1） 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他句式（如用could等）。如： He may might know the answer 他可能知道答案。 He may might not believe you 他可能不会相信你。 And w

31、ho may might she be? 那么她会是哪一位呢? （2） 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be doing 结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如： He may might tell his wife 他也许会告诉他妻子。 He may might be writing a letter 他可能在写信。 She may might have read it in the papers 她可能在报上已读到过此事。 （3）“might完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法： 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：

32、It was really very dangerous I might have killed myself 那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。 A lot of men died who might have been saved很多人本来可以获救的却死了。 表示委婉的批评或责备。如： You might have made greater progress 你的进步本来可更大一些的。 You might at least have answered my letter 你至少可以回我一封信嘛。 3 must表示推测的用法 must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定

33、句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。如： I must be the happiest woman on earth！ 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。 No， he must be lying 不，他一定在撒谎。 He must have mistaken my meaning 他一定误会了我的意思。 4 should have done 的用法 should have done只用于谈论过去情况，主要有两个用法：一是用于推测过去已经发生的情况，二是用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如： You should have

34、 told me so before 你早就应该告诉我。 He should have arrived by now 此时他本该到了。 Look at the time！ We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago 瞧都什么时候了！ 十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。 5 need have done 的用法 need have done结构主要用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。用于否定句时，表示本来不必做某事，但实际上却做了；用于疑问句时，用于询问某一过去动作的必要性。如： You neednt have hurried 你当时实在不必那

35、么匆忙。 She neednt have come in person a letter would have been enough 她本不必亲自来写封信来就足够了。 Need you have paid so much? 你当时真须要付那么多钱吗? Need they have sold the farm? 他们那时非得把农场卖掉不可吗? 三、掌握情态动词的做题技巧 温馨提示：以下为你介绍三条做情态动词题的技巧，你若能认真领会，真正掌握，那么你就不会在情态动词方面丢分了。 1 充分利用句子语境。综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运

36、用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。如： （1） Helen _ go on the trip with us， but she isnt quite sure yet （安徽卷） A shall B must C may D can 分析：答案选C。由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。 （2） Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake It _ Harrys He always wears green （广东卷） A has to beB will

37、beC mustnt beD could be 分析：答案选D。后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。 （3） Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere Well He _have gone farhis coats still here （湖北卷） A shouldnt B mustntC cant D wouldnt 分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选cant。 （4） He paid for a seat， when he

38、 _ have entered free （山东卷） A couldB wouldC mustD need 分析：答案选A。could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。 （5） Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary She _ Ive already borrowed one （湖南卷） A cant B mustntC needntD shouldnt 分析：答案选C。既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。neednt在此表示“不必”。 2根据时间确定时态。即要分

39、清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式（这通常是高考的重点）；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式。如： （1） Catherine， I have cleaned the room for you Thanks You _it I could manage it myself （福建卷） A neednt doB neednt have done C mustnt do D shouldnt have done 分析：答案选B。句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必

40、做的”。选A还是B呢?根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 neednt have done。 （2） This cake is very sweet You _ a lot of sugar in it （辽宁卷） A should put B could have put C might put D must have put 分析：答案选D。前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。 （3） The woman biologist stayed in

41、Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned Oh， dear！ She _ a lot of difficulties！ （江苏卷） A may go throughB might go through C ought to have gone throughD must have gone through 分析：答案选D。由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！” 3注意分清适用句型。即要分清所考查的情态动

42、词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。如： The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow （浙江卷） A should B must C will D can 分析：答案选 D。在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。第三节 易错题汇总1.

43、“I thought you wouldnt mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I dont, but you _ me first.” A. should ask B. should have asked C. must ask D. must have asked 2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didnt recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _ my aunt Jean.” A. must be B. must have been C. might be D.

44、 can have been 3. That car nearly hit me; I _. A. might be killed B. might have been killed C. may be killed D. may been killed 4. Its a very kind offer, but I really _ accept it. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. dont 5. The police still havent found her, but theyre doing all they _. A. may B. can C.

45、must D. will 6. You _ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping. A. neednt B. mightnt C. mustnt D. wont 7. You _ him the news; he knew it already. A. neednt tell B. neednt have told C. mightnt tell D. mightnt have told 8. As shes not here, I suppose she _ home. A. must go B. must have gone C. mi

46、ght go D. might be going 9. Are you still here? You _ home hours ago. A. should go B. should have gone C. might go D. may have gone 10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didnt recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _ my aunt Jean.” A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been 11.

47、I _ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar. A. may B. can C. would D. should 13. “Shall we go shopping?” “Sorry, we _ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.” A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt 14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _ b

48、e very poor. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. neednt 15. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ have spoken at the meeting. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. couldnt 17. He _ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed. A. might fail B. must have failed C. sh

49、ould fail D. could have failed 18. “Why didnt she come to the meeting yesterday?” “Im not so sure. She _ ill.” A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _ me. A. could help B. should help C. could have helped D. must have helped 20. “You _

50、 your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _.” A. can ask, will waste B. must have asked, had wasted C. could have asked, was wasted D. shouldnt have asked, would be wasted 21. “Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _ be. Ill phone the airport and find it out.” A. mus

51、t B. might C. would D. can 22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, its not in my pocket. It _.” A. might fall out B. could fall out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out 23. “Look at these tracks. It _ be a wolf.” “Dont be so sure. I think it _ be a fox.” A. must; could B. may; might C. need; must D. could; need 25. “Did Jim come?” “I dont know. He _ while I was out.” A. might have