高三英语9月月考试题

1、兰州一中2018-2019-1学期高三年级9月月考考试题 高 三 英 语 说明：试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。第I卷（选择题）第一部分： 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节：（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWeve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers , or pu

2、rchasing line cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating th

3、ings, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served,” have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not gove

4、rn all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which prin

5、ciple should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with

6、 fairness.But dont take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to“score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping. Of co

7、urse, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it any

8、more. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors offices, and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual con

9、cern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.1. According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come,first served”?A. Taking buses. B. Buying houses. C. Flying with an airline. D. Visiting amusement parks.2.The example of the recorded messa

10、ge in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates A. the necessity of patience in queuing B. the advantage of modern technologyC. the uncertainty of allocation principle D. the fairness of telephonic services3.The passage is meant to _.A. justify paying for faster services B. discuss the morals of allocating thi

11、ngsC. analyze the reason for standing in line D. criticize the behavior of queue jumpingBNo one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specializ

12、ation, which means that people would specialize, or focus on doing one specific job.Lets take a man well call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the far

13、m. However, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he

14、knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.How did Mr. Plowr

15、ight let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the

16、 information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the p

17、roducts they had for sale.A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just

18、 the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attention.A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shop

19、keepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too di

20、fferent from a TV or radio commercial in todays world. 4. What probably led to the start of advertisement?A. The discovery of iron. B. The specialization of labor.C. The appearance of new jobs. D. The development of farming techniques.5. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright _.A. praised his plows i

21、n public B. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing to the shop D. showed his products to the customers6. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to _. A. explain the origin of advertising B. predict the future of advertising C. expose problems i

22、n advertising D. provide suggestions for advertising7. In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who _. A. owned a ship B. had the loudest voice C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. functioned like todays TV or radio commercial8. The last two paragraphs are mainly about _. A. the history o

23、f advertising B. the benefits of advertising C. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertisingCGenetically Modified (GM) food is unfortunately becoming more popular among farmers and food processors. Crops are being genetically modified to resist insects, plant diseases, insectici

24、des(杀虫剂). Plants are also modified to look bigger and better. Unfortunately the end goal isnt providing nutrition for people, its to increase profit margins and to make food look better. In fact many modern fruits and vegetables are twice the size of what they used to be while having far less vitami

25、ns, and not tasting good either. Now research is showing that genetically modified food might even be bad for you. GM organisms are organisms that have genes inserted into their DNA in order to offer certain characteristics. In this way you can make it better, or make it last longer.Jeffrey M. Smith

26、 has published a study about the dangers of GM food. It was discovered that when GM soy was fed to female rats they found that all their young died within 3 weeks compared to a natural 10% death rate. Their young were also born smaller and they later had problems becoming pregnant. A study of pigs f

27、ound that they also became infertile(不育) after eating GM corn.Many people are eating GM food without even realizing it. The solution to this problem is simple. Human beings existed in their current form for hundreds of thousands of years. For most of that time we ate a diet consisting of meat, fruit

28、, vegetable, fish, eggs and nuts. This is our optimal diet which leads us to live a healthy and long life. But over the last 30 years North America has experienced diabetes, cancer and heart disease. All due to the misinformation provided by groups who work on behalf of the manufacturers of GM food.

29、 The way to avoid obesity, heart disease and cancer is by eating like our stone-age ancestors.9. According to the author, what ultimately inspired the popularity of GM crops?A. Rich nutrition. B. Unique taste. C. High profits. D. Energy saving10. What had we better do if we want to stay healthy acco

30、rding to the text?A. Eat more fruit. B. Be vegetarians. C. Eat more grains. D. Keep traditional diet.11. The text is organized in the form of _.A. time and events B. cause and effect C. reasoning and argument D. contrast and comparison12. We can infer that the lobby groups (in Paragraph 4) are peopl

31、e who are _.A. scientists who give out false information because of carelessnessB. doctors who try to profit from patients who suffer from unhealthy foodC. workers who try to cheat customers for the benefits of food producersD. agricultural technicians who are responsible for promoting new productDT

32、hey may be teenagers,but 17-year-old Brittany Bull and 16-year-old Sesam Mngqengqiswa have grand ambitionsto launch Africas first private satellite into space.They are part of a team of high school girls from Cape Town,South Africa,who have designed and built equipment for a satellite that will orbi

33、t over the earths poles scanning Africas surface.Once in space,the satellite will collect information on agriculture,and food security within the continent.Using the data,“we can try to determine and predict the problems Africa will be facing in the future”,explains Bull,a student at Pelican Park Hi

34、gh School.“Where our food is growing,where we can plant more trees and vegetation and also how we can monitor remote areas,”she says.“We have a lot of forest fires and floods but we dont always get out there in time.”Information received twice a day will go towards disaster prevention.Its part of a

35、project by South Africas Meta Economic Development Organization(MEDO) working with Morehead State University in the US.The girls (14 in total) are being trained by satellite engineers from Cape Peninsula University of Technology,in an effort to encourage more African women into STEM (science, techno

36、logy, engineering, mathematics).Scheduled to launch in May 2017,if successful,it will make MEDO the first private company in Africa to build a satellite and send it into orbit.Mngqengqiswa comes from a single parent household. Her mother is a domestic worker. By becoming a space engineer or astronau

37、t,the teenager hopes to make her mother proud.“Discovering space and seeing the Earths atmosphere,its not something many black Africans have been able to do,or get the opportunity to look at.I want to see and experience these things for myself,”says Mngqengqiswa.Her team mate Bull agrees,“I want to

38、show to fellow girls that we dont need to sit around or limit ourselves.Any career is possibleeven aerospace.”13.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. Information provided by the satellite. B. The benefits brought by the satellite.C. Problems African agriculture faces. D. The way the satellite

39、collects information.14.Why are the experts teaching the girls satellite technology?A. To turn them into good farmers. B. To help African women to live better.C. To train employees for a private company. D. To attract more African women to sci-tech fields.15.What do you think of the girls in the tex

40、t?A. Ambitious and pioneering. B. Generous and considerate.C. Independent and modest. D. Brave and tolerant.第二节：（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer(温度计)for the temperature. This helps us decide what to

41、wear. _16_. We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we dont feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.Not all the thermometers us

42、e the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide._17_ .The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury(水银)inside a clear glass tub

43、e. As mercury (or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts(收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube._18_.First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap ; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap

44、using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw through the nail hole._19_.Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water lever easily._20_.As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever

45、 in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.A We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.B Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in th

46、e same way when they are heated or cooled.CNow that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.DThe water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.E They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit sc

47、ale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100degrees.F Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal（把.粘住) them together.GPeople use thermomete

48、rs which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.第二部分： 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节： 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从3655各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It was raining. I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other

49、 people in the place, but I sensed 22 . I saw their bodies, but I couldnt feel their souls 23 their souls belonged to the 24 .I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man 25 in front of it. Im Steve, he finally answered after I asked him a co

50、uple of times what his name was. I cant talk with you. Im 26 , he said. He was chatting online with somebody-probably someone he didnt know-and, at the same time, he was playing a computer game-a war game. I was surprised. He was chatting online and, 27 , he was playing a computer gamea war game. I

51、was 28 .Why didnt Steve want to talk with me? I tried 29 to speak to that computer geek (怪人), 30 not a word came out of his mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction. I was 31 . I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout, 32 ! I took a few steps back, wondering if all those

52、people in the caf were looking at me. I 33 , and saw nobody showed any interest. 34 , I realized that the people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more 35 having a relationship with the 36 , particularly Steve. I wouldnt want to 37 the future of hu

53、man beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines 38 with people.I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didnt even 39 that the coffee was bad, 40 Steve didnt notice there was a person next to him.21ABeforeBSince CAlthough DWhile 22Apain Bloneliness Csadness Dfear 23AbecauseBwhen Cun

54、til Dunless 24Ahome Bworld CNetDCafe 25Asleeping Blaughing Csitting Dlearning 26Abusy Bthirsty Ctired Dsick 27Afirst of all Bjust thenCat the same time Dby that time 28Asurprised Bdelighted Cmoved Dfrightened 29Aonce Bagain Cfirst Deven 30Abut BsoCif Dor 31Aexcited BrespectedCafraid Dunhappy 32AShut

55、 upBEnjoy yourself CLeave me alone DHelp me out33Awalked about Bwalked out Craised my hand Draised my head 34AFrom then on BAt that moment CIn all DAbove all 35 Ainterested in Btired of Ccareful about Dtroubled by36Acomputer Bsoul CshopDgeek 37Atell Bplan CimagineDdesign 38Aother than Binstead ofCex

56、cept for Das well as 39ApretendBunderstandCinsist Drealize40Aas if Bjust asCjust after Deven though第II卷（非选择题）第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1。5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。Plovdiv is situated in south-central Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River. The city has historically developed on seven hills, some of 41 are 250m (820.21 ft) high. Because of these hills, Plovdiv is 42 ( typical) referred to in Bulgaria as “The city of the Seve