(完整版)高中名词性从句导学案

1、思维导图名词性从句9小，君姆性双旬的量期内*16从如甫 Wha 2d w*nh if 卞dift.爱串从 *jTIm pMfelafc . wdfanTiB a p。ljiiiipi-e hini WM iAm ffrld awUlLw*n4jrf哂.易考易错点总结名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。考查的 要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用、主语和谓语的语序、双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。具体包括：1 .考查名词性从句的连接词。如：有词义的连接代词包括 who, whose, whom, what, which;连接副词有 when, where, why, how;从

2、属连词有 that, whether, if, as if; that 无词义，在从句中不作成分，有时可省略。2 .考查名词性从句的语序和时态。3 .考查it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如：(1)It + be+形容词(necessary, important, obvious)+that从旬；(2)It + be+过去分词+ that从句；(3)It + be+名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an hono儡)+ that 从旬；(4)It +不及物动词(appear, happen) +that 从句。4 .考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如：(1)It is/

3、was+ essential/important/natura !+ that ；(2)It is/was suggested/demanded/wished/desire d + that等。5 .考查 what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如： what= the thing that/anything that; what= the place that what= the time that; what=the person that6 .考查whoever, whatever, whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功七大常考考点：1.that what whic

4、h; 2.it 形式主语、宾语的用法；3.语序问题；4. 同位语从句和定从的区别；5.what whatever 6.ifwhether; 7.虚拟语气问题； 五、相关习题集中练习一.相关概念1 .名词：表示人或事物的名称的词2 .名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作 ,，表语和。3 .名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个 来充当，这个句子就叫:名词性从旬。二、名词性从句的种类1. When we will start is not clear.jA 旬2. Mrs. Black won t believat her son has become a

5、thief.丛旬3. My idea is that we should do it right now.jA 旬4. I had no ideathat you were her friend. 队句三、常见引导词：1）连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）。从属连号更齐只潮嫌同做进一步的 本身无意义，仅起作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，但是如果是并碉彦少息释，通常由名词、数 语从句，只能省第_个）,That he likes you is very obvious.很显然他喜欢你。2）连接代词 who, whom, what, which, whoever, wh

6、atever, whichever 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如 ：That why she wanted to leave.这就是她想离开的原因。When we arrive doesnt matter.什么时候到没有关系。Tell me which one you like best.告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。3）连接副词 where, when, how, why等，有意义，在句中作状语The question is how we should carry out the plan.问题是怎样执行这个计戈U。When she ll be back depends mu

7、ch on the weathe她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜4）从属连词if, whether （是否）（if只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句）1 .he said has nothing to do with you.2 .wel start tomorrow will be told soon.3 .he did such a thingsatisfied me.4 .we can protect cultural relics needs to be discuss

8、ed.四.四大从句讲解1 .主语从句作句子语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 , whether, if和连接代词 what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词 how, when, where, why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起 作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。如： he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。the Eng

9、lish evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首， 而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用数形式。常用句型如( 1) It + be + 名词 + that 从句 ( a pity,a shame,a fact,a wonder,an honor, no wonder,a surprise)如：你考试失败了真是遗憾( 2) It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 ( clear， important， necessa

10、ry， probable， possible)It is certain that she will do well in her exam.( 3) It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that 从句 (said, reported, thought, hoped, believed,known) coral reefs则瑚礁如 :据报道，珊瑚礁正遭受破坏。( 4) It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 ( seem, happen, appea) r如：碰巧那天我出去了。另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词 要 用 虚 拟 语 气 “ (should

11、) +do ” ， 常 用 的 句 型 有 ：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) th at练习题：(1) he will come is certain.(2) she is coming or not doesn t matter too much.(3) surprised me most was to see som

12、e of the village people seated on thebenches at the end of the room.(4) team will win the match is a matter of public concern.(5) she has gone is not known yet.1. is known to all, Taiwan is only part of China.2. It is known to allTaiwan is only part of China.3. It was on Sunday _ I met him.1.1 t is

13、necessary that a college student at least a foreign language.A. mastersB. should masterC. masteredD. will master2. His suggestion was that we another meeting to discuss the question.A holdB would holdC heldD holding单句改错1 .That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2 .When the meeting will

14、be held haven t been known yet.1.1 didn t know that you will come.4 .He said that he is writing a story.5 .Could you tell me when will he arrive?翻译下面句子1) 很显然你进步巨大。2) 很遗憾你错过了音乐会。3) 你打电话时我碰巧不在家.2. 宾语从句名词句用作的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语1 .由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中

15、不担任任何 ,在口语或非正式的 文体中常被，但如从句是并列句时，第一个分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me he will go to Shanghai tomorrow ancthat he will be back in two days. 观察并思考：宾语从句中的连接词that在什么情不不能省略？Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary th

16、at you should read English aloud.总结：注意：表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词形式为(should) +动词原形，其中should 可省略。例如：(一坚持 insist)(二命令command, order)(四建议advise, recommend, suggest, propose) (四要求 demand, desire, request, require ) 以及 他们的同根名词。I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她 自 己 工

17、作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at oncS 令员命令部队马上出 1)My suggestion is that we(go) to the cinema together.2)His advice that we(come) here on the dot is very reasonable.3)The order came the soldiers(destroy) the small village the nextmorning.2 .用 who, whom, which, whose, what, whe

18、n, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用 语序。例如：I want to know he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人她都给予热情支持3 .用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序o区别if与whether1) Whet

19、her we will go picnicking depends on whether it will be rainy.2) I have no idea whether he will come to the party.3) The question is whether he will come to the party.4) I dont care whether he will attend the meeting or not.5) He can t decidewhether_ to stay here another day.6) He can t decide wheth

20、er/if hell stay here another day.你能归纳出须使用whether的情况吗？ ,从句用 whether 词宾语用 whether whether与 连用 前用whether【高考链接】：We havenft settled the question of it is necessary for him tostudy abroad.A. if B. whether C. where D. that例如： there is life on the moon is an interesting question.Everything depends on we hav

21、e enough money.切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4 .注意宾语从句中的时态呼应如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，(包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现 在完成时等)例如： I know (that)he English every day.我知道他每天学英语I know (that)he English last term.I know (that) he English next year.I know (that)heEnglish since 1998.(当主A动词是过去时态(could, would除外)，从句则

22、要用相应的 时态，如 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理， 自然现象，则从句仍用时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America .5 . think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。6 . wish后的宾语从句中的

23、时态在原本的时态上退一步，即wish that 过去时(跟现在相反)would +v.(跟将来相反) had done。艮过去相反)would rather that sb did sth sb had doneE.g.: I wish that I that film star yesterday.A sawB. had seen C would see D has seen7 .在appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate等后接由if或when引导的宾语从句中； 在see to注意，务必，保证，depend on, rely on, count on 等后t

24、hat引导的从句中，从 旬前常加it作形式宾语。1) I hate when they talk with their mouth full of food.2) I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.3) . You may depend onthat you parents will help you whenever you need it.译：走的时候务必做到筋行。译：你可相信，他会帮你的。 8.练习题用if或whether填空1. I don t know I ll be free tomorrow.2.

25、It seemed as if he was indifferent然)_ he could get into a lifeboat.3. The question is this book is worth writing.4. It depends on we will have enough money.5. they can do it matters little to us.时态：1 .The radio says it cloudy tomorrow. (be)2 .The headmaster hopes everything well. (go)3 .Tom says tha

26、t they(play) basketball at six o clock yesterday evening.4.I hear they (return) it already.5. He said that they members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. I didn t know what time he the letter. (write)7. Could you tell me who away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he to the Great Wall severa

27、l times. (be)翻译：用宾语从句翻译下列句子1 .老师曾告诉我们有志者事竟成。2 .他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里.3 .我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。4 .我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。3 .表语从句在句中作 的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用 as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 +系动词+ that从句。The fact is we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is he didn t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

28、It looks it is going to rain.看上 去天要 下雨了 。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 表语从句注意事项：1) .在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“ If”。2) .一般情况下，“that”不能省。3) . It is /was because .It is /was why .4) . The reason (whyfor

29、 )is /was that.5) The reason is because /why 4 .同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice、 demand doubt、 fact、 hope、 idea、 information message news、order、problem、promise、question、request suggestion truth、 wish、word 等。The news we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激 动。I have no i

30、dea he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to himMary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的湎：同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea,answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestio n 后，用 以自自自或 前面的名词的内容，引导词一般为that,没有意义，不作任何成分，只起作用

31、，1不能。定语从句：对先行词起 修饰限制作用，引导词不止that,引导词在句中作一定成分，有意义，且 that / which在定语从句中如果做 宾语，可以省略。Eg: The newsthat she passed the exam excited her parents. 从旬解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分，没有意义，是连接代词，但是不能省。The newsthat we know from her excited all of us.从旬修饰限定；that代替先行词news,是关系代词，在从句中有意义，做成分，作 宾语，可以省。1. The suggestionthat he sh

32、ould not go thereis of great value. 语从句2. The suggestionthat he madeis of great value. 队句3. The fact that he won the first placecan t be denied. 从句4. The fact that he told me excited me. 队句注：1.同位语从句多用that引导2.在have no idea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.I have no idea he has gone.I have no idea he did it.I have no id

33、ea he did.5 .区别 what 与 that观察并总结：what与that在从句中的句法功能有何不同？What we can t get seems better thwhat we have.That a new teacher will come to our school is true.总结：that只起 作用，无意义，在从句中任何成分；what既有 作用， 又要在从句中 _成分（主语，宾语，表语）（的东西;物;话;时间;地点;人物； 数目等不同概念）1. After five hours drive, they reached was called the hometown

34、 of thegoddess.2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at was a dangerousspeed.3. The village was quite different from it used to be.4. the earth is round is known to us all.5. Father made a promise if I passed the examination he would buy me acomputer.1） you don t like him is non

35、e of my business.A. What B. Who C. ThatD. Whether6.观察并总结what ,which区别-Do you know what Mr. Black s address is?-He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Iw hich .not sure of总结：what （什么）/ which （表选择，哪一个）I read about it in some books or other, does it matter it was?2）he said at the meeting ast

36、onished everybody present.7. whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however ”的用法 whatever / whoever / whichever可以引导 从句或从句，他们既在从句中做成分又在主句中作成分，相当于 anything that, anybody who等，此时不能 与 no matter what / who / which 互换E.g.: Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.试体会本旬,

37、不可以变成no matter who引导的让步状语从句）whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / howeve何弓 I 导让步状语从何，意为“无论什么/谁/哪个/何时/何地/怎样都;相当于no matterwhat / who/ which / when / where / how.E.g.: Wherever I went, the dog always followed me.(本句可换成No matter where I went, the dog always followed me. 主从句依然没有问题 )1. wa

38、s said here must be kept as a secret.2. we need is more time.3. breaks the law will be punished.4. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.8.关系型what 引导名词性从句的五种用法1) .表示“的东西或事情”：They ve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了 她。He saves what he earns他赚多少，积蓄多少。What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。2) .表示“的人或的