虚拟语气专讲

1、 虚拟语气英语动词可有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。1. 陈述语气：陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。My favorite sport is swimming.Did it rain all day yesterday?What a good boy he is!2. 祈使语气：表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Be careful!Dont forget to close the window.Lets go to the park this Sunday.3. 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、怀疑或推测。If

2、I were you, I should study English harder.(表假设)I wish every family had a house of their own. (表愿望)The doctor advised that he (should) take exercise regularly.（表建议）It is surprising that he should be such a foolish man.他竟然这么愚蠢，真是令人吃惊！（表感到意外）He cant have arrived, for his car broke down on the way. 他不可能

3、已经到了，因为他的车坏在路上。（推测）第1讲 用相应的过去时态表示“愿望”9 第十二章 虚拟语气考点1. wish之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气hope后面跟宾语从句时，只能用陈述语气：I hope you will have a good trip there.wish后面跟从句时只能用虚拟语气，表示“愿望”，与事实相反。本来是一般现在时的，要用成一般过去时；本来是一般过去时的，要用成过去完成时。 I wish I remembered the address. I wish you had written to him. I wish you would stop asking silly q

4、uestions.1. 【2002上海】How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had2. 【2011北京】Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A. werentB. hadnt been C. wouldnt beD. wouldnt have been3. I wish I _ you yest

5、erday. A. sawB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see4. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. went考点2. if onlyonly if 表示“只有”; if only则表示“如果就好了”。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.要是闹钟响了就好了！表示现在的情况，应用过去式； 如果是过去的情况，应用过去

6、完成时态。if only 也可用于陈述语气。If only I had listened to your advice, things wouldnt have gone so wrong.5. 【2003上海春】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followedB. would followC. had followed D. should follow6. If only Grandmother _ this together with us now.A. will seeB. could see C. mus

7、t seeD. should see7. I would get it for you _ I could remember who last borrowed it. A. on condition thatB. except that C. if onlyD. considering whether考点3. Its (high/about) time thatIt is (high/about) time that后谓语用过去式或“should动词原形（should不能省略）”表示“愿望”，含有抱怨或批评之意，意为“早就该做某事了”。It is time that the governme

8、nt took action. It is about time that the government took action.It is high time that the government took action. It is (about high) time that the government should take action.但不可说It is high time that the government take action.因为should不能省略。8. It is high time the child _ to the hospital. A. is sent

9、B. would be sentC. be sentD. was sent9. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York? A. goneB. should goC. goD. will go10. It is time that the government _ measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking11. 【2012辽宁】Jack is a great talker.

10、Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A. will doB. has doneC. doD. did考点4. would rather 后跟从句时would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来相反的愿望时，从句用一般过去时。Id rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。Id rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。表示与过去相反的愿望时用过去完成时。Id rather I hadnt said it. 我真希

11、望我没有这样说过。12. Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A. you stayedB. you stayC. stayedD. stay 13. Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.A. doB. dont doC. didnt doD. will not do14. 【2010江苏】Ge

12、orge is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused写作专练1. 用相应的过去时态来表达“愿望”（P. 234）第2讲 用虚拟条件句表“假设”条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the par

13、k. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）虚拟条件句分三种情况：与现在相反，与过去相反，与将来相反。其从句和主句的谓语形式如下：时 间if 条件句主 句过 去had donewould /should /could /might have done现 在did （were）would /should /could /

14、might do将 来should do were to do did （were）would /should/could/might do注：would, should, could与might的选择： 一般常用would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。常译作“将、就会”。如：If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。 should在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，

15、人们常说：Ill go home.或I will go home. 但很少人说I shall go home. 因此，在虚拟条件句中，should也很少用。 could用于虚拟条件句中时，有“能够，可能”之意。如：If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.如果你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。 might用于虚拟条件句时，常译作“或许”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 如果我当时

16、在场的话，我或许会和他吵起来。考点1. 表示与现在事实相反If I knew German, I would read the book in the original.1. If it _ so hard, wed go to town. A. isnt raining B. werent raining C. doesnt rain D. has rain2. If there were no water in the world, everything _.A. will dieB. would die C. would have diedD. would have been dead

17、3. Were safer in a train than we would be if we _ any other way.A. traveledB. had traveled C. travelD. have traveled4. Why dont you explain it to her?I _ it to her if I thought she would understand.A. would explainB. will explain C. explainD. would have explained5. 【2012湖南】Sorry, I am too busy now.

18、If I _time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had考点2. 表示与过去事实相反You wouldnt have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes.6. If I _ you，I _ to Australia with Mr. Smith. A. had been; would goB. were; had gone C. were; would have goneD. am; will go7. 【2010湖南

19、】If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow8. 【2012山东】If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made9. 【2013重庆】It rained cats and dogs this morning

20、. Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _.A. hadntB. havent C. didnt D. dont10. 【2013江苏】I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought考点3. 表示对将来发生情况的怀疑或实现的可能性很小11. What would we do if it _ tomorrow? A. shoul

21、d snowB. would snowC. snow D. will snow12. 【2009天津】This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might13. The volleyball match would be put off if it _ tomorrow.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained14. Sup

22、posing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? A. was sinkingB. has sunk C. were to sinkD. sunk15. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Was he leavingB. If he is leaving C. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves16. 【2012安徽】Grace doesnt want to move to New Yo

23、rk because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would live C. has livedD. were to live 考点4. should有“万一”之意在与现在相反的虚拟条件句中，从句谓语有三种形式，其中一种为“should+动词原形”，主要是因为should有“万一”之意，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。if条件从句谓语由should加动词原形构成时，主句谓语有用虚拟语气的也有不用虚拟语气的。Ask her to r

24、ing me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。 should还常用在for fear that, in case(以防), lest(以防)等引导的状语从句中。17. He is working hard for fear that he _ to pass the exam.A. failsB. may failC. should failD. would fail18. He doesnt dare to leave the house in case _.A. he will recognizeB. he should be reco

25、gnized C. he is recognizedD. he recognize19. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.A. breaks downC. would break down B. broke downD. should break down考点5. 错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句却指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。If they had started in the

26、 early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.(过去将来; 错综时间虚拟条件句) If they had started in the early morning, they would be here now. (过去现在; 错综时间虚拟条件句)If they had started in the early morning, they would have arrived. (过去过去；不是错综时间虚拟条件句)20. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if

27、I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallenB. had not fallen C. should fallD. were to fall21. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been22. 【2013北京】If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be stand

28、ing here in a queue.A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked23. 【2013天津】If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now.A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been考点6. if 的省略虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时，可把if省略，而把were, had, should放在主语前，用倒装

29、结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。如： Were it necessary, I might resign.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.Were there to be a flood, what should we do?Had I left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.24. 【2012浙江】 Had they known what was coming next, they _ second

30、 thoughts.A. may haveB. could have C. must have hadD. might have had25. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.A. Had I knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known 26. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leaveD. Had he lef

31、t 27. _ the work, he would do it some other way.A. Was he goingB. If he does C. Were he to doD. If he is doing28. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A. Had it not been forB. If it were not C. If it had not been forD. Were it not for 29. _ any change about the date, please te

32、ll me immediately. A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be 30. The business is risky. But _ we would be rich.A. should we succeedB. we should succeed C. might we succeedD. would we succeed考点7. 用was还是用were在当代英语中，尤其在口语中，单数主语常用was代替虚拟式were。如： I wish I was ten years younger.

33、 我但愿年轻10岁。在含义上，有时was发生的可能性大于were。如： He looks as if he was ill. 他像是病了。 但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻10岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。as it were“可以说，在某种程度上”。英语解释为：as if it we

34、re really so。He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.他可以说是一部活字典。He became, as it were, a man without a country.他在某种程度上成了一个无国籍的人。但在正式文体中仍须用were。在考试中最好还是用were。考点8. 根据主句谓语或从句谓语判断是否是虚拟语气一般情况下，从句和主句要用陈述语气都用陈述语气，要用虚拟语气都用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind if I opened the window?比较：Do you mind if I smoke?我们可以利用这个规律来帮助我们

35、做题。（注意：should用在条件从句中表示“万一”时，主句可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气。如： If he should come tomorrow, I will/would ask him for help.）31. 【2012全国】Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need32. Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _ if we leave it

36、here.A. would be finedB. will be fined C. will being finedD. will have been fined33. If he _ not ill, I _ invite him to our party.A. is; wouldB. were; wouldC. were; willD. was; would34. 【2013新课标I】If we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.A. hadnt actedB. havent actedC. dont actD

37、. wont act写作专练2. 虚拟条件句在写作中也很有用（P. 235）第3讲 含蓄条件句有些句子中，没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。 这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文之中(otherwise或in that case)或者用介词替代了（常见的介词有with, without , but for）。如：Given more time, we could have done it better.Without air we could not live on the earth. But for the storm we would have b

38、een there in time.考点1. but1. I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday，but I was short of money at that time. A. would buyB. had boughtC. would have boughtD. must have bought2. 【2011福建】Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. at

39、tendedB. had attended C. would attendD. would have attended3. 【2013安徽】I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.A. went B. had goneC. would go D. would have gone考点2. without4. Without your help, I _ so much progress in my studies in such a short time.A. dont makeB. didnt m

40、ake C. will not have madeD. would not have made5. 【1997上海】Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly6. 【2011陕西】I _ through that bitter period without your g

41、enerous help.A. couldnt have goneB. didnt go C. wouldnt goD. hadnt gone考点3. otherwise7. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _.A. I may have failedB. Id fail C. Id have failedD. Ill have failed 8. Where have you been? I got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner. A. I would be hereB. I have be

42、en here C. I had been hereD. I would have been here 9. 【2012福建】We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited考点4. or10. He didnt come yesterday，or you _ him. A. would seeB. were to see C. might have

43、seen D. had seen11. Sally cant have written to me, or _ the letter by now.A. Ill getB. Ill have got C. Id have got D. Id get考点5. but for“要不是”12. But for the leadership of our Party and Government，we _ these splendid results.A. have achievedB. wouldnt have achieved C. should have achievedD. would ach

44、ieve13. 【2011江西】We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A. will put B. will have putC. would putD. would have put14. 【2009福建】But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would win

45、D. would have won 考点6. if it werent/hadnt been for“如果不是”与现在相反，用if it werent for； 与过去相反，用if it hadnt been for。15. If it were not for the snowy weather, we _ all right.A. would beB. would have been C. wereD. may be 16. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. A. Had it not been for

46、B. If it were not C. If it had not been forD. Were it not for 17. _ for the traffic jam, I could have covered fifty miles.A. Had it beenB. Had it not been C. It had not beenD. It not had been18. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. It were notB. Had it not been C. W

47、erent itD. Had not it been考点7. even if/even though (参看P. 126Error! Reference source not found.)19. Nothing could have saved him even if he _ without delay.A. would be tendedB. was tendedC. has been tendedD. had been tended20. He _ you more help，even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. migh

48、t give C. need have givenD. may give21. Even if he _ here, he could not solve the problem.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. has been 考点8. as if/ as though(参看P. 122Error! Reference source not found.)22. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it _. A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. h

49、ad been broken23. 【2012北京】Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been24. 【1993年高考】 The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had been考点9. supposing/suppose此时，supposing 和suppose都是连词。“假如、假定”用作连词，引导条件状语从句，从句可用陈述语气，

50、也可用虚拟语气。例：Supposing / Suppose（that） the weather were bad， where would you go？假如天气不好，你去什么地方？Supposing / Suppose （that） she doesnt come， what should we do？假如她不来我们该怎么办？注：providing / provided “倘若；在的条件下”,用作连词，引导条件状语从句，但从句不用虚拟语气。25. Supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets fo

51、r all the passengers?A. was sinkingB. has sunk C. were to sinkD. sunk考点10. 通过语义表达26. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. wouldB. should haveC. mayD. have 27. Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane.A. will catchB. would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught 28. Is the patient all r

52、ight now?Yes. Who _ that such a serious illness could be cured?A. had thoughtB. would have thought C. was thinkingD. has thought29. 【2012江苏】Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I _ for.A. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wished考点11. 注意辨别是虚拟语气还是陈述语气30. 【2

53、008全国II】If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining31. Tom would buy that bicycle but he _ no money.A. hadB. hasC. had hadD. has had32. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. wereB. had beenC. areD. should be 33. 【2007 山东】They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get写作专练3. 学会熟练使用含蓄条件句（