语法专题复习(一~七)

1、专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词 专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态 专题复习三专题复习三 定语从句定语从句专题复习四专题复习四 宾语从句宾语从句 专题复习五专题复习五 现在完成时现在完成时专题复习六专题复习六 过去完成时过去完成时专题复习七专题复习七 倒装句倒装句 英语新课标（RJ）英语新课标（RJ）专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词 重点解读 一、情态动词的一般用法一、情态动词的一般用法 表示说话人的语气、情态，后跟动词原形，不能独立做谓语，无人表示说话人的语气、情态，后跟动词原形，不能独立做谓语，无人称和数的变化。称和数的变化。 情态动词有：情态动词有：can (could

2、), may (might), must, can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)need, shall (should), will (would)。这里主要讲解以下几点：。这里主要讲解以下几点： 1 1can (could) can (could) 表示表示“说话人能够，说话人能够， 可以，可以， 同意，同意， 准许，准许， 以以及客观条件许可及客观条件许可”， could could 为为 can can 的过去式。如：的过去式。如： Can I use your bike Can I use

3、your bike？我可以使用你的自行车吗？我可以使用你的自行车吗？ Could you help me Could you help me？你能帮助我吗？你能帮助我吗？ 注意：注意： can can 和和could could 只能用于现在和过去两种时态，只能用于现在和过去两种时态， 将来时态用将来时态用 be able to be able to 来表示。来表示。英语新课标（RJ） 2 2may (might) may (might) 意为意为“可以可以”， 表示说话人同意、许可表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可。如：或请求对方许可。如： May I use your pen? May I

4、 use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？我可以用你的钢笔吗？ You may put on more clothes. You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿衣服。你可以多穿衣服。 might might 是是may may 的过去式，的过去式， 有两种用法，有两种用法， 一种表示过去式，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，一种表示虚拟语气， 使语气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。使语气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。如：如： Might I borrow some money now? Might I borrow some money now? 我可以

5、借点钱吗？我可以借点钱吗？ He might be alive. He might be alive. 他可能还活着。他可能还活着。专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词 3 3must must 意为意为“必须，必须， 应该，应该， 一定，一定， 准是准是”，表示说话人认为有必，表示说话人认为有必要做某事。要做某事。must must 用在一般现在时和一般将来时中，过去时中可用用在一般现在时和一般将来时中，过去时中可用 have to have to 的过去式代替。如：的过去式代替。如： I must finish my work today. I must finish my work t

6、oday.我今天必须完成我的工作。我今天必须完成我的工作。 You mustnt work all the time. You mustnt work all the time.你不能老是工作。你不能老是工作。 注意：注意： 在回答由在回答由must must 引起的问题时，肯定回答用引起的问题时，肯定回答用mustmust，否定回答用，否定回答用needntneednt或或dont / doesnt have todont / doesnt have to。如：。如： Must I go home now? Must I go home now? No, you neednt./Yes, y

7、ou must. No, you neednt./Yes, you must. 我必须现在回家吗？我必须现在回家吗？ 不，你不必。不，你不必。/ /是的，你必须回家。是的，你必须回家。英语新课标（RJ）专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词 4 4need need 是一个情态动词，是一个情态动词， 表示表示 “ “需要、必须需要、必须”。主要用于否定句和。主要用于否定句和疑问句中，否定形式为疑问句中，否定形式为needntneednt，表示，表示“没有必要、不必没有必要、不必”，用，用need need 提问时，提问时，肯定回答为肯定回答为mustmust，否定回答为，否定回答为 needn

8、tneednt。如：。如： Need we do some cleaning now? Need we do some cleaning now? Yes, you must./No Yes, you must./No，you neednt.you neednt. 我们现在需要打扫卫生吗？我们现在需要打扫卫生吗？ 是的，你们必须打扫。是的，你们必须打扫。/ /不，你们没必要。不，你们没必要。 need need 还可当做实义动词使用，还可当做实义动词使用， 这时这时 need need 结构为结构为 need to do need to do sthsth。如：如：I need to lear

9、n more I need to learn more 我需要学习更多。我需要学习更多。英语新课标（RJ）专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词 二、情态动词表推测二、情态动词表推测 情态动词中的情态动词中的must, can, could, may, mightmust, can, could, may, might都可表推测。其中都可表推测。其中mustmust的可能性最大，的可能性最大，can/couldcan/could次之，次之，may/mightmay/might最小。最小。 must must的用法：的用法： (1) (1)表示推测表示推测“可能性可能性”时，意思是时，意思是“一

10、定、准是一定、准是”，语气较肯定，语气较肯定，较有把握。如：较有把握。如： He must be American. He must be American.It is certain that he is American.It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。他准是个美国人。 He must be at home now, for the light is on. He must be at home now, for the light is on. 他现在一定在家，因为灯亮着。他现在一定在家，因为灯亮着。专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态

11、动词 (2)must(2)must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不一定不、肯定不”的的意思时，应用意思时，应用cantcant。如：。如： He must know my address. He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。他肯定知道我的地址。( (一定一定) ) He cant know my address. He cant know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。他肯定不知道我的地址。( (一定不一定不) ) (3)must (3)must表示推测时，可以推测正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作

12、。表示推测时，可以推测正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。 如：如：He must be at home now, for the light is on.He must be at home now, for the light is on. 他现在一定在家，因为灯亮着。他现在一定在家，因为灯亮着。英语新课标（RJ）专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词英语新课标（RJ） 专项训练单项填空单项填空( )1.The yellow coat_be Lindas because nobody like yellow except her. Acant Bcan Cmustnt Dmust( )2.Mu

13、st I_my camera, Lily? No, you_.Dont worry.Ill take one myself. Ato take; mustnt Btake; neednt Cto bring; neednt Dbring; mustnt 专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词( )3.Could you please come to the museum with me this afternoon?Sorry, I _.I have to take a piano lesson at 2 pm.Acouldnt BmustntCcant Dneednt( )4.You _ s

14、moke.You are only 14 and it isnt allowed.Amustnt Bdont have toCneednt Dwont英语新课标（RJ）专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词英语新课标（RJ）( ( )5.Shall I tell John about it?)5.Shall I tell John about it?No, you _.I told him just now.No, you _.I told him just now.A Aneednt neednt B BcantcantC Cmustnt mustnt D Dshouldntshouldnt

15、( ( )6.Listen! Is it Linda singing in the next room?)6.Listen! Is it Linda singing in the next room?No, it _ be No, it _ be her.Sheher.She is still in Shanghai. is still in Shanghai.A Acant cant B BcouldntcouldntC Cmay not may not D Dmight notmight notAA专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词英语新课标（RJ）( ( )7.Dad)7.Dad，m

16、ust I do my homework now?must I do my homework now?No.You_playNo.You_play games with your friends for a games with your friends for a little while little while. .A Awould would B BneedntneedntC Cmay may D Dmustmust( ( )8.Teachers dont think students need do so much homework, )8.Teachers dont think s

17、tudents need do so much homework, but they _ make students do a lot in the past.but they _ make students do a lot in the past.A Ahave to have to B BmustmustC Chad to had to D Dshould should C专题复习一专题复习一 情态动词情态动词英语新课标（RJ）英语新课标（RJ）专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态 重点解读 一、被动语态的构成和形式一、被动语态的构成和形式1 1构成：构成： 助动词助动词bebe及物动

18、词的及物动词的 过去分词。助动词过去分词。助动词bebe随着主随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。2 2形式：形式： 常见的被动语态形式如下常见的被动语态形式如下( (以以teachteach为例为例) )：(1)(1)一般现在时：一般现在时： am/ is/ aream/ is/ aretaught taught (2)(2)一般过去时：一般过去时： _ _taught taught (3)(3)一般将来时：一般将来时： will/ shallwill/ shall_ _taught taught (4)(4)含有情态动词：含有情态动词： 情态动

19、词情态动词bebetaughttaughtwas/werebe英语新课标（RJ）二、主动语态变被动语态的方法二、主动语态变被动语态的方法1 1把主动语态的变为被动语态的主语；把主动语态的变为被动语态的主语；2 2把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构 (be(be过去分词过去分词) )；3 3把主动语态中的主语放在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词byby之后作宾语，将主格改之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：为宾格。如：They They makemake the bikes in the factory. the bikes in the factory.The bikes The bikes ar

20、eare mademade by them in the factory. by them in the factory.宾语宾语专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态三、被动语态的特殊用法三、被动语态的特殊用法1 1不知道或在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，不知道或在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，“byby动作的执行者动作的执行者”可以省略。如：可以省略。如：I wont leave my office until my work isI wont leave my office until my work isfinished.finished.2 2不带不带toto的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主

21、动语态改为被动语态时，不的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，不定式前要加定式前要加 _。如：。如： They watched the children dance that morning.They watched the children dance that morning. The children were watched to dance that morning.The children were watched to dance that morning.英语新课标（RJ）专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态to 3 3主动语态表被动含义主动语态表被动含义feel

22、, look, appear, sound, taste, smellfeel, look, appear, sound, taste, smell等由实义动词演变而等由实义动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词来的系动词，后接形容词( (形容词形容词 / / 副词副词) )作表语，主动语态表被动作表语，主动语态表被动含义。如：含义。如：Tell me if you feel cold.Tell me if you feel cold.你要是感到冷就告诉我。你要是感到冷就告诉我。英语新课标（RJ）专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态英语新课标（RJ） 专项训练.把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改

23、为被动句1 1His mother told him not to waste time on surfing the Internet.His mother told him not to waste time on surfing the Internet._2 2Father gave me a toy at Christmas.Father gave me a toy at Christmas. _ _3 3This factory produces machine tools.This factory produces machine tools. _HeHe waswas told

24、told notnot toto wastewaste timetime onon surfingsurfing thethe InternetInternet ( (byby hishis mothermother) )I I waswas givengiven a a toytoy atat ChristmasChristmas ( (byby mymy fatherfather) )Machine tools are produced by this factory.专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态4 4They should do the work at once.They sh

25、ould do the work at once. _ _5 5The parents named the child Li Ling.The parents named the child Li Ling. _ _英语新课标（RJ）The child was named Li Ling (by the parents)The work should be done at once (by them)专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态英语新课标（RJ）.单项填空单项填空( )1.When I got to his office, I _ that he_ out.( )1.When I g

26、ot to his office, I _ that he_ out. A Atold; had been Btold; had been Bwas told; waswas told; was C Chad told; was Dhad told; was Dwas told; had beenwas told; had been( )2.The problem _ last week is very important.( )2.The problem _ last week is very important. A Awas discussed Bwas discussed Bdiscu

27、sseddiscussed C Cbeing discussed being discussed D D. be discussed. be discussedDB专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态英语新课标（RJ）( )3.It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.( )3.It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days. A Adesigned designed B Bhas been designedhas been designed C Cwill be designed

28、will be designed D Dwill have been designedwill have been designed( )4.She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her.( )4.She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A Ais takenis taken B Btakestakes C Cwill be taken will be taken D D. has taken. has takenCA专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态英语新课标（RJ）( )5.Have

29、 you moved into the new flat? ( )5.Have you moved into the new flat? Not yet. The room_. Not yet. The room_. A Ahas been painted Bhas been painted Bis paintedis painted C Cpaints Dpaints Dis being paintedis being painted( )6.A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.( )6.A great number

30、 of colleges and universities _since 1949. A Ahas been establishhas been establish B Bhave been establishedhave been established C Chave establishedhave established D Dhad been establishedhad been establishedDB专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态英语新课标（RJ）( )7.Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because

31、( )7.Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because wewe _if we leave it here._if we leave it here. A Awould be would be fined Bfined Bwill be finedwill be fined C Cwill being will being fine Dfine Dwill have been finedwill have been fined( )8.You ought to have put the milk in the refriger

32、ator; now ( )8.You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator; now _sour._sour. A AI smell I smell B Bit is smelt it is smelt C Cit smells it smells D Dit is smelling it is smelling BC专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态英语新课标（RJ）( )9.Drivers_to drink, or they will be dangerous. ( )9.Drivers_to drink, or they wil

33、l be dangerous. A Ashouldnt be allowedshouldnt be allowed B Bshould be allowedshould be allowed C Cshould allowedshould allowed D Dshouldnt allowedshouldnt allowed( )10.The old should _ by their children and be ( )10.The old should _ by their children and be respected byrespected by the the society.

34、society. A Acare for care for B Bcared forcared for C Cbe cared be cared D Dbe cared for be cared for AD专题复习二专题复习二 被动语态被动语态英语新课标（RJ）英语新课标（RJ）专题复习三专题复习三 定语从句定语从句 重点解读 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的(1)_ (1)_ (前面前面/ /后面后面) )。引导定语从句的关系词有关

35、系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(that, which, who(宾格宾格whomwhom，所有格，所有格whose)whose)等，关系副词包括等，关系副词包括where, where, when, whywhen, why等。关系代词和关系副词一方面起连接作用，一方面起指代等。关系代词和关系副词一方面起连接作用，一方面起指代作用，代替先行词在定语从句中担任句子成分。作用，代替先行词在定语从句中担任句子成分。后面英语新课标（RJ） 一、关系代词的用法一、关系代词的用法 1 1that that

36、既可以用于指人，也可以用于指既可以用于指人，也可以用于指(2)_(2)_。在从句。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语则可省略。如：中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语则可省略。如： Rose likes music that is quiet and gentle. Rose likes music that is quiet and gentle.罗斯喜欢轻柔罗斯喜欢轻柔的音乐。的音乐。(that(that作主语作主语) ) The coat (that) I put on the desk is red. The coat (that) I put on the desk

37、is red.我放在桌子上的我放在桌子上的那件外套是红色的。那件外套是红色的。(that(that作宾语作宾语) )物专题复习三专题复习三 定语从句定语从句2 2whichwhich用于指用于指(3)_(3)_，在从句中作主语或宾语，作，在从句中作主语或宾语，作(4)_(4)_不不可省略，作可省略，作(5)_(5)_可省略。如：可省略。如： The building which stands near the train station is a The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. superma

38、rket. 耸立在火车站附近的那座建筑是一家超市。耸立在火车站附近的那座建筑是一家超市。(which (which 作主语作主语) ) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨晚看的那部电影非常棒。我们昨晚看的那部电影非常棒。(which (which 作宾语作宾语) )英语新课标（RJ）专题复习三专题复习三 定语从句定语从句物主语宾语 3 3whowho和和whomwhom用于指用于指(6) _(6) _，who who 用作主

39、语，用作主语，whomwhom用作用作 (7)_ (7)_。在口语中，有时可用。在口语中，有时可用whowho代替代替whomwhom，也可省略。如：，也可省略。如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常帮助我英语的那个女孩来自英格兰。经常帮助我英语的那个女孩来自英格兰。(who (who 作主语作主语) ) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is t

40、alking to? Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 和李明谈话的那个老师是谁？和李明谈话的那个老师是谁？(whom(whom作宾语作宾语) )英语新课标（RJ）专题复习三专题复习三 定语从句定语从句人宾语 二、关系词只能用二、关系词只能用thatthat的情况的情况 1 1先行词被序数词或形容词先行词被序数词或形容词(8)_(8)_所修饰，所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用thatthat，而不能用而不能用whichwhich。如：。如： He was the

41、first person that passed the exam. He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。他是第一个通过考试的人。英语新课标（RJ）专题复习三专题复习三 定语从句定语从句最高级 2 2先行词是先行词是allall，anyany，muchmuch，manymany，everythingeverything，anythinganything，nonenone，the onethe one等不定代词时，只能用等不定代词时，只能用thatthat，而不能用，而不能用whichwhich。如：。如： Is t

42、here anything that you want to buy in the shop? Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？店里有什么东西要买吗？ 3 3先行词被先行词被the onlythe only，the verythe very，the samethe same，the lastthe last，littlelittle，few few 等词修饰时，只能用等词修饰时，只能用thatthat，而不能用，而不能用whichwhich。如：。如： This is the same b

43、ike that I lost. This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 4 4先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用thatthat，而不能用，而不能用whichwhich。如：。如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.the room.我能清楚记得我在

44、那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。英语新课标（RJ）专题复习三专题复习三 定语从句定语从句英语新课标（RJ） 专项训练用适当的关系代词用适当的关系代词(that(that，whichwhich，whowho，whose)whose)填空填空1 1Do you know the boy _ wears glasses?Do you know the boy _ wears glasses?2 2He is the first man _has been on the moon.He is the first man _has been on the mo

45、on.3 3The girl _ name is Lily is my friend.The girl _ name is Lily is my friend.4 4Can you see the tree _ is beside the river?Can you see the tree _ is beside the river?5 5This is the nicest meal _ I have eaten.This is the nicest meal _ I have eaten.6 6The animals _ are kept in the cage are poor.The

46、 animals _ are kept in the cage are poor.7 7You can find anything _you like in this store.You can find anything _you like in this store.8 8The people and the ship _ disappeared in the storm The people and the ship _ disappeared in the storm have have notnot been found yet. been found yet.专题复习三专题复习三

47、定语从句定语从句who/thatthatwhosethat/whichthatwhich/thatthatthat英语新课标（RJ）英语新课标（RJ）专题复习四 宾语从句 重点解读 置于动词、介词等词后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。置于动词、介词等词后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。 一、宾语从句的引导词一、宾语从句的引导词 1 1陈述句作宾语从句时，用陈述句作宾语从句时，用thatthat引导，且引导，且thatthat可以可以 _。如：。如：We knew (that) we should learn from each other.We knew (that) we should lear

48、n from each other. 2 2一般疑问句作宾语从句时，用引导词一般疑问句作宾语从句时，用引导词_或或whetherwhether。如：。如：Please tell me if/ whether you have been to America.Please tell me if/ whether you have been to America. 3 3特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，用原句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，用原句的 _( (如：如：what, what, when, which, wherewhen, which, where等等) )引导。如：引导。如： Do you kno

49、w what his name is? Do you know what his name is?省略省略if疑问词疑问词英语新课标（RJ）二、宾语从句的语序二、宾语从句的语序 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变。一般疑问句和特殊疑问句陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变。一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序要变为变为宾语从句，语序要变为 _语序。如：语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was a

50、n honest boy.said (that) he was an honest boy. Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/ whether Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/ whether he works hard.he works hard. When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.he left.陈述陈述专题复习四

51、宾语从句三、宾语从句的时态三、宾语从句的时态 1如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard(that)he will come back next week. 2如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用_ 的某种时态。如：的某种时态。如： He said(that)there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句

52、是什么时态，从句都要用什么时态，从句都要用_。如：。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.英语新课标（RJ）专题复习四 宾语从句过去一般现在时英语新课标（RJ） 专项训练. .把下列句子改成含有宾语从句的复合句把下列句子改成含有宾语从句的复合句1 1MrMr Smith says Smith says，“ “Jim wasnt here yesterday.”Jim wasnt here yesterday.” MrMr Smith says _. Smith says _.2 2What does he mean? Do y

53、ou know?What does he mean? Do you know? Do you know _ Do you know _？3 3Can they finish the work? Im not sure.Can they finish the work? Im not sure. Im not sure _. Im not sure _.专题复习四 宾语从句Jim wasnt here yesterdaywhat he meansif/ whether they can finish the work4 4Where will they meet? They talked abo

54、ut.Where will they meet? They talked about. TheyThey talked about talked about _5 5Who has beaten Mike? We wanted to know.Who has beaten Mike? We wanted to know. WeWe wanted to know wanted to know _.英语新课标（RJ）专题复习四 宾语从句where they would meetwho had beaten Mike英语新课标（RJ）.单项填空单项填空( )1. I dont know_.( )1.

55、 I dont know_. A Ahow often he visits his grandparentshow often he visits his grandparents B Bhow soon will he come backhow soon will he come back C Chow many students are there in his classhow many students are there in his class D Dhow long is the bridge how long is the bridge ( )2. I cant forget

56、the time _ the earthquake happened( )2. I cant forget the time _ the earthquake happened in in YushuYushu. . A Awhenwhen B Bwhichwhich C Cthat Dthat DwherewhereAA专题复习四 宾语从句英语新课标（RJ）( )3. We can use QQ to communicate with each other online.( )3. We can use QQ to communicate with each other online. Go

57、od.WillGood.Will you please show me_. you please show me_. A Awhich to use Bwhich to use Bhow to use ithow to use it C Cwhat to use what to use D Dwhere to use itwhere to use it( )4. We never know _ he is.( )4. We never know _ he is. They say he is a doctor. They say he is a doctor. A Awhom whom B B

58、whatwhat C Cwhich which D DwherewhereBB专题复习四 宾语从句英语新课标（RJ）英语新课标（RJ）专题复习五 现在完成时 重点解读 现在完成时指过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或现在完成时指过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。结果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 1 1构成方法：构成方法： have / hashave / has过去分词过去分词( (过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。特殊变化参看课本附录过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。特殊变化参看课本附录) )

59、2 2用法：用法： (1) (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，可以与表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，可以与just, just, already, yet, recentlyalready, yet, recently等时间状语连用。如：等时间状语连用。如： I have seen the film already. I have seen the film already.我已经看过那部电影了。我已经看过那部电影了。( (现在我现在我知道电影的内容了知道电影的内容了) )英语新课标（RJ）(2)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。表示从过去某一时刻

60、开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与常与“sincesince时间点时间点”/“for/“for时间段时间段”/how long/(ever) /how long/(ever) since/ever/before/so far/in the since/ever/before/so far/in the last(pastlast(past) few years/up ) few years/up to now/till nowto now/till now等时间状语连用。如：等时间状语连用。如： Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few