语法复习专项

1、语法复习语法复习三大从句三大从句（定语从句；名词性从句；状语从句）（定语从句；名词性从句；状语从句）四大动词四大动词（动词的时态和语态；动词短语；情态（动词的时态和语态；动词短语；情态动词及虚拟语气；非谓语动词）动词及虚拟语气；非谓语动词）特殊句式特殊句式（倒装；强调；省略）（倒装；强调；省略）情态动词情态动词Can/could表能力表能力表请求允许表请求允许肯定句中肯定句中“有时会有时会”It can be very cold in the mountains./He can be really difficult to deal with sometimes.否定、疑问推测否定、疑问推测

2、cant help doing sth.情不自禁做情不自禁做/cant help to do sth.不能帮忙做不能帮忙做/cant (help) but do 只好做只好做sth./cant/can nevertoo/over/enough再。也不为过再。也不为过May/might表示请求允许表示请求允许肯定、否定推测肯定、否定推测祝愿祝愿May you succeed.祝你成功祝你成功may well do sth.很可能做很可能做/may/might as well do sth.不妨做不妨做must表表“必须，应该必须，应该”肯定推测肯定推测偏偏，偏要，常用于疑问句偏偏，偏要，常用于疑

3、问句和条件句和条件句If you must do sth./Why must you do sth.?shall一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求意见一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求意见二、三人称陈述句，二、三人称陈述句，表示命令、允诺、警告、威胁、（法律、法规、条约的）规定、表示命令、允诺、警告、威胁、（法律、法规、条约的）规定、决心决心should 应该应该 按道理说应该按道理说应该 竟然竟然 万一万一 用于虚拟语气中用于虚拟语气中will/would第二人称表征求意见第二人称表征求意见表示表示“意愿意愿”表示功能倾向表示功能倾向The door wont/wouldnt open/lock/shu

4、t.表示习惯性的动作表示习惯性的动作need/dare 实义动词常用于肯定句实义动词常用于肯定句need/dare to do sth./dont need to do sth./dont dare (to) do sth.情态动词常用语否定句、疑问句、条件句有情态动词常用语否定句、疑问句、条件句有need/dare(d) (not) do sth.情态动词情态动词+have done 1)表示对过去动作的推测表示对过去动作的推测must/may/might have done 肯定推测肯定推测can/could have done 疑问推测疑问推测may not/might not/cant

5、/couldnt have done sth.否定推测否定推测2)表示虚拟表示虚拟might have done 本可以做却未做本可以做却未做could have done本能够做却未做本能够做却未做should/ought to have done本应该做却未做本应该做却未做shouldnt/ought not to have done本不应该做却做了本不应该做却做了neednt have done本没必要做却做了本没必要做却做了注意点：注意点：无无mustnt have done和和need have doneneednt have done本没必要做却做了本没必要做却做了didnt ne

6、ed to do本没必要做，实际也未做本没必要做，实际也未做might have done/could have done既可表推测也可表虚拟既可表推测也可表虚拟虚拟语气虚拟语气主语从句中主语从句中It is a pity/a shame/important/necessary/strange/suggested/required/ordered that sb. should do sth.宾语从句中宾语从句中would rather (that) sb. had done过去过去/did/were 现在现在/将来将来if only/wish that sb. had done过去过去/di

7、d/were现在现在/would/could/might do将来将来“命令命令”order, command, “建议建议”suggest, advise, propose, recommend, “要求要求”require, request, demand, urge, insist, ask”等词后面的名词性从句中要使用虚拟语气，等词后面的名词性从句中要使用虚拟语气，that sb. (should ) sth.表语从句中表语从句中My suggestion/requirement/order is that sb. should do sth.同位语从句中同位语从句中I put for

8、ward a suggestion/requirement/ order that sb. should do sth定语从句中定语从句中It is (high/about) time that sb. should do sth./did sth.状语从句中状语从句中if 虚拟条件句：虚拟条件句：倒装式；错综虚拟；含蓄虚拟倒装式；错综虚拟；含蓄虚拟with/without/but for/or/otherwiseas if/though sb. had done过去过去/did/were现在现在/would/could/might do将来将来从句从句主句主句过去 had donewould

9、/could/should/might have done现在现在 did/werewould/could/should/might do将来将来 did/should do/were to dowould/could/should/might doHad sb. done sth., sb. would have done sth.Were sb. to do sth., sb. would do sth.Should sb. do sth., sb. would do sth. 1.If Paul had received six more votes in the last electi

10、on, he _ our chairman now.A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 2. Any living thing_ without water.A. would die B. will die C. should die D. may die3. He reminds me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.M8U3 Grammar全部倒装全部倒装1.There goes the bell! /Here comes the bus./Now comes

11、your turn./Away went the thief./ Away he went. /Look, there come the rest of our guests.2. At the foot of the hill lies a lake./stand many trees. 3. Gone are the days when women were looked down upon. 4. Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers. 5. Present at the meeting are ma

12、ny experts.6. Such is the story he told me./Such are the results.here/there/now/then/up/down/in/out/away/off+谓谓语语+主语主语 （不用进行时；代词不倒装）（不用进行时；代词不倒装）介词短语置于句首介词短语置于句首+谓语谓语+主语主语 表语前置（表语前置（doing/done/形容词形容词/代词代词such)+谓语谓语+主语主语 M8U3 Grammar部分倒装部分倒装1.If 虚拟语气条件句中，省略虚拟语气条件句中，省略if, 将将had, should, were提前，提前，not不

13、不可以提前。可以提前。Had sb. done sth., sb. would have done sth.Were sb. to do sth., sb. would do sth.Should sb. do sth., sb. would do sth.Had he worked harder, he would have passed the examShould you do the experiment carefully, you would makediscoveries others wouldnt make.Were he to leave today, he would g

14、et there by friday.There is a possibility that these hens could be frightenedand lay fewer eggs should there be a sudden loud noise.2. so/neither/nor+情情/系系/助助+主语，主语， 表示表示“也也”；so+主语主语+情情/系系/助，助，表示表示“的确，确实的确，确实”-My room gets very cold at night.-_.A. So does mine B. So is mineIf you dont go there, neit

15、her will I.-David has made great progress recently.-So he has and so have you.3. 当句首状语为否定词当句首状语为否定词seldom, never, few, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere；否定短语；否定短语in no case/way; by no means; on no account/condition; at no time; under no circumstances；否定句；否定句式式not until, not onlybut also; hardlywhen;

16、 no soonerthan 时时 Hardly had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth.No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth.Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons.Not

17、until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.4. only+状语状语 置于句首时，主句要部分倒装置于句首时，主句要部分倒装Only in this way can you succeed.Only after he has finished the homework is he allowed to go out and play.特例：特例：Only he knew the truth.Only a few mistakes he made.5. n./adj./v.原形原形/adv.+as/though+主语主语+谓语，表

18、示谓语，表示“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”Child as he is, he knows a lot.Young as he is, he is very successful.Try as you may, you wont succeed.Much as I liked it, I couldnt afford it.Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class.6. 在在So+adj./adv./Such+n.that结构中结构中,当当so/such位于句首时，主位于句首时

19、，主句要部分倒装。句要部分倒装。So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.So excited was the champion that he didnt know what to say beforethe reporters.So much of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply runout of time before seeing it all.So fast did he run that I could not catch

20、up with him.So hard has he worked that he has made great progress in English.Such a noble person is he that we all respect him. Such is the gravity of the situation that we cant underlie the importance of public attention enough. 7. may置于句首表示祝愿置于句首表示祝愿May you succeed.May you be healthy.May you live

21、long.8. 频度状语置于句首频度状语置于句首Many a time has Bob given me good advice.强调句型强调句型1. What was it that made him so angry?2. I dont know what it was that made him so angry./Do you know what it was that made him so angry?3. It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.4. It is that he

22、often fails in exams that made his parents worried about him.5. It was in the school which was built with stones by his father that he spent his childhood.6. It was because he was ill that he didnt come. 7.-Where did you meet your wife?-It was on the farm where we worked (that I met my wife).8. It is a fact/is common sense/is a pity/strange/necessary/said/suggested /seems/happens that9. It wil