四级翻译攻略3

1、五、虚拟语气I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself. Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). I had had your opportunities when I was you

2、ng （考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）he had known this disease is curable （考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法与 I wish基本相同）painted it blue, and without any decorations （考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams （考点：Its (about/high) time 后的th

3、at从句中用过去式，表示“该是的时候了”）as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly（考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有： ask, propose, su

4、ggest, urge consent, insist 等 The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 但注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. she insists that she is right. she insisted that I should finish the work at once. 或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 主语从句中的

5、虚拟语气 “It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that”结构中的虚拟语气 使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should 动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should） 在It is 名词that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice ，decision ，desire ， pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ， requirement，resolution，shame

6、，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。 It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad我建议派他去国外进一步学习。 条件句中的虚拟语气 表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为： 从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + 主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ 主句：主语+ would (should, could, might)

7、+ have +过去完成式动词+ 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ should (或were to) + 动词原形+ 主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+ 六、不定式It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼). It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民). The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). Mr. Gre

8、en was wondering _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子). to complete a 24-story building in 10 months （考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）for us to have a good nights sleep before the test（考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area（考点：有时用“介词of +

9、 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，not to punish those students who had been late for class（考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）whether to visit their son in France（考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。七、分词This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).The cars _(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed. The war

10、went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命). The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了15%). Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理). “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian（考点：分词作宾语补语; catch, feel, find, have, hear, leave, make, notice, see, watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语）parked in the fire lane（考点：

11、分词作定语）killing thousands upon thousands of people（考点：分词作结果状语） raising the average yield by 15 percent （考点：同上）trying to deduce its operating principle（考点：分词作伴随状语） 八、动名词_(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good. They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情). Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场). It is no use

12、 _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣). He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷). Taking a cold bath every day（考点：动名词作主语）making their daughter do what she didnt like to do （考点：动名词作动词的宾语）getting our goods into the international market（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）crying over spilled milk （考点：动名词用于固定结构.)having peeked at his neighbors test paper（考点：动名词的完成式）九、非谓语

13、动词用法区别Success means _(非常努力地工作). John meant _(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障). I heard him _(在跟他的母亲谈话). I heard him _(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时). He jumped into the pool to save the child _(结果却摔断了自己的腿). working very hard. （考点：mean表示“意味着”）to drive there, but his car broke down （考点：mean表示“打算”; 类似需要区别的动词还有forget, regret, go on, stop

14、等）talking to his mother （考点：强调正在进行）talk to his mother for an hour （考点：强调整个过程）only to break his own leg （考点：意料之外的结果）十、名词从句_(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. _(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. _(这么做是故意的) became obvious. It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责). It is none of your business _(玛丽与谁订婚).

15、 Why they left their hometown for Yunnan（考点：主语从句）What confused me most（考点：同上）That this was done on purpose（考点：同上）who should be responsible for this matter（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语）whom Mary is engaged to（考点：同上）十一、定语从句Everyday many tourists come to visit _(鲁迅出生的那栋房子). The old lady died _(在她儿子到达的那天). T

16、his is _(我赞成这一改革的理由). Let ABC be _(一个三边不等长的三角形). Some of the roads were flooded, _(这使我们的旅程更为艰难). the house where Lu Xun was born（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）on the day when his son arrived（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）the reason why I am in favor of this reform （考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导）a triangle whose t

17、hree sides are of unequal length （考点：whose引导的定语从句）which made our journey more difficult（考点：非限制性定语从句） 十二、状语从句_(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion. _(不管哪一方获胜), I shall be satisfied._(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply. We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景). Th

18、e problem so very complicated _(花了我们两个周才解决). Whatever we talk about （考点：让步状语从句）Whichever side wins（考点：同上）However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him（考点：同上）so that we might get a better view （考点：目的状语从句）that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it （考点：结果状语从句）十三、比较级最高级Does she dance _(跟

19、她姐姐一样地优美)? The buildings look _(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多). This is _(他画的最好的画之一). The higher you climb, _(空气就越稀薄). as gracefully as her sister（考点：同级比较）far uglier in London than here （考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级）one of the best pictures that he has ever painted （考点：最高级）the thinner the air becomes（考点：“越越”结构） 原级比较一般用 as as ; no

20、t as as ; the same as 特殊结构 A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 比较级常用结构 A + 比较级 + than + B 特殊结构：the more the more (越越)； more and more （越来越） 以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to 而不是than 如：superior , senior 等 最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较。比较的范围表示地方用介词in; 表示所属关系和人物比较用介词 of。( 即the +最高级in /of ) 在 mo

21、re than 结构中，than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than what如： This hotel is far more luxurious than is necessary. 几组由 “more than ；more than” 和“no / not 比较级”等组成的固定结构及其含义 more than 意为：“不仅仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多 more than 意为：“与其说不如说，不是而是” no more than 强调少，意为“只有，不过，仅仅” not more than 客观叙述，意为“不超过” no more than 意为“A与B都不；不，也不” not

22、more than 表示程度上的差异 no less than = as much as 意为：“竟有之多，多达”，强调多 not less than 意为“不少于，至少”，为客观的描述 no less than 前后均为肯定，意为：“正是，和一样, 多达，应有之多” 十四、倒装句Scarcely had she fallen asleep _(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒). No sooner had Anne arrived _(就生病了).The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).Only then _(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).Only when you adjust down your price _(我们才能做成这笔买卖).when a knock a