外研版新标准八下Module3-8知识点整理

1、Module3 Journey to spaceUnit 11. What are you up to? = What are you doing ? up to:忙于2. 1) just: 刚刚，用于现在完成时，位于助动词后，实义动词前。The train has just left. 2) just now = a moment ago 刚才，常与一般过去时连用，位于句末。I saw an old friend just now.3. yet: 1) 用于现在完成时的疑问句中，位于句末，意为“已经”。 Have you finished your homework yet? 2) 用于现在

2、完成时的否定句中，位于句末，意为“还没有”，notyet I have not seen the film yet. 我还没看过这部电影。 already:已经，用于现在完成时的肯定句中，位于助动词has / have后,有时位于句末。 I have already finished my homework. I have seen the film already.注意：already与yet的两种句型的转换例如：I have already finished my homework. (变为否定句) I havent finish my homework yet. 4. the lates

3、t news: 最新的消息5. Thats why: 那就是的原因 why在此引导的是表语从句。 My bike was broken. Thats why I was late for school.6. discover: 发现本已存在的客观事物、科学上的新发现。 Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。7. 1) no one = nobody 没有人, 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，只指人，不能指物。 No one likes this kind of book. 2) None: 可以接of短语，既可以指人也可以指物。None of the coa

4、ts is red.注意：no one是用来回答who的提问，none是用来回答how many的提问 8. in order to do sth.:为了做某事,表目的，可与so as to do sth，in order that相互转换。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. = He got up early so as to catch the first bus. =He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus. 9. 1) one day: 某一天（过

5、去/ 将来），用过去/ 将来时 Ill realize my dream one day 2) some day: 某一天 （将来），用一般将来时 Ill travel around the world some day. 3) The other day: 几天前（过去），用一般过去时 I met an old friend in the street the other day.Unit 2 1. there be 就近原则：be 动词与和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 there be 的一般将来时结构为：there will be 或There is / are going to

6、be There is a bank and some pens on the desk. There will be / is going to be a football match tomorrow.2. on the earth: 在地球上 on earth: 究竟、世界上 Who on earth won the match?3. go around: 围绕运行 The earth goes around the sun.4. a group of: 一群/ 组，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 She has a group of friends. 5. possible:可能的 i

7、mpossible:不可能的 polite:礼貌的 impolite:不礼貌的6. adj. / adv. + enough to do sth.: Your brother is old enough to go to school. This book isnt easy enough for me to read.7. 介词短语作状语。 With a smile on her face, she came in.8. alone: adj. 独自的、单独的 adv. 单独地、独自地 lonely: adj. 孤独的、寂寞的 He lives alone, but he doesnt fe

8、el lonely.9. communicate with sb.: 与某人交流 n. communication交流 We need to communicate with our parents at home.语法：1. 现在完成时常与already, yet, just, before, recently等词连用。 She has just arrived in China. I havent seen him recently. We have seen the film before.2. 现在完成时常与ever, never, twice 等连用。 Have you ever b

9、een to Beijing? I have been to Guilin twice.话题写作： 随着时代的进步、科技的发展，人们的生活发生了日新月异的变化。未来的生活将会是什么样子的呢？谁都无法预料。请发挥想象，谈一谈未来的日子里，将有哪些不可思议的变化。如：很多事情由机器人或计算机完成、在家购物、足不出户旅行请以“The life we cant imagine”为题写一篇短文。The life we cant imagine What do you think of the life in the future will be like? In the future there wil

10、l be more computers in our houses. Computers will help us to know a lot about the world. We will be able to talk by e-mail. Scientists will make many robots. Robots can help us do the cleaning, cooking and washing. We can do some shopping or see a doctor without going out of our houses. The life in

11、the future will be very good. For this, we will study hard and turn our ideas into reality. I believe we will be able to do this.Module 4 Seeing the doctorUnit 11. How can I help you? = What can I do for you? 有什么事？2. ill: 作为疾病这一含义只作表语 Tom was ill yesterday. He has been ill for 4 days. sick: 可作表语或定语

12、The mother is looking after her sick son.3. My head hurts. = I have got a headache.= I have a pain in my head. 我头痛。（为了避免失分，孩子们考试中请使用have或者have got!）4. have / catch a cold: 感冒 have a bad cold:患重感冒 have a high / lowfever:发高 / 低烧 have a cough: 咳嗽 have a toothache:牙痛5. take ones temperature: 给某人量体温 Have

13、 you taken your temperature?6. exercise: 1) 锻炼、运动，为不可数名词。 We should do / tale some exercise every day. 2) 练习、作业、体操，为可数名词。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. (再强调一次，早操是是可数的！别再问为什么了！哎！) I have two exercises to do today.7. since: 1) 作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时。现在完成时 + since +句子（一般过去时）He has liv

14、ed here since he was 10 . 2) 作介词，后跟时间点（点时间的概念自行脑补） She has worked here since 2010.for: 计、达，后跟一段时间（时间段） I have worked here for 14 years.8. 1) be harmful to = be bad for 对有害Smoking is harmful to you. = Smoking is bad for you. 2) do harm to sb. / sth.: 伤害某人 / 某物Staying up late does harm to our body. 3)

15、 Its harmful to do sth.: 做某事是有害的 Its harmful to read in the sun.9. once a week: 一周一次 twice a year:一年两次 这些表示频率的短语，对其提问用how often. - How often do you go swimming? - Three times a week.10. 提问一段时间用how long. - How long have you been in Guilin? - For three years.Unit 21. I feel well. 我感觉身体好。 well= fine 2.

16、 active: adj. 积极的、活跃的 Tony was very active at the party last night. take an active part in: 积极参加 Tony always takes an active part in the English club.activity: n 复数 activities (考过若干次！)3. by: 介词，通过 by doing sth.:通过某各方式 My sister learns English by listening to English songs.4. Mr. Green bought the car

17、 last year. (改为现在完成时的句子) Mr. Green has had the car for a year.5. feel / keep healthy = feel / keep fit 感到/ 保持健康6. take part in = join in 参加活动 join in the discussion / the sports meeting join: 加入党派、团体、组织，成为其中一员 join the army / the Party join sb. in sth. / doing sth.: Will you join us in playing baske

18、tball?7. be in excellent condition: 健康状况很好 be in trouble:处于困境 He is in trouble and needs our help. （当然out of condition就是健康状况不好）8. for / in the last few weeks / months / years: 在过去的几周 / 月/ 年里，常与现在完成时连用。 I have learnt lots of English words in the last few weeks.9. sleepy adj. 欲睡的、想睡的 I often feel slee

19、py in class. asleep adj. 睡着的、睡熟的 fall asleep:入睡、睡着 I felt sleepy and fell asleep soon. sleeping adj 供睡觉使用的 sleeping bag 睡袋10. daily = everyday adj. 日常的、天天的 in daily life:在日常生活中11. weak: 虚弱的、弱的 Tom is a little weak. be weak in: 在方面差 I am weak in maths but good at Chinese.12. feel awful: 感到不舒服 The wea

20、ther is awful / terrible today. 极坏的、坏透了13. all over: 浑身、到处 Im black and white all over. 我浑身青一块紫一块。 all over 指“遍布”与around 同义：all over the world = all around the world14. too + adj. to do sth.: 太而不能做某事，可以与not enough to do sth 及 Sothat的否定结构互换。 His brother is too young to join the army. = His brother is

21、 not old enough to join the army. = His brother is so young that he cant join the army.语法：（如果想接段时间，例如经常出现的for+一段时间，一定要把动词变化成横线后面的状态才可以）短暂性动词转换成延续性动词。 buy have / own borrow keep begin / start be on go be away die be dead join be in / be a member of leave be away marry be married return be back open b

22、e open go there be there come here be here get to know know catch a cold have a cold put on wear / be onI have borrowed the book. I have kept that book for two months.How long have you had the camera?话题写作：假如你是Tom,你在美国的朋友Tony生病了，请你写一封电子邮件，并告诉他做如下事情：see a doctor; eat healthy food; have more fruit and

23、vegetables; get enough sleep; stay happy.Dear Tony,Im sorry to hear you are ill. You have a fever and had a headache. You should see a doctor first. Then you drink more water, eat healthy food, and have more fruit and vegetables. You should get enough sleep and stay happy. You shouldnt study when yo

24、u are too tired. Its not good for your health. I hope youll be better soon.Best wishes!Yours,TomModule 5 Cartoon storiesUnit 11. 1) Its time to do sth. = Its time for sth. 该做某事的时候了 Its time to have lunch. = Its time for lunch. Its time to go to school. = Its time for school. 2) Its time for sb. to d

25、o sth.: 该到某人做某事的时候了。 Its time for us to have a rest. 3) There is no time to do sth. 没时间做某事。There is no time to have breakfast.注：我们做题易错：I have a good time doing sth2. 穿过：You must be careful when you walk across the road. The river runs through the city. The moonlight goes through the window and makes

26、 the room bright.注：拼写容易混淆：through 穿过（一定带r） though 虽然（不带r）至于容易写成thought(think的过去式的就不能原谅了) 3.fight: 1) fight sb.: 打某人 Dont fight the other students. 2) fight with / against sb.: 与打架、同并肩作战 Tom is fighting with Tony in the classroom. 3) fight for: 为而战（和平、自由、国家） They fight for peace / freedom / their cou

27、ntry. 4) have a fight with sb. = fight with sb. 与某人打架4. climb up: 往上爬、爬上 They need to climb up the trees with ladders.5. someone: 某人、有人，多用于肯定句中，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 否定或疑问句中用anyone. In the dark someone was following her. I cant find anyone to help me.6. 1) keep doing sth.: 一直做某事 The little baby keeps cryi

28、ng all night. 2) keep sb. / sth. + adj.: 使处于某种状态Keep your hands clean. Keep your eyes closed. 3) keep sb. doing sth.: 使某人一直做某事 Im sorry to keep you waiting for 2 hours. 4) keep + adj.: 保持 keep healthy / clean （包括我们常用的make sb healthy, 别再写成health了！）7. 否定转移：从句中的否定习惯上转移到主句上，类似的词有believe, guess, think等。

29、I dont think he will come. 我认为他不会来 I dont believe he is right. 我认为他不对8. cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 He couldnt help crying when he heard the news.9. protect sb. / sth. from / against sth.: 保护某人/ 某物免受的伤害。 Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun. （做主语，一定是ing形式） Parents try to protect

30、their children from danger.10. lesson: 课、教训 teach sb. a lesson:给某人一个教训 Its a lesson to us all. 这对我们大家来说是个教训。Unit 21. win the heart of sb.: 赢得某人的喜欢 Beijing Opera wins the hearts of the old people. （很多人，心不是一颗，复数复数！） She won the heart of everyone in the theatre.2. everywhere = here and there 到处、处处 Her

31、books are everywhere. anywhere: 任何地方 You can go anywhere interesting if you like.3. 1) lead sb. to do sth.: 带领某人做某事 He leads his team to fight against the enemy. 2) lead to:通向、导致 All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马。I dont think it will lead to a good result.4. be in a mess: 混乱 make a mess: 弄乱、搞糟 What a

32、mess! 多么混乱啊！5. except: 1) expect to do sth.: 期望做某事 I expect to pass the exam. 2) expect sb. to do sth.:期望某人做某事 Everyone expected us to win the match but we lost. 3) expect sth.: He is expecting her letter.6. experience: 经历（可数名词） Please tell us your experiences in America. 经验（不可数名词） He is a man of ri

33、ch / much experience.He has rich experience in this kind if work.7. copy: 1) n. 一本、一册（可数名词） He is reading a copy of the daily newspaper. 2) v. 复制、抄袭 Dont copy Toms homework. Would you copy this letter for me ,please?8. 表示某人多大岁生日时，用序数词；表示年龄时用基数词。 Today is Linglings tenth / 10th birthday. （序数词前面有修饰时，t

34、he不要再用了啊！） Lingling is ten years old.9. own: 1) adj. 自己的 ones own:某人自己的 This is my own bike. I bought a big house on my own. (是靠自己买的大house!) 2) v. 拥有 He owns three houses.10. private adj. 私人的，个人的 private car:私家车 private house / letter Personal adj. 个人的（个人的感情、情绪、情感） personal feeling：个人感觉注：private更强调私

35、人占有，personal强调个人具有，孩子们用心体会一下差异11. 1) satisfy: v. 使满意、满足 We always satisfy our customers with good service. 顾客 2) be satisfied with sth.: 对感到满意 （黑体字还不会书写的请罚写50遍！老师也想不出啥好办法记住这个单词了！每次都会有人错！） She is satisfied with her sons answer.12. 1) A as well as B: 不仅而且，既又，还，强调的是前者，翻译时先译后者，再译前者；谓语动词与as well as前的主语保持

36、一致（就远原则），和with用法相似。 Toms parents as well as Tom like swimming. He speaks English as well as Chinese. 他不仅会说汉语还会说英语。 2) not only but also: 不仅而且，强调的是后者（就近原则）Not only you but also your brother is very kind to me.She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅演奏得好，还会作曲。话题写作：守株待兔a Passive Attitude Onc

37、e upon a time there was a farmer who worked hard. One day when he was hoeing, he suddenly heard a low sound “peng”. He turned and hurried to the tree. He found a rabbit dying. He picked up the rabbit and was excited. Then he said to himself, “Why cant I wait for more rabbits here? Its cool under the

38、 tree.”So he dropped off his hoe and waited there. But day after day,there were no more rabbits coming. What was worse, all his crops were dead.Module 6 HobbiesUnit 11. a little + 不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 There is only a little meat in the fridge. a bit of + 不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 I need a bit of water. a bit +形容词或比较级

39、I am a little tired. 2. have a look:看一看，后跟宾语时，要加介词at. have a look at = look at Have a look at the picture. = Look at the picture.3. most of + 代词宾格 或 most of + 限定词 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的数由most后面的代词或名词决定。 Most of my storybooks are very interesting. Most of us like English. Most of her money was stolen. 她的大部分钱

40、被偷了。4. must:表示肯定的推测，“一定、肯定”。表示否定的推测时用cant, “不可能”。 The restaurant must be very good. Its always full of people. That girl cant be Lily. Lily is much taller.5. as + 形容词/ 副词的原级 + as : 和一样 His English is as good as mine. He drives as well as his father.用good还是well完全看它们修饰的是什么！6. 用：1) with:用具体有形的东西（工具） I

41、write a letter with a pen. 2) in:用语言、声音、原材料 Can you speak in a loud voice? 3) by:用/ 通过用段或方式 （by+doing） The girl made money by selling flowers.7. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置：I have something important to tell you.Unit 21. 1) someothers：一些另一些 Some students like watching TV and others like going online. 2) one the ot

42、her：一个，另一个（范围是两者） There are only two students in the classroom. One is reading and the other is drawing. I have two pens. One is red and the other is black.注：others=other+n 这一点不需要再多说了哈！2. make sb. do sth.: 使某人做某事 一感、二听、三让、四看（feel; listen to/ hear;let/make/have;look at/watch/see/ observe(观察，也可理解为看)）

43、We made the little girl laugh at last.3. develop: v. 培养、提高、发展、形成、长大This lesson will help you develop your writing skills. 这节课有助于提高你的写作能力。 We should develop good living habits. 我们应该养成好的生活习惯。4. during = in: 在期间、在时间内 I woke up three times during / in the night.5. as well as:除了外（还有），可用besides代替。 I have

44、a few English books as well as / besides this . I study Japanese as well as English. 除了英语外，我还学日语。6. encourage sb. to do sth.: 鼓励某人做某事 My parents always encourage me to study hard.7. come out: 出版、发行、（花儿）开放、出来 When will his new book come out? Spring comes and the flowers start to come out. The result

45、will come out three days later.8. as a result = so 结果、因此、 She didnt study hard and as a result, she didnt pass the exam. Tom studied hard. As a result, he passed the exam.9. 1) Pleasure: 愉悦、愉快 Its my pleasure. = My pleasure. 不客气（回答感谢）。 2) with pleasure. 十分愿意（回答请求）- Will you please open the window?-

46、With pleasure.10. success n. 成就、成功 Failure is the mother success. 失败乃成功之母。 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 succeed v. 成功 He finished the work successfully. He is a successful writer. Dont give up. You know hard work leads to success. He succeeded in finishing the work at last. 他终于成功完成了那项工作

47、。话题写作：My Hobbies I have many hobbies, such as sports, singing, playing the violin and keeping a diary. At school, I often hear the PE teacher say sports are good for our health and will make us live longer. So I like sports very much. I go running at five oclock in the afternoon. I play table tennis

48、 with my friends. These sports have kept me healthy. At home, I like singing and playing the violin. I hope I will be a singer and violinist when I grow up. In order to reach these goals, I go to the teachers home for a lesson every Saturday and practice singing. Of all my hobbies, I like reading bo

49、oks best. In my bedroom there are lots of books. When I grow up, I will serve the people with the knowledge I have learnt.Module 7 Summer in Los AngelesUnit 11. 1) prepare for sth. = be / get ready for sth. 为某事做准备 They are preparing for a test. = They are getting ready for a test. 2) prepare to do s

50、th. = be / get ready to do sth. 准备做某事My mother is preparing to cook lunch.2. make a list:列清单 Lets make a shopping list.3. 1) crazy adj. 发疯的、荒唐的 You are crazy to buy the watch at such a high price. 2) be crazy about:对着迷 The boys are crazy about Jay Chou. 3) drive sb. crazy:使某人发疯 、疯狂迷恋Things almost dr

51、ive me crazy. 这些东西差点把我弄疯。4. what to take = what I should take 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语 = 宾语从句 These dressed are very beautiful. I cant decide which one to buy.5. at the end of: 在末端/ 尽头/ 后期 / There is a park at the end of the street. My birthday is at the end of June.by the end of 到. . . . . . 为止We have finished

52、 the task by the end of this month. in the end 最后，相当于at last, finally6. 英语中成双成对的名词：shorts, trousers, glasses, socks, shoes, gloves, jeans, stockings(长筒袜，感谢班级小伙伴单词的积累). 其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由pair修饰作主语时，谓语动词单复数由pair决定。 My sunglasses are in the bag. Two pairs of shoes are enough. How much is this pair of su

53、nglasses?单数意义！7. light: 轻的 - heavy: 重的 light:浅色的 - dark: 深色的 Light music can make people relaxed. 轻音乐能使人放松。（注：一定是relaxed, 而不是relaxing, 因为放松的是人不是物） This sweater is light blue. 这件毛衣是浅蓝色的。8. 表示时间、金钱、价格、长度、学科的名词以s结尾等词作主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长一段时间。 Maths is my favourite

54、subject. Ten kilometers is very far.注：-How much is it? -Two dollars is enough! 做题中咱班孩儿出现的错误，在英语中所谓的单复数一致一种是语法上的一致，另一种是意义上的一致，比如这句话中，不能单单考虑语法上的单复数，作为交际用语更应该关注意义上的一致，“价格多少啊？两美元就够了” 9. else: 作后置定语 疑问词 / 不定代词 + else other: 作前置定语 other + 名词复数 What else can you see? The other students are playing basketball now.10. 1) weigh: v. 重、称的重量 He weighs 50 kilos. Please weigh the bananas. How much do you weigh? 2) n. weight(不可数) 重量 put on weight: 长胖 lose weight: 减肥11. total adj. 总的、全部的，只用作定语。近义词为whole The total score is one hundred. In total: 总共、总计12. 1) by the way: 顺便说/ 问一下，为插入语，用以引出题外的话语，但事实上题外话更重要