布氏硬度试验~杜希元贡献呵呵快下载呀,不贵!很好··!

1、杜希元是大好人实验 布氏硬度试验一、实验目的：1、 熟悉TH600布氏硬度计测量金属硬度的原理及其操作方法； 2、理解根据压痕直径计算出布氏硬度值的方法；3、练习布氏硬度计算值表格的查阅。二、实验原理： 布氏硬度测量方法原理是将一定直径的硬质合金球施加试验力压入试样表面经规定的保持时间后，卸除试验力，测量试样表面压痕的直径，见图1。 图2-1 布氏硬度测量原理图由压头球直径D和测量所得的试样压痕直径d可算出压痕面积，即：: S = （2-1）于是布氏硬度值可由以下式算出： 布氏硬度=常数试验力/压痕表面积，即： （2-2）上式中: ；D, d 单位为mm；F 单位为N。 为使用方便，布氏硬度值

2、可由布氏硬度计算值表查出（见附录1）。 TH600 布氏硬度计外观结构见图2。TH600 布氏硬度计采用布氏硬度（BRINELL）测量原理，可进行布氏硬度测量，适用于未经淬火钢、铸铁、有色金属及质地较软的轴承合金等材料。具有测试精度高，测量范围宽，试验力自动加载、自动保持计时、自动卸载等特点。可广泛应用于计量、机械制造、冶金、建材等行业的检测、科研与生产。测定硬度范围：8650HBW。 图2-2 TH600 布氏硬度计外观图 本硬度计所带读数显微镜为20 倍，鼓轮最小刻度值为0.01mm，使用时应合理利用光源。测量较小压痕直径时，也可以应用其它更大放大倍数的读数装置以提高读数准确度。使用本机时

3、试验力的选择应保证压痕直径在0.24D0.6D之间；试验力-压头球直径平方的比率（）应根据材料和硬度选择（见附录4），当试样尺寸允许时，优先选用10mm 的球压头。三、实验仪器：1、TH600布氏硬度计主机 1台2、标准硬度块 1块3、被测试样 1块4、20倍读数显微镜 1台5、硬质合金球压头 1颗6、圆形平面样品台 1块四、实验步骤：1、测试准备检查接好的电源线，打开电源开关，电源指示灯亮。试验机进行自检、复位，显示当前的试验力保持时间，该参数自动记忆关机前的状态。2、安装压头选取要用的压头，用酒精清洗其粘附的防锈油，然后用棉花或其它软布擦拭干净，装入主轴孔内，旋转紧定螺钉使其轻压于压头尾柄

4、之扁平处；同时将试样平稳、密合地安放在样品台上。顺时针转动手轮，使样品台上升，试样与压头接触，直至手轮与螺母产生相对滑动（打滑），最后将压头紧定螺钉旋紧。3、选择试验力硬度计能提供5 种试验力供选用，共有砝码7 个，其中1 个1.25kg 砝码，1 个5kg砝码,5 个10kg 砝码,通过砝码的组合来实现5 种试验力，详见下表.表 2-1 试验力与砝码组合对应表试验力（N）对应的公斤力（kgf）砝码组合1839187.5吊挂2452250吊挂+1.25kg 砝码7355750吊挂+1.25kg 砝码+10kg 砝码*1 个98071000吊挂+1.25kg 砝码+10kg 砝码*1 个+5kg

5、 砝码*1 个294203000吊挂+1.25kg 砝码+10kg 砝码*5 个+5kg 砝码*1 个4、试验力保持时间设置对于常见材料，试验力保持时间一般设置为1015 秒，用户可以根据需要设置。本机设置范围可达699 秒供选用。见图3 中，按“”或“”键，来设置保持时间 。图 2-3 TH600布氏硬度计操作键盘5、硬度示值检定将标准硬度块放置在样品台中央，顺时针平稳转动手轮，使样品台上升，试样与压头接触；直至手轮与螺母产生相对滑动（打滑），即停止转动手轮。此时按“开始”键，试验开始自动进行，依次自动完成以下过程：试验力加载（加载指示灯亮）；试验力完全加上后开始按设定的保持时间倒计时，保持

6、该试验力（保持指示灯亮）；时间到后立即开始卸载（卸载指示灯亮），完成卸载后恢复初始状态（电源指示灯亮）。6、检验并确定检定结果逆时针转动手轮，样品台下降，取下标准硬度块，用读数显微镜测量标准硬度块表面的压痕直径.，按公式或查表计算硬度值。如此反复测5次，将结果填入下表。表 2-2 硬度示值检定结果表标准硬度块测试值示值误差（%）示值重复性（%）检定结论编号硬度值No.12345平均值压痕直径（mm）硬度值 (HBW)根据金属硬度计检定规程（JJG1502005），硬度计示值最大允许误差和示值重复性见下表。表 2-3 硬度计示值最大允许误差和示值重复性硬度范围示值最大允许误差(%)示值重复性(%

7、)12533.5125HBW225 2.53.022522.57、试验将被测试样放置在样品台中央，按照上述方法测试出试样的硬度值，并将试验结果填入下表。表 2-4 被测试样压痕直径与硬度值记录表No.12345平均值压痕直径（mm） 硬度值 (HBW)8、关机卸除全部试验力，关闭电源开关。若长期不用，拔除电源连线；取下压头、砝码等，妥善存放。五、实验报告要求： 1、根据实验填写测量数据； 2、判断布氏硬度计工作是否正常； 2、根据测得的压痕直径计算出金属试验块的布氏硬度值。六、思考题：1、为什么测量压痕直径时应在相互垂直的两个方向测量，取其平均值呢？2、试说明被测试样表面粗糙度与厚度才对测量结

8、果有无影响？为什么？ 3、为什么要设置一定的试验力保持时间？附录 1 布氏硬度值计算表球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）30102.530102.5试验力F（N）试验力F（N）1052.529420735518399807245224521052.52942073551839980724522452压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）2.42.412.422.432.442.452.462.472.482.492.52.512.522.532.542.5

9、52.562.572.582.592.62.612.622.632.642.652.662.672.682.691.21.2051.211.2151.221.2251.231.2351.241.2451.251.2551.261.2651.271.2751.281.2851.291.2951.31.3051.311.3151.321.3251.331.3351.341.3450.60.60250.6050.60750.610.61250.6150.61750.620.62250.6250.62750.630.63250.6350.63750.640.64250.6450.64750.650.6

10、5250.6550.65750.660.66250.6650.66750.670.672565364864363763262762261761260760259759258758357857356956456055555154754353853453052652251821821621421221120920720620420220119919719619419319119018818718518418218118017817717517417354.55453.653.152.752.251.851.45150.650.149.749.348.948.548.247.847.44746.74

11、6.345.945.645.244.944.544.243.943.543.22.702.712.722.732.742.752.762.772.782.792.82.812.822.832.842.852.862.872.882.892.92.912.922.932.942.952.962.972.982.991.351.3551.361.3651.371.3751.381.3851.391.3951.41.4051.411.4151.421.4251.431.4351.441.4451.451.4551.461.4651.471.4751.481.4851.491.4950.6750.67

12、750.680.68250.6850.68750.690.69250.6950.69750.70.70250.7050.70750.710.71250.7150.71750.720.72250.7250.72750.730.73250.7350.73750.740.74250.7450.747551451150750349949549248848548147847447146746446145745445144844544143843543242942642342041717117016916816616516416316216015915815715615515415215115014914

13、814714614514414314214114013942.942.542.241.941.641.34140.740.440.139.839.539.238.938.738.438.137.837.637.337.136.836.536.33635.835.535.33534.8附录 1 布氏硬度值计算表（续）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）30102.530102.5试验力F（N）试验力F（N）1052.529420735518399807245224521052.529420735518

14、39980724522452压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）33.013.023.033.043.053.063.073.083.093.13.113.123.133.143.153.163.173.183.193.23.213.223.233.243.253.263.273.283.291.51.5051.511.5151.521.5251.531.5351.541.5451.551.5551.561.5651.571.5751.581.5851.591.5951.61.6051.611.6151.621.6251.631.6351.641.6

15、450.750.75250.7550.75750.760.76250.7650.76750.770.77250.7750.77750.780.78250.7850.78750.790.79250.7950.79750.80.80250.8050.80750.810.81250.8150.81750.820.82254154124094064044013983963933903883853833803783753733703683663633613593563543523503473453431381371361351351341331321311301291281281271261251241

16、2312312212112012011911811711711611511434.634.334.133.933.633.433.23332.832.532.332.131.931.731.531.331.130.930.730.530.330.129.929.729.529.329.12928.828.63.33.313.323.333.343.353.363.373.383.393.43.413.423.433.443.453.463.473.483.493.53.513.523.533.543.553.563.573.583.51.651.6551.661.6651.671.6751.6

17、81.6851.691.6951.71.7051.711.7151.721.7251.731.7351.741.7451.751.7551.761.7651.771.7751.781.7851.791.7950.8250.82750.830.83250.8350.83750.840.84250.8450.84750.850.85250.8550.85750.860.86250.8650.86750.870.87250.8750.87750.880.88250.8850.88750.890.89250.8950.897534133933733533333132932732532332131931

18、731531331130930730630430230029829729529329229028828711411311211211111011010910810810710610610510410410310210210110110099.598.998.397.897.296.696.195.528.428.228.127.927.727.627.427.227.126.926.726.626.426.226.125.925.825.625.525.325.22524.924.724.624.424.324.22423.9附录 1 布氏硬度值计算表（续）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径

19、平方比率（0.102F/D2）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）30102.530102.5试验力F（N）试验力F（N）1052.529420735518399807245224521052.52942073551839980724522452压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）3.63.613.623.633.643.653.663.673.683.693.73.713.723.733.743.753.763.773.783.793.83.813.823.833.843.853.863.873.883.891.81.

20、8051.811.8151.821.8251.831.8351.841.8451.851.8551.861.8651.871.8751.881.8851.891.8951.91.9051.911.9151.921.9251.931.9351.941.9450.90.90250.9050.90750.910.91250.9150.91750.920.92250.9250.92750.930.93250.9350.93750.940.94250.9450.94750.950.95250.9550.95750.960.96250.9650.96750.970.97252852832822802782

21、772752742722712692682662652632622602592572562552532522512492482462452442429594.493.993.492.892.391.891.390.790.289.789.288.788.287.887.386.886.385.885.484.984.48483.583.182.682.281.781.380.823.723.623.523.323.223.122.922.822.722.622.422.322.222.121.921.821.721.621.521.321.221.12120.920.820.720.520.4

22、20.320.23.93.913.923.933.943.953.963.973.983.9944.014.024.034.044.054.064.074.084.094.14.114.124.134.144.154.164.174.184.191.951.9551.961.9651.971.9751.981.9851.991.99522.0052.012.0152.022.0252.032.0352.042.0452.052.0552.062.0652.072.0752.082.0852.092.0950.9750.97750.980.98250.9850.98750.990.99250.9

23、950.997511.00251.0051.00751.011.01251.0151.01751.021.02251.0251.02751.031.03251.0351.03751.041.04251.0451.047524124023923723623523423223123022922822622522422322222122021821721621521421321221121020920880.48079.679.178.778.377.977.577.176.776.375.975.575.174.774.373.973.673.272.872.472.171.771.37170.6

24、70.369.969.669.220.12019.919.819.719.619.519.419.319.219.11918.918.818.718.618.518.418.318.218.11817.917.817.717.717.617.517.417.3附录 1 布氏硬度值计算表（续）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）30102.530102.5试验力F（N）试验力F（N）1052.529420735518399807245224521052.529420735518399807245224

25、52压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）4.24.214.224.234.244.254.264.274.284.294.34.314.324.334.344.354.364.374.384.394.44.414.424.434.444.454.464.474.484.492.12.1052.112.1152.122.1252.132.1352.142.1452.152.1552.162.1652.172.1752.182.1852.192.1952.22.2052.212.2152.222.2252.232.2352.242.2451.051.05

26、251.0551.05751.061.06251.0651.06751.071.07251.0751.07751.081.08251.0851.08751.091.09251.0951.09751.11.10251.1051.10751.111.11251.1151.11751.121.122520720520420320220120019919819819719619519419319219119018918818718618618518418318218118017968.868.568.267.867.567.266.866.566.265.965.565.264.964.664.364

27、63.663.36362.762.462.161.861.561.26160.760.460.159.817.217.1171716.916.816.716.616.516.516.416.316.216.116.11615.915.815.815.715.615.515.515.415.315.215.215.11514.94.54.514.524.534.544.554.564.574.584.594.64.614.624.634.644.654.664.674.684.694.74.714.724.734.744.754.764.774.784.792.252.2552.262.2652

28、.272.2752.282.2852.292.2952.32.3052.312.3152.322.3252.332.3352.342.3452.352.3552.362.3652.372.3752.382.3852.392.3951.1251.12751.131.13251.1351.13751.141.14251.1451.14751.151.15251.1551.15751.161.16251.1651.16751.171.17251.1751.17751.181.18251.1851.18751.191.19251.1951.1975179178177176175174174173172

29、17117017016916816716716616516416416316216116116015915815815715659.559.35958.758.458.257.957.657.357.156.856.656.35655.855.555.35554.854.554.35453.853.553.353.152.852.652.452.114.914.814.714.714.614.514.514.414.314.314.214.114.11413.913.913.813.813.713.613.613.513.413.413.313.313.213.113.113附录 1 布氏硬度

30、值计算表（续）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）30102.530102.5试验力F（N）试验力F（N）1052.529420735518399807245224521052.52942073551839980724522452压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）4.84.814.824.834.844.854.864.874.884.894.94.914.924.934.944.954.964.974.984.9955.015.025.035.045.

31、055.065.075.085.092.42.4052.412.4152.422.4252.432.4352.442.4452.452.4552.462.4652.472.4752.482.4852.492.4952.52.5052.512.5152.522.5252.532.5352.542.5451.21.20251.2051.20751.211.21251.2151.21751.221.22251.2251.22751.231.23251.2351.23751.241.24251.2451.24751.251.25251.2551.25751.261.26251.2651.26751.2

32、71.272515615515415415315215215115015014914814814714614614514414414314314214114114014013913813813751.951.751.451.25150.750.550.350.149.949.649.449.24948.848.648.448.247.947.747.547.347.146.946.746.546.346.145.945.71312.912.912.812.712.712.612.612.512.512.412.412.312.312.212.112.1121211.911.911.811.81

33、1.711.711.611.611.511.511.45.15.115.125.135.145.155.165.175.185.195.25.215.225.235.245.255.265.275.285.295.35.315.325.335.345.355.365.375.385.392.552.5552.562.5652.572.5752.582.5852.592.5952.62.6052.612.6152.622.6252.632.6352.642.6452.652.6552.662.6652.672.6752.682.6852.692.6951.2751.27751.281.28251

34、.2851.28751.291.29251.2951.29751.31.30251.3051.30751.311.31251.3151.31751.321.32251.3251.32751.331.33251.3351.33751.341.34251.3451.347513713613513513413413313313213213113013012912912812812712712612612512512412412312312212212145.545.445.24544.844.644.444.24443.943.743.543.343.142.942.842.642.442.242.

35、141.941.741.641.441.24140.940.740.540.411.411.311.311.211.211.111.111.1111110.910.910.810.810.710.710.610.610.610.510.510.410.410.310.310.310.210.210.110.1附录 1 布氏硬度值计算表（续）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）球直径 D（mm）试验力-压头球直径平方比率（0.102F/D2）30102.530102.5试验力F（N）试验力F（N）1052.529420735518399807245224521052

36、.52942073551839980724522452压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）压痕平均直径d(mm)布氏硬度（HBW）5.45.415.425.435.445.455.465.475.485.495.55.515.525.535.545.555.565.575.585.595.65.615.625.635.645.655.665.675.685.695.72.72.7052.712.7152.722.7252.732.7352.742.7452.752.7552.762.7652.772.7752.782.7852.792.7952.82.8052.812.8152.822.8

37、252.832.8352.842.8452.851.351.35251.3551.35751.361.36251.3651.36751.371.37251.3751.37751.381.38251.3851.38751.391.39251.3951.39751.41.40251.4051.40751.411.41251.4151.41751.421.42251.42512112012011911911811811711711611611511511511411411311311211211111111111011010910910810810810740.240.139.939.739.639.439.339.138.938.838.638.538.338.23837.937.737.637.437.337.13736.836.736.636.436.336.13635.835.710.1109.979.939.899.859.829.789.749.79.669.629.589.549.519.479.439.399.369.329.289.259.219.179.149.19.079.0398.968.925.715.725.735.745.755.765.775.785.795.85.815.825.