情态动词表示推测和可能性

1、 情态动词近几年的考查趋势情态动词近几年的考查趋势: :有效信息越来越隐蔽有效信息越来越隐蔽; ;情景越来越生动真实情景越来越生动真实; ;考查的角度越来越细化综合化。考查的角度越来越细化综合化。情态动词近几年的考查要点情态动词近几年的考查要点:1. 情态动词的基本用法。情态动词的基本用法。2. 情态动词表示推测和可能性情态动词表示推测和可能性,3. “情态动词情态动词+ have done”。4. 情态动词的特定用法。情态动词的特定用法。一一 情态动词表推测情态动词表推测;二二 情态动词情态动词+have done；三三 解题技巧解题技巧Lets read and translate the

2、 sentences!She couldnt/cant be so stupid to do that.I may be busy from tomorrow on. You must be tired after working so long.She shouldnt be out in such an early morning.她不可能去做那种事吧。她不可能去做那种事吧。从明天起我可能会忙起来。从明天起我可能会忙起来。你工作这么久以后肯定累了吧。你工作这么久以后肯定累了吧。她不会这么一大早就出去。她不会这么一大早就出去。一、一、情态动词表推测情态动词表推测1. 肯定的推测肯定的推测v一

3、般用一般用must, should, ought to,may（might）或或could（不用（不用can），其中，），其中，_的语的语气最强，译为气最强，译为“肯定肯定”、“准是准是”、“想必想必是是”；v_的语气次之，译为的语气次之，译为“很可很可能能”、“应该应该”，指按常理推测；，指按常理推测；_的语气最弱，译为的语气最弱，译为“也许也许”、“可能可能”。mustshould/ought tomay（might），），could- Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.

4、A. must B. would C. should D. might-Hi, tom. Any idea where jane is? She _ in the classroom. I saw her just now. A. shall be B. will be C. must be D. can beAccording to the speed, the car _ arrive at Shanghai before it gets dark. A. shall B. should C. must D. need should表推测时，表推测时，“按按道理该如此道理该如此”，一般句末

5、，一般句末有时间状语，或有语境暗有时间状语，或有语境暗示示。Its 8 oclock now. He Its 8 oclock now. He should be in the office now. should be in the office now. Hi, Mum! Im on the bus. Hi, Mum! Im on the bus. I should be home in about ten I should be home in about ten minutes. minutes. 注：注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论

6、上的可能性主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示，或表示“有时有时”之意。之意。如：如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. _Food poisoning can cause death. _即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。食物中毒可导致死亡。食物中毒可导致死亡。1. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime.A. must B

7、. can C. should D. would2. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. shall B. should C. can D. must2. 否定推测分为两种情况：否定推测分为两种情况： v1）语气不很肯定时，常用语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not，v译为译为_ v2）否定语气较强时，则用）否定语气较强时，则用_，译为，译为“根根v本不可能本不可能”、“想必不会想必不会”，与，与_的意思刚好相的意思刚好相反。反。可能不、也许不可能不、也许不cantmustv1.-Is John c

8、oming by train? v -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving v his car. A. must B. shall C. may D. need 2. Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not3. 疑问句中的推测，疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。 vMr. Bush is on time for everything. H

9、ow _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ A. can B. should C. may D. must翻译：布什先生做什么事都很准时，他怎么翻译：布什先生做什么事都很准时，他怎么会开幕式迟到呢？会开幕式迟到呢？二、情态动词表推测时的时态问题v 以以must为例为例v1、推测现在的事,结构是：veg. He goes to school with a big bag everyday. He must be a student.v2、推测正在进行的事：veg.The light is off now. He must be sl

10、eeping.v3、推测过去的事：veg. Lihua took a lot of photos in London. He must have visited the city.must do/bemust be doingmust have done/been说出下列结构的含义vmust have donevcant have donevmay/might have donevcan have done 肯定做过某事不可能做过某事也许做过某事（肯定句）也许做过某事(疑问句）解决情态动词表推测的题目思路是：v1、判断句式，、判断句式，v2、看推测的把握有多大、看推测的把握有多大,v3、看推测

11、的事情什么时候、看推测的事情什么时候发生。发生。小综合练习v1. I think Helen is at home.v No, she _ be, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.vA. mustntB. needntvC. cant D. ought notv2. - Good morning. I got an appointment with Miss Smith yesterday. - Ah, you _ be Mr. Peter. A. might B. must C. would D. can3.

12、What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A.should B. would C. will D. shall4. He is a good sportsman so he _ win the match even he is injured.A. canB. mightC. succeeded to D. was able to5. Although this task _ sound easy, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. shoul

13、d6-When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. needv7. There is no light in the room.v _ he be sleeping?vA. Must B. ShallvC. Can D. Will 8. Hurry up, he _ for you at the school gate now.A. may be waitingB. may have waited

14、C. must be waiting D. might waitv9. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. v A. should put B. could have put v C. might put D. must have putv v10.I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.v How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.v

15、A. may steal B. might have stolen v C. must steal D. must have stolen11. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might12. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. needntm

16、ust have donecant have donemay/might have donecan have doneshould(ought to) have doneshouldnt(oughtnt to havedonecould have doneneed have doneneednt have done二、二、“情态动词情态动词+完成式完成式”表对过去的猜测表对过去的猜测表虚拟表虚拟1. “should（ought to）+完成式完成式”表示表示_。“shouldnt（oughtnt to）+完成式完成式”表示某种行为表示某种行为_。本应该做某事而实际上没有做本应该做某事而实际上没

17、有做不该发生但却发生了不该发生但却发生了Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eatIll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have toldv

18、2. “could+have done”v表示表示_但结果没能做成，含有但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。遗憾的意味。 本来能够做成某事本来能够做成某事We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?注意：注意：can have done表示表示过去可能做过某事过去可能做过某事 Where can Mary have put the empty bottles? You neednt have walked up; you _ the lift. A. could have taken B. could

19、 take C. can have taken D. can take 3. “neednt+不定式的完成式不定式的完成式”表示表示_而实际上做了某事。而实际上做了某事。 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken本来不必做某事本来不必做某事v1. She _ the book sometime

20、 in the past, or she couldnt have answered the question so well.vA. can haveB. must have readvC. should readD. need readingv2. Tom went on foot, but he _ by bus.vA. might be goingB. should govC. could have goneD. ought have gone 小综合练习小综合练习v3. Mary _ the hospital so soon, for she had not got recovere

21、d.vA. has left B. didnt leavevC. must have left D. shouldnt have leftv4.There was plenty of time, so she _.vA. mustnt have hurriedvB. neednt hurryvC. mustnt hurry vD. neednt have hurried5. You _ the exam, but you spent all your time playing.A. can pass B. could have passedC. could pass D. can have p

22、assed6. My MP4 isnt in my bag. Where_I have put it？A. can B. must C. should D. would 7. You _ him at the meeting yesterday. He has gone to America.A. cant see B. cant have seenC. mustnt have seen D. neednt have seen8. Im told that John had another car accident this morning. I believe not. He _ so ca

23、reless.A. shouldnt have been B. wouldnt have been C. couldnt have been D. mustnt have been新闻回放：新闻回放：北京时间北京时间3 3月月8 8日日2 2点点4040分分MH370MH370航班与塔航班与塔台失去联系。该航台失去联系。该航班于凌晨班于凌晨0 0点点4141分从分从吉隆坡起飞，原定吉隆坡起飞，原定于早上于早上6 6点点3030分在北分在北京降落。机上共有京降落。机上共有227227名乘客，包括名乘客，包括2 2名儿童，以及名儿童，以及1212名名机组人员机组人员。Writing指出刚才的谈话中

24、那句话可以用所学结构翻译？指出刚才的谈话中那句话可以用所学结构翻译？v 马航MH370MH370失踪了那么久，机上人员很有可能已经死了，也有可能还活着。失踪后一周里，由于马来西亚没有如实告知马航最后飞行行踪的信息，致使多国在泰国湾的搜救工作徒劳无功。这么多的人力物力和时间原本可以不耗费。生命高于一切，239条生命，两百多个家庭的破碎，马来西亚实在太不应该隐瞒相关信息。一名中国籍的飞机工程师乘客起初被怀疑涉恐子，但经过调查，这名乘客不可能劫持飞机。一个名叫唐驳虎的凤凰新闻评论员推测，飞机肯定落在圣诞岛上。但目前为止，飞机还是找不到，所幸情况有明朗趋势。v 马航MH370MH370失踪了那么久，机

25、上人员很有可能已经死了，也有可能还活着。失踪后一周里，由于马来西亚没有如实告知马航最后飞行行踪的信息，致使多国在泰国湾的搜救工作徒劳无功。这么多的人力物力和时间原本可以不耗费。生命高于一切，239条生命，两百多个家庭的破碎，马来西亚实在太不应该隐瞒相关信息。一名中国籍的飞机工程师乘客起初被怀疑涉恐，但经过调查，这名乘客不可能劫持（hijack）飞机。一个名叫唐驳虎的凤凰新闻评论员推测，飞机肯定落在圣诞岛上。但目前为止，飞机还是找不到，所幸情况有明朗趋势。vtips: Malaysia, the manpower, material resources and financial resourc

26、es, keep the truth, hijack, Christmas Island三三 情态动词的特定语气情态动词的特定语气1. _ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone.A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Wouldmust 偏偏，偏要偏偏，偏要2. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A. might B. could C. shall D. willshall 用于第三人称用于第三人称,

27、在条约、规定、法令等中在条约、规定、法令等中表命令或规定表命令或规定3. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month.-Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. mayshall 用于第二用于第二/三人称表允诺，命令，威胁等语气三人称表允诺，命令，威胁等语气4.I cant believe my eyes. Such well-educatedgentleman _ behave lik

28、e this!A. would B. should C. can D. mustshould “竟然，居然竟然，居然“，表愤怒惊讶的语气，表愤怒惊讶的语气1. will 可用各人称作主语可用各人称作主语, 表示表示“意志意志” “意愿意愿” “决心决心”等等. I will never do that again.2. will 有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律. “惯于惯于, 总是总是(会会), 终归是终归是” Boys will be boys. 男孩终归是男孩。男孩终归是男孩。 Matches will not strike if they are

29、 damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。火柴潮湿就擦不着。 1. will 和和would 的用法的用法补充补充The door _ open.这门经常打不开。这门经常打不开。 wont1.would 可用于各人称可用于各人称, 表示过去时间的表示过去时间的 “意志意志” “愿望愿望” 和和 决心决心”.2. would 还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作.He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）现在可能散步也可能不散步了）used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，表示过去

30、常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。但现在已不复存在了。 He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）而现在不散步了）would, used towould, used to区别区别vWhen I lived with my roommates in the university, we _ often talk into the night. Amight Bmust Cshould Dwould三三 情态动词的特定语气情态动词的特定语气2. _ better do (not do)3._ rathe

31、r dothan do4._ not too/enough5.can but do _You cant be too careful when you are driving.You cant remember enough English words.hadwouldcan只好I can but agree with you.三三 情态动词的特定语气情态动词的特定语气6.cant help but do sth. cant but do sth. cant choose but doI cant but admire your courage .不得不、不能不cant help but ad

32、mire cant choose but admire 三三 情态动词的特定语气情态动词的特定语气7.may/might as well (倒不如、只好倒不如、只好) You might as well do your present job before you find a new one .8.may well do sth. (很可能很可能) He may well say so /do that.9._ you succeed!(祝愿语）祝愿语） _all your dreams come true!10.should（应该，表责任，义务）（应该，表责任，义务） You should

33、 study hard as a student.MayMayv1.May I smoke here ? vIf you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. v A. should B. could v C. may D. mustv2. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I _ Mr. Wang for help.vA. used to go toB. was used to go tovC. would go toD. used to going tov3. I think Ill give

34、 Bob a ring. v You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. v A. will B. may C. have to D. should情态动词的做题技巧情态动词的做题技巧:1. 1. 充分利用句子语境。充分利用句子语境。综观历年高考英语情综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用，即看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。如：

35、可作出正确选择。如：Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 分析：答案选分析：答案选C。既然。既然“我已经借了一本我已经借了一本”，据此语，据此语境所以境所以“她就没有必要借给我了她就没有必要借给我了”。(1) Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can(2) I

36、ve taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be2.2.根据时间确定时态。根据时间确定时态。即要分清情态动词表推测时即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式；若对过去情况进行推

37、测，则后接动词的完成式；This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put分析：答案选分析：答案选D D。前文说。前文说“蛋糕很甜蛋糕很甜”，下文，下文“你一定你一定是在里面放了很多糖是在里面放了很多糖”，故用，故用“must have done”“must have done”表示表示对过去情况的肯定推测。对过去情况的肯定推测。对现在或将来的推测常用结构为：对现在或将来的推测常用结构为：情态动词情态动词+_/_+_/

38、_对过去情况的推测常用结构为：对过去情况的推测常用结构为：情态动词情态动词+_ +_ 如：如：dobe doinghave done(1) Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. mustnt have done(2) Mary stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returne

39、d. Oh, dear! She _ through a lot of difficulties! A. may go B. might go C. should have gone D. must have gone 高考考题高考考题:1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should ha

40、ve lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt hav

41、e been 5. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not D A 6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to7. They will _ run this machine on theirown in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to8. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought