高考英语阅读之猜测词义

1、Made by JoycecaiIf you come across new words when reading, What will you do ?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryChina will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, and it is the

2、longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.Guess the meaning 2011年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、

3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度、理解作者的意图和态度。抓主旨抓主旨明细节明细节猜词义猜词义做推断做推断： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underline

4、d word “” means _. .Word Formation 构词法构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。super-

5、(超超) mini- (极小的极小的, 微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的） re- （再，反复）（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）（误，恶） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能（能的的 ） -less（不，无）（不，无） -wards (向向) (2008NMET) With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners ne

6、eded for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的?Logical relations A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a . His uncle is a , an expert who does research on animals. The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650

7、 yuan a year. We are on the - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week. 木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is, be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示等词汇或破折号来表示 ；或由或由that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词小小 结结Though Toms face has

8、been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very .污秽的污秽的节约的节约的 由由and或或or， like ,as as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义等连接的两个词构成同义关系；关系；表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherw

9、ise, though ，on the contrary等。等。小小 结结Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very . The river is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的 混浊的混浊的 常用关联词常用关联词( (如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，as a resulta

10、s a result， thereforetherefore等等) )表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 结结Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置The new couple bought a lot of household appliances , such as washing

11、 machine, fridge and TV ect.Folklore includes all the customes, belief and tradition that people have handed dowm from generation to generation.家电家电民俗民俗 常用常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义出总称词即词义 。小小 结结通晓多种语言的通晓多种语言的 Because this chemical liquid is

12、 highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖 小小 结结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到

13、生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。EX.6 in the public eyeA. 公众熟悉的公众熟悉的, ,出名的出名的Tips: in public在公众场合在公众场合 the public大众大众 eye眼睛眼睛GuessB. 在群众的眼里在群众的眼里 C. 公开的公开的 D. 令人眼热的令人眼热的in publicJane is usually Jane is usually promptprompt. . A A l a t e Bl a t e B o n t i m e o n t i m e C Cpleasedpleased Jane i

14、s usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.adj.敏捷的敏捷的, 迅速的迅速的, 即时的即时的adv.准时地准时地 小小 结结所谓所谓“词不离句，句不离章词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时，景。猜测生词义或句意时， 一定要认真一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合读懂与生词密切相关的前

15、后句子，进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。含在其中的深意。 The ashes of the Great Wall are falling down。 I think the Great wall is now like an 80 years old man. In some places it is still standing, but really unless there is some good medicine, most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or one h

16、undred years.A.If people dont take medicine, the Great Wall will fall down.B. The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man, who needs medical care.C. We must take some measures to pretect the Great Wall, or most of the Great Wall will break down in 50 or 100 yearsD. The Great Wall is falling down, and

17、it will disappear in the future. But its a two-way street. I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China.（09辽宁卷）辽宁卷） What does the writer mean by “its a two way stre

18、et”?What does the writer mean by “its a two way street”?A.China and India have different traffic rules.B. Tea trade works wanders in both India and ChinaC. Chinese products are popular in both China and IndiaD. The exchanges between India and China benefit bothD1. There are some glaciers moving down

19、 the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 树枝树枝 C. 冰河冰河 D. 冰冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 小试身手3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reas

20、on he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用租用 B. 借出借出 C. 购买购买 D. 参观参观 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bi

21、gger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on

22、the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buyB A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系宗系),