英语：Unit3《Inventorsandinventions》grammar课件(新人教版选修8)

1、 Revise Revise the Past Participlethe Past Participle过去分词过去分词Unit 3 GrammarUnit 3 GrammarLook at the excited boy! So many thousands of terrified people died. Everyone present was very inspired at his speech.You seem frightened. We found everything around changed.The readers wished the serial story连载

2、的连载的continued. 定语定语表语表语宾补宾补过去分词作过去分词作定语、表语定语、表语和和宾宾语补足语语补足语。基本形式和意义基本形式和意义动词的过去分词，是动词的一种非限定动词的过去分词，是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的过去分词兼有形式。动词的过去分词兼有动词动词、副词副词和和形容词形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的过去分词和宾语或状语一修饰。动词的过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。过去分词的基本起构成过去分词短语。过去分词的基本形式是形式是“动词动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形但也有不规则的形式式.The Past ParticipleTh

3、e Past Participle过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示除表示“完完成成”的动作之外的动作之外, 还表示还表示“被动被动”的意义。的意义。 spoken English (英语口语英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条炸土豆条);过去分词作定

4、语过去分词作定语 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成完成”的动作的动作, 而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。意义。boiled water (开水开水); fallen leaves (落叶落叶) the risen sun (升起的太阳升起的太阳) 1. The tall man is a returned student. 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语前置定语单个的动词单个的动

5、词-过去分词过去分词,一般放在被修饰一般放在被修饰的名词的前面的名词的前面, 作前置定语。作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again. 虚度的时光虚度的时光, 无法挽回。无法挽回。 (=time which is lost) (2)后置定语后置定语 少数单个动词的过去分词少数单个动词的过去分词, 如如left等等, 只能作后置定语。只能作后置定语。 1. Ever

6、ything used should be marked. 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 2. Among the invited were some ladies. 被邀请的人中被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。剩下的书是给我的学生的。 过去分词短语作定语时，通常要放在被过去分词短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned f

7、or tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success. 这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B

8、. bought C. been bought D. buying 2. Mr. Smith, _ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring3. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D.

9、 being completed4. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take5. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected6. Mrs. White showed her st

10、udent some old maps _ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing7. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等意，而是表示主语的状态或思想

11、感情等。He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。被深深地感动了。过去分词作表语过去分词作表语 常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused (愉快的愉快的)； broken (碎了的碎了的)；closed (关闭的关闭的)； astonished (吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded (拥挤的拥挤的)； experienced (有经验的有经验的);

12、 delighted (高兴的高兴的)； lost (丢失的丢失的)；gone (遗失的遗失的)； disappointed (失望的失望的)；worried (担忧的担忧的)； interested (感兴趣的感兴趣的) tired (疲劳的疲劳的) pleased (高兴的高兴的)；satisfied (满意的满意的)； surprised (吃惊的吃惊的); married (已婚的已婚的)； known (著名的著名的) 等等等等 作表语的过去分词可被作表语的过去分词可被much, very, quite 等所修饰。等所修饰。 I was very pleased at the new

13、s. 听了这消息我很高兴。听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work. 他十分厌倦这工作。他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 1. Please remain _; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated2. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until

14、 the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat3. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词及物动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义表示

15、被动意义或已完成意义, ,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, ,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。过去分词可以在过去分词可以在“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾宾语补足语语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中这一结构中, 过去分词和它前面的宾语构过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子

16、改成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。语补足语。过去分词作宾语补足语的基本用法过去分词作宾语补足语的基本用法1. I must get my bike repaired. 我必须请人修理自行车。我必须请人修理自行车。 (宾语补足语宾语补足语)2. The girl was found beaten black and blue. 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语主语补足语) (1)过去分词可作表示感觉和心理状态的过去分词可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语动词的

17、宾语补足语, ,这类动词包括这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。等。We thought the game lost.我们认为球赛输了。我们认为球赛输了。She felt a great weight taken off her mind. 她觉得心里轻松了些。她觉得心里轻松了些。(2) 过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补 足语足语, 这类动词包括这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cu

18、t once a month. 我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood. 他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。 (请人请人)把某事做完。把某事做完。 She had her house repaired. 她请人把屋子修好了。她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义： 遭遇某种意外情况。遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on

19、 his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year. 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 (3) 过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命过去分词可作表

20、示希望、要求、命 令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括 like, want, wish, expect, order等等”这一类这一类 动词的后面作宾语补足语。动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued. 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+

21、宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一这一结构中结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。上就像一座漂亮的花园。 1. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went w

22、rong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired2. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4

23、. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak6. So far nobody ha

24、s claimed the money _ in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered7. Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles. A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 8. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _ with

25、 her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 1. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked课堂练兵课堂练兵 2. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. los

26、t C. to lose D. having lost 3. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 4. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking5. Friendship is like money easier made tha

27、n _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept 6. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 7. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. be

28、ing known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 8. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking 9. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D

29、. referring to looks 10. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 11. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When

30、 compared汉译英汉译英1. _ (请保持坐着请保持坐着) and keep your seat-belts _ (系好系好 (remain, seat)2. To learn English well, you should seek every opportunity to _ (尽可能多地听别人尽可能多地听别人 讲英语讲英语).3. He completed the task in more than half _ (允许的时间允许的时间). (allow)Please remain seatedfastenedas much as you canhear English spok

31、enthe time allowed4. As we know, _ (污染了污染了 的水的水) is harmful to peoples health.5. _ (三年前建造的这座桥三年前建造的这座桥) has played an important part in this areas traffic.6. You should read newspapers every day to _ (使自使自 己知道己知道) whats happening in the world. (inform)polluted waterThe bridge built three years agoma

32、ke yourself informed of7. The young teacher is very popular among her students for she always tries to _ (使他们感兴使他们感兴 趣趣) her lectures. (get)8. _ (受伤的工人受伤的工人) are now being taken good care of in the hospital. (injure)9. She was glad _ _ (看到孩子们受到很好的看到孩子们受到很好的 照顾照顾) in the nursery. (look after)get them interested inThe injured workersto see her children