高中英语语法——倒装

1、 英语句子的自然语序是英语句子的自然语序是“主语主语 + + 谓语谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为这种语序被称为“倒装倒装”。谓语全部放在主谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装；只把助动词或情态动语之前，为全部倒装；只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。 倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要（如倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调。某些疑问句）；二是为了强调。语语序序自自然然语语序序 主语主语+ +谓语谓语The boy came in.The boy came in.倒倒 装装

2、语语序序 完全完全 倒装倒装谓语动词谓语动词+ +主语主语In came the boy.In came the boy.部分倒装部分倒装助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ +主语主语+ +谓谓语语Never shall we forget Never shall we forget them.them.倒装倒装倒装句的高考考点：倒装句的高考考点：全部倒装全部倒装部分倒装部分倒装1. 在以在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。等副词开头的句子里。 2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。1、Only+状语位于句首时状语位于句

3、首时2、否定副词位于句首时、否定副词位于句首时3、在省去、在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。的虚拟条件从句中。4、So Neither Nor 位于句首时位于句首时5、as引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句6、特殊句式、特殊句式1.表示方位的介词短语或分词短语放表示方位的介词短语或分词短语放于句首时。于句首时。 In the front of the room was a table, and behind it stood a beautiful lady.Among all the presents is included a nice watch.2、在、在there, here 引导的句子

4、中，谓语引导的句子中，谓语是是be,exist, live,lie 等表示状态的不及等表示状态的不及物动词。物动词。There is noboby in the classroom.There seems something wrong with my radio.There happened an event last week.There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.3、副词、副词now,then,thus 引导的句子引导的句子里，谓语是里，谓语是 come, follow, begin, end, be等等Now comes yo

5、ur turn!Then followed another shot of gun.Thus ended the meeting.注意：注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again. Outside the classroom stood a boy.（1）山脚下有一个美丽的湖。）山脚下有一个美丽的湖。（2）教室外面站着一个男孩。）教室外面站着一个男孩。At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 高考真题再现

6、：高考真题再现：1、Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1000 years. （2006上海春季，上海春季，34）A.does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree.C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree standsB(1)He only found it important to get along with others then. (2)We can only make great progress in this way. 1. Only+

7、状语位于句首时状语位于句首时 Only then did he find it important to get along with others.Only in this way can we make great progress. 注意注意: 当当only引导的短语做主语时，主、引导的短语做主语时，主、谓则不发生任何倒装。谓则不发生任何倒装。 Only five students can answer this question. 只有五个学生能回答这个问题。只有五个学生能回答这个问题。注意注意:only后后接接状语从句状语从句时，该从句一时，该从句一定是定是陈述语序陈述语序。He o

8、nly realizes how nice home is when one is away from home.Only when one is away from home does he realize how nice home is.高考真题再现：高考真题再现：(1)Only then _ how much damage had been caused.（2006 陕西，陕西，16）A.had she realized B. she realizedC. did she realize D. she had realizedC(2) Only after my friend came

9、 _.(2005福建，福建，32）did the computer repairhe repaired the computerwas the computer repairedthe computer was repaire2. 否定副词及短语位于句首时。否定副词及短语位于句首时。 高考常考的这类词或词语有：高考常考的这类词或词语有：not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等等 。我从没见过如此美丽的地方。我从没见过如此美丽的地方。I have never seen such a beautiful place

10、.Never have I seen such a beautiful place.高考真题再现：高考真题再现： Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. (2006年重庆，年重庆，24）A.the teacher is not satisfiedB.is the teacher not satisfiedC.the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfiedD3. 在省略在省略if的虚拟条件从句中。的虚拟条件从句中。（1）如

11、果我是你，我会努力学习。）如果我是你，我会努力学习。 （2）如果明天下雨的话，我们就延迟会议。）如果明天下雨的话，我们就延迟会议。Were I you, I would work hard. Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. （3）假如他听从了我的建议，他早就）假如他听从了我的建议，他早就 成功了。成功了。Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for his teachers help, he would never gradua

12、te from this high school. 注意注意：我们可以说我们可以说Were it not.或者或者Had it not been., 但但不不可以说可以说Weren t it. 或者或者hadnt it been. If it were not for his teachers help, he would never graduate from this high school. 4、so neither nor 位于句首的情况。位于句首的情况。（1）So + 助动词助动词 +主语主语 So + 主语主语 + 助动词助动词 也一样。也一样。确实如此。确实如此。高考真题再现：高

13、考真题再现：-Father, you promised.- Well, _. But it was you who didnt keep your word first. (2005年湖北年湖北, 34）A.so was I B. so did I C. so I was. D. so I did注意：注意：上述句式只用于上述句式只用于肯定句。肯定句。D（2）Neither 和和 Nor 用于否定句，表示用于否定句，表示“ 也不，也没也不，也没有有”。 Neither Nor +助动词助动词+主语主语高考真题再现：高考真题再现：(1) -I would never come to this r

14、estaurant again. The food is terrible. -_! (2004全国卷，全国卷，32）A.Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do IB注意：注意：上述句式只用于上述句式只用于否定句。否定句。当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用则用so it is (the same) with.句型来表示句型来表示。Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary.Tom is

15、 in Class Two, and his classroom is over there. So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.易错题：易错题：1、I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _, so _ mine.A.does , will B. will, doesC. will, would D. does, do2、-I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a

16、 lot. - _.B.So do I B. Neither do IC. So I have D. So it is with me.ADSo it is the same with me.5. as位于句首引导让步状语从句时，只须把表语位于句首引导让步状语从句时，只须把表语, 状语状语, 或或动词原形提到动词原形提到as前，前，(作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词不带冠词)。例如：。例如：Tired as he felt, he kept on working.Child as he was, he could work out the problem

17、.Much as he likes English, he is not good at it.Try as we might, we could not bring him around to accept our view.6、特殊倒装句型：、特殊倒装句型：（1）not only but also 句式的倒装句式的倒装他不仅对足球感兴趣，而且踢得很好。他不仅对足球感兴趣，而且踢得很好。He is not only interested in football but also he plays it well.Not only is he interested in football bu

18、t also he plays it well.前倒后不倒前倒后不倒（2）在）在“so + adj./adv. + that”句式中，将句式中，将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首时的倒装。放在句首时的倒装。 他学习是如此的努力以致于他在英语上取得了很大的进他学习是如此的努力以致于他在英语上取得了很大的进步。步。 He works so hard that he has made great progress in English. So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English.前倒后不倒前倒后不倒（3）

19、not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的倒装引导的从句位于句首引起的倒装直到他的妈妈回来，他才完成作业。直到他的妈妈回来，他才完成作业。 He didnt finish his homework until his mother came back. Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework.主倒从不倒主倒从不倒neithernor连接两个句子时连接两个句子时,两个句子都倒装。两个句子都倒装。Neither will he study nor will he go to work.no soonerthan, har

20、dly/scarcelywhen表示表示“一一就就时时, 从句用过去完成时从句用过去完成时 (倒装倒装),主句用过主句用过去时。去时。No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.1. -I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. -_. A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I 2. _snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards fo

21、r entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bringBB3. Little _ abut his own safety, thought he was in great danger himself.A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared4. Not until all

22、 the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realizeBA5. _ got into the room _ the telephone rang. A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when6. Only when your identity has been checked _.A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you al