(word完整版)高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词

1、高中英语语法之动词过去分词简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed 构成 (具体规则见后 ) ，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语 ,与句子主语是被动关系 ,表示主语的状态 ,不但表示被动 , 还 表示已完成了 .The cup is broken. 茶杯破了 .2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语 , 与句子主语是主动关系 , 表示主语的状态 , 只表示动作的完 成.He is retired.他已退休 .3. 有些过去分词作表语时 , 构成的谓语很接近被动结构 .一、当过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on th

2、ree sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山 .【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 :过去分词作表语 ,主要是表示主语的状态 , 而被动 语态则表示动作 .(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的 .( 是被动语态 , 表示动作 )(2) The library is now closed.图书馆关门了 .( 过去分词作表语 )【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成 , -ing 形式表示主动或进行 . 有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, fright

3、en 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人 , 用 -ing 形式来修饰物 .(3) The book is interesting and Im interested in it.这本书很有趣 , 我对它很感兴趣.二、当过去分词作为定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词 , 其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词 . 及物动词的过去分词作 定语, 既表被动又表完成 ;不及物动词的过去分词作定语 , 只表完成 .1. 过去分词用作定语 ,如果是单个的 , 常置于其所修饰的名词之前 .We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改

4、变了的情况 .2. 过去分词短语用作定语时 , 一般置于其所修饰的名词之后 , 其意义相当于一个定语从句 , 但 较从句简洁 , 多用于书面语中 .The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功 .3. 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语 , 前后常有逗号 .The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会 , 到会的有五千多人 .4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物

5、 , 这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接 修饰人 , 但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关 .The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视 .三、当过去分词作为状语1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作因为写得匆忙 , 这篇文章不是, 而且已经被写 . 值得注意的是. 这样的过去分词及短语常见的(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 很好.【注意】 written 为过去分词作状语 , 表示这篇文章是被写的 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构 , 作状语时不

6、表被动而表主动有 : lost （ 迷路 ）; seated （ 坐 ）; hidden （ 躲 ）; stationed （ 驻扎 ）; lost / absorbed in （沉溺于 ）; born （ 出身于 ）; dressed in （穿着 ）; tired of （厌烦 ）.（2）Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中 , 所以他没听到那个声音 .2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语, 此时应注意人称一致 .(1) Given another hour, I can also wo

7、rk out this problem.再给我一个小时 ,我也能解这道题 .(given 为过去分词作状语 ,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时 .)(2) _ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市 , 城市显得更漂亮 .(seen 为过去分词作状语 , 表被看 , 由语境可知 , 它的逻辑 主语必须是城市 ,而不是 我们, 因为我们 应主动看城市 .)【注意】如果过去分词作状语时 ,前面再加逻辑主语 ,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语 , 这 种带逻辑主语的过去分词

8、结构实际上属于 独立主格结构 .(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出 , 汽车就开动了 .(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语 , 因此主句主语 the bus 就不是 given 的逻辑主语 .(2) Her head held high, she went by.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去 .(her head 是held high 的逻辑主语 , 因此主句主语 she 就不再是 held high 的逻辑主语 .)3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句 .(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was

9、 all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨 , 所以他全身湿透了 . (caught in a heavy rain为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里 , 这些种子能长得很快 .( grown in rich soil为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构

10、成连词 +过去分词 结构作状语.When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.4. 过去分词作状语的位置 . 过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语 , 后面有逗号与主句隔开 ; 也可 放在主句后面 , 前面有逗号与主句隔开 .He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里 , 被感动得热泪盈眶 .四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语( 一 ) 能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:

11、1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词 . 如 :see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等 .(1) I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌 .( 过去分词 sung的动作显然先于谓语动作 heard;)(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大 .( 过去分词 changed 的动作显然先于谓语动作 found)明天我要理发 . 他昨天把牙拔了 要把那些事情做完 . know ， thi

12、nk 等后。如： 我认为这件事解决了。2. 表示致使意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.(1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.(3) Dont leave those things undone.3. 表示思维活动的动词如 consider ，(1) I consider the matter settled.(2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中被愚弄

13、了。4. 表示爱憎 ?意愿的动词如 want， wish ， like ， hate 等后。如：(1) I wanted two tickets reserved.我要预定两张机票。(2) He didn t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.( 二 ) 使役动词 have 接过去分词作宾补有两种情况 .1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成 .He had his money stolen. 他的钱给偷了 .( 被别人偷去了 )2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历 .He had his leg broke

14、n. 他的腿断了 . ( 自己的经历 )五、with + 宾语 +过去分词 的结构此结构中 , 过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语 . 这一结构通常在句中作时间 ,方式,条件,原 因等状语 .(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了 , 他的双手被绑在背后 .( 表方式 )(2) With water heated, we can see the steam.水一被加热 , 我们就会看到水蒸气 .( 表条件 )(3) With the matter settled, we a

15、ll went home.事情得到解决 , 我们都回家了 .( 表原因 )(4) _She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前 , 眼睛注视着他 .(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿 .练习1. Mr. Smith, of the speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring;

16、boring2. On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well A. looked forB. cared forC. take care ofD. cared after3. The two old sisters, so long, held each other and burst into tears.A. being separatedB. having been separatedC. having separatedD. had been separated4. Let s hav

17、e a rest. The work made me very .A. tired; tiredB. tiring; tiringC. tired; tiringD.tiring; tired5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A. adding B. to have added C. to a

18、ddD. added6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us about what is happening in the world.A. informing B. to inform C. informed D. being informed7. Everyone was by his progress which he madeduring the two months.A. surprised; surpriseB. surprised

19、; surprisedC. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprising8. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes him.A. looking B. watch atC. fixing onD. staring at9. The film you saw last light was made on a true story that happenedmany years ago. A. base B. to be based C. basedD. basing10. After his

20、 work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A. finished B. being finishedC. having finishedD. befinishing11. Follow the directions on the bottle carefully when the medicine.A. you will take B. taking C. to take D. taken12. The students, their teachers, came home.13.The long-lasting war, fille

21、dwith blood_ no result. A.reachedreachD. reaching14. They spent the night in the room.A.having locked B.locking15.He wrote a letter to the king _A. followed B. followA. hoping to be set freeC. followingD. will followand deaths,ended inpeople s sadness,B. toreachC. wouldC. to belockedD. lockedB. to s

22、et him freeC. so that beset freeD. asked to be set free16. Steven has devoted all his life to films, and Kate, his wife, is also to the duty of her profession.A. make; devoted B. making; devoting devoted D. make; devoting17. in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A. Walking B. He was walking Walke

23、dD. When he was walking18. Time should be made good use our lessons well.A. of learningB. to learnC. to learning19. The film, true story of this Red Army general, attracted peopleinterest all over the country.B. is on the base ofC. making;D. of to learnsC.A. is based onC. which is the base ofD. base

24、d upon20. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_A. stoleB. missing21. it rains, we will stay at home.A. SupposedB. Supposing22. with yours, our library is C. missedC. To suppose too small a size.A. Comparing; inB. Comparing; ofin D. Compared; of23. It s

25、dangerous to carry a hot pan withA. burning24. Wewere toldoil.D. losingD. If supposeC. Compared;B. burntthat the stone figureC. burnbackto the 16thD. burns century was of greatvalue.A. dated25. The boy lay upwards.A. set; lookedB. dating on his back, his teethC. coming and his glaringeyesD. kept _ s

26、traightB. set; lookingD. setting; looking in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals. A. Having lostB. LosinglookedC. setting;26.27. The Golden Gate Bridge, severalA. which is builtB. which builtD. He was lost hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.C. having built D.C. Lostbuilt28.

27、 I suggested the cheat A. referred to being putC. referred should be put29. , I went out for a walk.A. There was nothing to do C. There had nothing to do30. He returned home to learn thatinto prison.B. referred be putD. referred to be putthe girlB. There being nothing to doD. Had nothing to do had b

28、een married the secretaryvillage.A. became engaged to himC. engaged to him before 31. t like to talk about itto his parents.A. Disappointed Disappointing32. B. To bedisappointedD. Having disappointedin the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found byenemyC.B. was engaged to himD. got engaged to hi

29、m at failing in the maths exam, John wouldnC. hidden;C. made into;soldiers.A. Hidden; armed B. Hide; armed armD. Hiding; armed33. To have the wonderful cloth new clothes, they had the machineall day long.A. made of; runningB. made of; runworking D. made into; work34. The World Trade Organization fin

30、ally opened its door to China on November 10, our Chinese 15- year wait. A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends35. If in wet sand, the vegetables can fresh for a long time.A. being buried; remain B. buried; remained D. burying; remainover and over again, but he still couldA. Having explainedB. having

31、been explainedremainC. buried; be36.n t understand. C. ExplainingD. Ithad been explained37. Everything , the plan is fairly practical,A. considering B. taken into consideration into consideration from the moon, our earth, with wateryou can put it into C. to considerpractice.D. taking38.seventy perce

32、nt of itssurface, appears as aA. Seen; covered covering39. A great big fellow,blue ball ”B. seeing; coveringD. To see; to cover_around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisyC. Seen;footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket. A. weighedB. weighingC. weighs40. - The plan is of great imp

33、ortance to everybody.- I see. He is sure to finish it on time.C. to be madeD. weightyA. made41. From theB. making datesD. to makehundredthat it was madefiveon the gold coin, we decidedB. markedyears ago.marked D. having been marked42. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load my mind.A. taking off

34、B. to be taken off C. having taken off offA. markingC. to beD. taken43. The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes .D. wide openD. supportD. havingA. widely open B. wide openedC. widely opened44. The scientist came to the meeting with his wife him.A. being supported B. supportingC.

35、supported45. The noise of the machines can be clearly heard in our classroom.A. fixed B. being fixedC. to be fixedbeen fixed46. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory disputeA. being settledB. to be settled C. had settled D. assettled47. The sale usually takes place outside t

36、he house, with the audience on benches, chairs, or boxes.A. having seatedB.seating C. seated D. seat48. in this way, the situation doesn t seem so disa ppointing.A. To look at B. Looking at C. LookedatD. To be looked at49. in a recent science competition, the three students were awardedscholarships

37、totaling $21,000. A. To be judged the best C. Judged the best50. The president promised to keep all the board members negotiations were going on.A. inform informedB.informingD. informed51. with a difficultA. To faceB. Having judged the bestD. Judging the best of how theC. beArnold decided to ask his

38、 boss for advice. C. Facedsituation,B. Having faced52. When the first Englishsettlers arrived in thejewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A. wearingB. to wear C. worn D. having worn53. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures in your mind instead of

39、before your eyes.A. to formB. form C. forming D. having formed54. When first to the market, these products enjoyed great success.B. introducedD. FacingNew World, the Indians _A. introducing introduceC.D. being introduced55. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when at the meeting by myboss.A. qu

40、estioning B. having questioned questioned D. to be questioned56. in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had lefthis wallet at home. A. To waitC.B.Havewaited57. The flowers beauty of nature.A. to smellC. Having waited sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to theD. To

41、have waitedsmeltB. smellingC. smeltD. to be58. The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party.A. recorded B. recording C. to be recordedD. havingrecorded59. Having been attacked by terrorists, .A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure wa

42、s taken D. warnings were given to tourists60. by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anthertwo days on the farm.A. Attracting B. AttractedC. To be attractedD. Havingattracted61. The old man, abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his mother.A. to work B. working C. to

43、 have workedD. having worked62. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, as3M.A. knowing B. known C. being knownD. to be known63. the programme, they have to stay there for another two days.A. Not completingB. Not completedC.Nothaving completedD. Not completed64. Laws that pu

44、nish parentsfor t heir littlechildren s actions againstthelawsget parents .A. worriedB. to worryC.worrying D. worry65. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be putting C. to put D. putting66. Sarah, hurry up. I m afraid you won t have time to before th

45、e party.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get tochange67. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, .A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted68. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smoke D. smoke

46、d69. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took heraway, into the woods.A. seizing; disappearedBseized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing70. time, he ll make a first-class tennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. Giving D. Given71. Generally speaking,

47、according to the directions, the drug has no sideeffect.A. when taking B. when taken C. when to takeD. when to be taken72. Friendship is like money: easier made than .A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept73. Unless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invited B. inviting

48、C. being invited D. having invited74. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seen C.seeingD. seen75. The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to changeit.A. begins B. having begunC. beginningD. begun76.

49、to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones health.A. Exposed exposedB. Having exposedD. After being exposedC. Being77. The bellthe end of the period rang, our heated discussion.A. indicating; interruptingB. indicated; interruptingC. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted78. Mr Ree

50、d made up his mind to devoted all he had to some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up79. from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take somemedicine with him wherever he goes.A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having sufferedD. Being suffered80. The m

51、anagers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.A. carry out B. carrying outC. carried outD. tocarry out81. in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the UnitedStates.A. Being foundB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding82. The picture on the wall is painted by m

52、y nephew.D. being hungC. missed;A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs83. The boy was last seen near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; playplayedD. missed; to play84. the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recoverfrom the operation.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having gi

53、ven85. Europeanfootball is played in80 countries, it the most popular sportin the world.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make86. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose87. The lady said that she would buy a gift for her daughter with the A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars88. and happy, Tonny stood up and accepte